طراحی و کاربردهای آنتن‌های یکپارچه فعال

This comprehensive new resource guides professionals in the latest methods used when designing active integrated antennas (AIA) for wireless communication devices for various standards. This book provides complete design procedures for the various elements of such active integrated antennas such as the matching network, the amplifier/active element as well as the antenna. This book offers insight into how active integration and co-design between the active components (amplifier, oscillator, mixer, diodes) and the antenna can provide better power transfer, higher gains, increased efficiencies, switched beam patterns and smaller design footprints. It introduces the co-design approach of active integrated antennas and its superior performance over conventional methods. Complete design examples are given of active integrated antenna systems for narrow and wideband applications as well as for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Readers find the latest design methods for narrow and broadband RF matching networks. This book provides a complete listing of performance metrics for active integrated antennas. The book serves as a complete reference and design guide in the area of AIA. Design and Applications of Active Integrated Antennas Contents Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Review of Wireless Communication Technology Evolution 1.2 Transmitter and Receiver Architectures 1.2.1 RF Transmitter Architectures 1.2.2 RF Receiver Architectures 1.2.3 Digital IF RF Transceivers 1.3 Technology Trends 1.4 Conclusions References Chapter 2 Impedance Matching Methods 2.1 Introduction to Impedance Matching 2.2 Narrowband Matching 2.2.1 Lumped Element Matching Using the L-Network 2.2.2 Example on the Lumped Element L-Matching Method 2.2.3 Quality Factor of a Matching Network 2.2.4 Lumped Element Matching Using the T-Networks and π-Networks 2.2.5 Example on T-Matching Using Lumped Elements 2.2.6 Distributed Element Matching 2.2.7 Example on Distributed Element Matching 2.3 Wideband Matching 2.3.1 Constant-Q Circles Technique 2.3.2 Real Frequency Technique 2.3.3 Non-Foster Based Technique 2.4 Use of CAD for Matching Network Design 2.5 Conclusions References Chapter 3 Amplifier Design 3.1 Generic Approach for Amplifiers Design 3.2 LNA Design 3.2.1 Noise Analysis in Cascaded Systems 3.2.2 Noise Analysis in Amplifiers 3.2.3 Design Procedure 3.2.4 Design Example 3.3 Maximum Gain Amplifier Design 3.3.1 Matching Requirements 3.3.2 Design Procedure 3.3.3 Design Example 3.4 Amplifier Design for Gain-Noise Trade-Off 3.4.1 Gain Circles 3.4.2 Design Procedure 3.4.3 Design Examples 3.5 PA Design 3.5.1 Load-Pull Analysis 3.5.2 Design Procedure 3.6 Conclusions References Chapter 4 Antenna Fundamentals 4.1 Antenna Features and Metrics 4.1.1 Input Impedance, Resonance, and Bandwidth 4.1.2 Radiation Pattern, Efficiency, Polarization, Gain, and MEG 4.2 Antenna Types 4.2.1 Dipole Antennas 4.2.2 Monopole Antennas 4.2.3 Patch Antennas 4.2.4 Loop Antennas 4.2.5 Slot Antennas 4.3 Antenna Arrays 4.3.1 Linear Antenna Arrays 4.3.2 Planar Antenna Arrays 4.3.3 Circular Antenna Arrays 4.4 MIMO Antenna Systems 4.4.1 Features of MIMO Antennas and Systems 4.4.2 Performance Metrics of MIMO Antenna Systems 4.4.3 MIMO Antenna System Examples 4.5 Computer-Aided Antenna Design 4.5.1 Printed Monopole Antenna Modeling Example Using HFSS 4.5.2 Printed PIFA Antenna Modeling Example Using CST 4.6 Conclusions References Chapter 5 Active Integrated Antennas 5.1 Performance Metrics of AIA 5.1.1 Frequency Bandwidth 5.1.2 Power Gain 5.1.3 Total Efficiency 5.1.4 Stability 5.1.5 Noise Performance 5.1.6 Example 5.2 Oscillator-Based AIA 5.2.1 Design Outline 5.2.2 Examples 5.3 Amplifier-Based AIA 5.3.1 Design Outline 5.3.2 Examples 5.4 Mixer-Based AIA 5.4.1 Design Outline 5.4.2 Examples 5.5 Transceiver-Based AIA 5.5.1 Design Outline 5.5.2 Examples 5.6 Other Types of AIAs 5.6.1 Frequency, Polarization, and Pattern Reconfigurable Antennas 5.6.2 On-Chip/On-Package Antennas 5.6.3 Non-Foster Antennas 5.7 Conclusions References Chapter 6 A Codesign Approach for Designing AIAs 6.1 Detailed AIA Codesign Procedure 6.2 Narrowband AIA Codesign Examples 6.3 Wideband AIA Codesign Examples 6.4 UWB AIA Codesign Approach 6.5 Conclusions References Appendix A Using ADS Tutorial Example A.1: RF Lumped Component-Based BPF Example A.2: RF Amplifier Characteristics Based on Its S-Parameters Appendix B Using the MWO Tutorial Example B.1: Lowpass RF Filter Appendix C Using the HFSS Tutorial Appendix D Using the CST Tutorial List of Acronyms About the Authors This new resource guides professionals in the latest methods used when designing active integrated antennas (AIA) for wireless communication devices for various standards. This book provides complete design procedures for the various elements of such active integrated antennas such as the matching network, the amplifier/active element as well as the antenna. This book offers insight into how active integration and co-design between the active components (amplifier, oscillator, mixer, diodes) and the antenna can provide better power transfer, higher gains, increased efficiencies, switched beam patterns and smaller design footprints. It introduces the co-design approach of active integrated antennas and its superior performance over conventional methods. Complete design examples are given of active integrated antenna systems for narrow and wideband applications as well as for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Readers find the latest design methods for narrow and broadband RF matching networks. This book provides a complete listing of performance metrics for active integrated antennas. The book serves as a complete reference and design guide in the area of AIA -- Provided by the publisher This book explains how active integration and co-design between the active components (amplifier, oscillator, mixer, diodes) and the antenna can provide better power transfer, higher gains, increased efficiencies, switched beam patterns and smaller design footprints.