Dependency Theory After Fifty Years: The Continuing Relevance of Latin American Critical Thought (Studies in Critical Social Sciences, 207)

It is known that Marx modified his views on underdeveloped countries. Initially, he conceived of a passive connection of these nations to the rise and fall of world capitalism. Later, he highlighted resistance to colonialism. This shift was discussed intensely in the 1970s by scholars of Marx's writings. The backdrop to this interest was enthusiasm for socialist revolutions in the periphery.Marxists assessed the continuing gap between advanced and backward economies in the light of the intuitions expressed by the author of Capital. Nationalist authors criticized Marx's hostility (or indifference) toward the colonial world, while neoliberals disputed or demonized his writings. How did Marx deal with the problem of the periphery?1 Half Title -1 Series Information -1 Title Page 3 Copyright Page -1 Contents 5 Prologue 11 Part 1 Background 17 Chapter 1 Marx and the Periphery 19 1 Cosmopolitan Socialism 19 2 Rebellions and Rethinking -1 3 Slavery and Oppression 21 4 Democracies and Communes 22 5 A New Paradigm -1 6 Convergence and Cleavages 24 7 Exogenous and Endogenous Causes 26 8 Liberal Interpretations -1 9 Varieties of Eurocentrism 29 10 People without History 30 11 Nations and Nationalism 32 12 State and Progress 34 13 Legacies 35 Chapter 2 Underdevelopment in the Classical Marxists 37 1 Justifications for Colonialism 38 2 The Revolutionary Position 39 3 Rights to Self-Determination 40 4 Pillars of Anti-Imperialism 42 5 Uneven Development 43 6 Stages and Imperialism 45 7 The Function of the Periphery 46 8 Accumulation by Dispossession 49 9 Uneven and Combined Development 50 10 Challenges and Extensions 52 11 Enduring Concepts 53 Chapter 3 Center and Periphery in Postwar Marxism 54 1 Deindustrialization and Surplus 54 2 Stagnation and Domination 55 3 Polemics with Liberalism 56 4 Amin’s Five Theses 58 5 World Value and Polarization 59 6 Unequal Exchange 61 7 Dependency and Socialism 62 8 Collective Imperialism 64 9 Mandel’s Perspective 65 10 Bifurcations and Neutralizations 67 11 Imbalances and Fluctuations 68 12 Socialist Convergences 70 Part 2 Development 73 Chapter 4 The Rise of Dependency Theories 75 1 Socialism and Liberalism 75 2 Developmentalism and Marxism 76 3 The New Categories 78 4 Subimperialism and the National Bourgeoisie 80 5 Theories and Particularities 81 6 The Metropolis-Satellite Perspective 82 7 Two Different Approaches 84 8 Development and Dependency 86 9 Theoretical Confusion 87 10 An Illuminating Debate 88 11 Socio-liberal Regression 89 Chapter 5 Critiques and Convergences 92 1 Functionalism without Subjects 92 2 Mechanical Exogenism 93 3 Problems of Pan-Capitalism 94 4 Methodological Singularity? 96 5 Perspectives on ‘Popular Unity’ in Chile 97 6 Endogenism: Traditional and Transformed 98 7 Agreement against Post-Marxism 100 8 Return to Dependency 101 9 The Opposite Path 102 10 Theoretical Synthesis 103 11 Methodological Convergence 104 12 Assessments and Declines 106 Chapter 6 Dependency and World-System Theory 109 1 Cycles and Hegemonies 109 2 Orders and Hierarchies 110 3 Relationship to Dependency Theory 112 4 Convergences and Separations 113 5 Convergent Concepts 114 6 Systems or Modes of Production? 116 7 Terminal Crises and Social Subjects 118 8 Two Views on Long Cycles 119 9 Discrepancies on Socialism 120 10 Anti-imperialism and National Traditions 121 11 Only Now Is It Possible? 123 12 Political Strategies 124 Chapter 7 Three Stages of the Metropolis-Satellite Perspective 126 1 Variety of Approaches 126 2 Controversies over Colonization 127 3 More Elaborate Answers 128 4 Commercial Capitalism 129 5 Political Simplifications 131 6 The Turn toward World-System Theory 132 7 Debates over the Proletariat 133 8 Long Transitions 134 9 The Missing Subject 135 10 Debates over the East -1 11 Problems with ‘Asia-Centrism’ 138 12 Misunderstanding Capitalism 139 13 Contemporary Influences 140 14 No Response to Dependency 141 Chapter 8 Anti-dependency Arguments 143 1 Reformulating the Same Approach 143 2 Interdependence? 