Dermatological atlas of indigenous people

Skin diseases are highly prevalent among indigenous people, leading to low mortality but greatly impacting their quality of life. Such diseases can be observed in indigenous people; both those living in isolated communities and those who have since been urbanized to some degree share a common characteristic of presenting different clinical patterns than non-indigenous individuals. These specificities necessitate a special approach when diagnosing dermatologic diseases in indigenous people. However, these considerations are rarely discussed in standard dermatology books. This Atlas addresses that gap by providing specific materials for professionals involved in the health of indigenous people, especially with those who live either alone or in remote areas. It offers a comprehensive overview of the most common skin diseases in specific tribes, providing a full clinical guide on the dermatologic signs and symptoms in these individuals. Additionally, the book complements the clinical standpoint with an anthropologic perspective, examining the impact of dermatologic diseases in indigenous people and the different meaning of these diseases in their lives. Most of the material presented in this Atlas was collected in the Xingu Program, a project created in 1965 by the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil, and devoted to providing medical care to indigenous people from the Upper Xingu region, in the heart of the Amazon rainforest. Thus, the content is primarily applicable to South American indigenous people. However, the common characteristics of the isolation and non-urbanization of these communities, as well as the anthropologic perspective adopted here, allow the content to be extrapolated to other indigenous peoples worldwide. This Atlas will be a novel and valuable resource for health professionals who work with indigenous peoples, especially in geographic areas where dermatologists are not always readily available. Preface 5 Acknowledgments 6 Contents 7 Author Biographies 9 1: Social Representations of the Body, the Skin, and Related Diseases in Indigenous Thought 10 1.1 The Body and the Skin: Center of Social Signs 10 1.2 The Skin as the Body Limit and the Exchange of Substances 11 1.3 The Process Health-Disease and the Social Representation of Skin Diseases 11 1.4 Therapeutic Itinerary 14 1.5 Final Considerations 16 Suggested Reading 17 2: Indigenous Peoples in Brazil 18 2.1 Sociocultural Diversity 19 2.2 Epidemiological Profile of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil 20 2.3 Uncontacted Indigenous Peoples or Groups in Brazil 21 Suggested Reading 35 3: Elementary Skin Lesions in Dermatological Medical Examinations 36 3.1 Papule 36 3.2 Plaque 36 3.3 Nodule 36 3.4 Verrucous or Wartlike Lesions 36 3.5 Vesicle and Bullae 36 3.6 Pustule 36 3.7 Erythematous Macule 36 3.8 Hypochromic Macule and Achromic Macule 36 3.9 Hyperchromic Macule 36 3.10 Edema 36 3.11 Ulcer 36 3.12 Scales 40 3.13 Crusts 40 3.14 Atrophy 40 Suggested Reading 40 4: Infectious Diseases 41 4.1 Fungal Diseases 41 4.1.1 Dermatophytosis 41 4.1.2 Paronychia 41 4.1.3 Pityriasis Versicolor 43 4.1.4 Tinea Imbricata 43 4.1.5 Jorge Lobo’s Disease 44 4.1.6 Chromoblastomycosis 46 4.1.7 Mycetoma 47 4.2 Bacterial Diseases 50 4.2.1 Impetigo 50 4.2.2 Bacterial Folliculitis 50 4.2.3 Erysipelas and Cellulitis 51 4.2.4 Furunculosis and Abscess 52 4.2.5 Cutaneous Mycobacteriosis 53 4.2.6 Erythrasma 53 4.3 Viral Diseases 54 4.3.1 Warts 54 4.3.2 Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia 54 4.3.3 Condyloma Acuminatum 55 