144 3 Simplified Comparisons 145 4 Stagnationism? 147 5 Monopolies and the Law of Value 148 6 Underdevelopment as a Simple Fact 149 7 Classifications and Examples 150 8 Argentina as a Developed Country? 151 9 Political Challenges 153 10 Marx, Lenin, Luxemburg 155 11 Mythical Proletariat 157 12 Globalist Socialism 159 Part 3 Concepts 163 Chapter 9 Subimperialism i: Review of a Concept 165 1 Foundations and Objections 165 2 Evaluation of a Concept 166 3 Another Context 168 4 Economic Interpretations 169 5 Reformulation of a Status 170 6 Controversial Extensions 172 7 Misunderstanding a Category 173 8 Comparison with Semi-Colony 174 9 Dogmatic Inconsistencies 176 Chapter 10 Subimperialism ii: Current Application 179 1 The Main Prototype 179 2 An Adventurous Experiment 180 3 An Uncertain Reconstitution 182 4 Co-imperial Appendages -1 5 Contrasting Situations 184 6 Peculiarities of Another Power 186 7 Empire in Formation 187 8 Another Variant in Formation 188 9 Is Brazil Subimperial Today? 190 10 Comparisons with Other Cases 192 11 Controversies over Application 193 12 Reconsideration and Usefulness 194 Chapter 11 Insights and Problems of the Super-exploitation Concept 196 1 Logic and Interpretation 196 2 Compatible Objections 197 3 Low Value of Labor Power 198 4 Statistical Irresolution 199 5 The Centrality of Transfers 201 6 Dependency without Super-Exploitation 202 7 Variety of Uses 203 8 Super-exploitation with and without Marx 204 9 Absence of Fordism 205 10 Where Is Exploitation Greater? 206 11 Current Applications 207 12 A Tentative Model 209 13 Controversies over the Extension of Super-Exploitation 211 Chapter 12 Similarities and Differences with the Age of Marini 214 1 Productive Globalization 214 2 Exploitation and Industrial Remodeling 215 3 The Crisis of Capitalism 216 4 Imperial Reformulations 218 5 The Collapse of the USSR and the Rise of China 219 6 Polarities and Neutralizations -1 7 Diverse Inequalities 221 8 Internationalization without a Political Counterpart 222 9 Problems of Transnationalism 223 10 Semi-peripheral Reordering 224 11 Extent of Subimperialism 226 12 Global South? 227 13 Renewing Dependency Theory 229 Chapter 13 The Dependent Cycle Forty Years Later 230 1 Tensions and Crises 230 2 Industrial Regression, Obstruction to Consumption 231 3 Effects of Extractivism 233 4 Cycle and Crisis 234 5 The Contrast with Korea 235 6 Other Interpretations 237 7 Other Comparisons 239 8 Relation with China 240 9 Geopolitics, Classes, Governments 242 10 Determinants of Dependency 244 11 Reasons for Reconsideration 245 Chapter 14 Dependency and the Theory of Value 248 1 Causes of Unequal Exchange 248 2 The Extent of Globalization 249 3 Productive Globalization 250 4 The Meaning of Intensified Labor 252 5 Monopoly and the Duality of Value 253 6 Misunderstanding Underdevelopment 255 7 Raw Material Cycles 256 8 The Reintroduction of Rent 257 9 Imperialist Rents 259 10 International Rent 260 11 Forced Incompatibilities 261 12 The Contrast with Venezuela 263 13 Totalizing Visions 264 Epilogue 265 References 269 Index 291 "This book received the Libertador Prize for Critical Thought (2018), demonstrating a renewal of interest in Dependency Theory. That conception initially included distinct forms of Marxism, liberalism, and developmentalism that should be differentiated, despite sharing the same name. The later retreat of that approach contrasts with the growing present-day relevance of its postulates; Latin America bears the effects of dependency even more acutely than in the past, making it imperative to understand the logic of its peripheral subordination. Dependency Theory in its original form is insufficient for explaining contemporary reality; it must be updated to interpret the current modalities of dependent capitalism. This book offers analytical clues to that reinvention"-- Provided by publisher This book offers an assessment of Dependency Theory and discusses its relevance and renewal in light of the current political reality of Latin America.