4.3.4 Molluscum Contagiosum 56 4.3.5 Herpes Simplex 57 4.3.6 Herpes Zoster 58 4.4 Parasitic Diseases 58 4.4.1 Scabies 58 4.4.2 Pediculosis 59 4.4.3 Cutaneous Larva Migrans 60 4.4.4 Tungiasis 60 4.4.5 Tegumentary Leishmaniasis 61 Suggested Reading 62 Dermatophytosis 62 Paronychia 62 Pityriasis Versicolor 62 Tinea Imbricata 62 Jorge Lobo’s Disease 62 Chromoblastomycosis 62 Mycetoma 63 Impetigo 63 Bacterial Folliculitis 63 Erysipelas and Cellulitis 63 Furunculosis and Abscess 63 Cutaneous Mycobacteriosis 63 Erythrasma 63 Warts 63 Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia 63 Condyloma Acuminatum 63 Molluscum Contagiosum 64 Herpes Simplex 64 Herpes Zoster 64 Scabies 64 Pediculosis 64 Cutaneous Larva Migrans 64 Tungiasis 64 Tegumentary Leishmaniasis 64 5: Inflammatory Diseases 65 5.1 Pityriasis Alba and Eczematid 65 5.2 Contact Dermatitis 65 5.3 Seborrheic Dermatitis 66 5.4 Neurodermatitis 66 5.5 Psoriasis 69 5.6 Insect Bites 69 5.7 Urticaria 70 5.8 Fixed Drug Eruption 72 Suggested Reading 72 Pityriasis Alba and Eczematid 72 Contact Dermatitis 72 Seborrheic Dermatitis 72 Neurodermatitis 73 Psoriasis 73 Insect Bites 73 Urticaria 73 Fixed Drug Eruption 73 6: Cysts, Benign and Malignant Neoplastic Diseases 74 6.1 Seborrheic Keratosis 74 6.2 Melanocytic Nevi 74 6.3 Nevus Depigmentosus 74 6.4 Mucous Cyst 75 6.5 Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma 76 6.6 Squamous Cell Carcinoma 77 Suggested Reading 78 Seborrheic Keratosis 78 Melanocytic Nevi 78 Nevus Depigmentosus 78 Mucous Cyst 78 Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma 78 Squamous Cell Carcinoma 78 7: Genetic Diseases 79 7.1 Epidemolysis Bullosa 79 7.2 Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome 79 7.3 Xeroderma Pigmentosum 79 Suggested Reading 82 Epidemolysis Bullosa 82 Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome 82 Xeroderma Pigmentosum 82 8: Miscellaneous 83 8.1 Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids 83 8.2 Lichen Striatus 83 8.3 Endemic Pemphigus Foliaceus (“Wild Fire”) 83 8.4 Geographic Tongue 86 8.5 Fox-Fordyce Disease 87 8.6 Hydroa Vacciniforme 87 Suggested Reading 88 Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids 88 Lichen Striatus 88 Endemic Pemphigus Foliaceus (“Wild Fire”) 88 Geographic Tongue 88 Fox-Fordyce Disease 88 Hydroa Vacciniforme 88 Index 89 Front Matter ....Pages i-xi Social Representations of the Body, the Skin, and Related Diseases in Indigenous Thought (Marcos Cesar Florian, Jane Tomimori, Sofia Beatriz Machado de Mendonça, Douglas Antonio Rodrigues)....Pages 1-8 Indigenous Peoples in Brazil (Marcos Cesar Florian, Jane Tomimori, Sofia Beatriz Machado de Mendonça, Douglas Antonio Rodrigues)....Pages 9-26 Elementary Skin Lesions in Dermatological Medical Examinations (Marcos Cesar Florian, Jane Tomimori, Sofia Beatriz Machado de Mendonça, Douglas Antonio Rodrigues)....Pages 27-31 Infectious Diseases (Marcos Cesar Florian, Jane Tomimori, Sofia Beatriz Machado de Mendonça, Douglas Antonio Rodrigues)....Pages 33-56 Inflammatory Diseases (Marcos Cesar Florian, Jane Tomimori, Sofia Beatriz Machado de Mendonça, Douglas Antonio Rodrigues)....Pages 57-65 Cysts, Benign and Malignant Neoplastic Diseases (Marcos Cesar Florian, Jane Tomimori, Sofia Beatriz Machado de Mendonça, Douglas Antonio Rodrigues)....Pages 67-71 Genetic Diseases (Marcos Cesar Florian, Jane Tomimori, Sofia Beatriz Machado de Mendonça, Douglas Antonio Rodrigues)....Pages 73-76 Miscellaneous (Marcos Cesar Florian, Jane Tomimori, Sofia Beatriz Machado de Mendonça, Douglas Antonio Rodrigues)....Pages 77-82 Back Matter ....Pages 83-87