Denial of Justice in International Law (Hersch Lauterpacht Memorial Lectures, Series Number 17)

Denial of justice is one of the oldest bases of liability in international law and the modern understanding of denial of justice is examined by Paulsson in this book, which was originally published in 2005. The possibilities for prosecuting the offence of denial of justice have evolved in fundamental ways and it is now settled law that States cannot disavow international responsibility by arguing that their courts are independent of the government. Even more importantly, the doors of international tribunals have swung wide open to admit claimants other than states: non-governmental organisations, corporations and individuals, and Paulsson examines several recent cases of great importance in his book. Half-title......Page 3 Title......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Contents......Page 7 Acknowledgements......Page 10 1 The renaissance of a cause of action......Page 29 Absence of a universal standard......Page 38 Right and might in the law of nations......Page 41 Objections of weak states......Page 46 The Calvo Doctrine and Clause......Page 48 The impulse to limit the scope of denial of justice......Page 52 Modern political realities......Page 54 Summary......Page 64 State responsibility for the conduct of the judiciary......Page 66 Denial of justice by non-judicial authority......Page 72 Extension of locus standi......Page 81 Overview......Page 85 The difficult emergence of a general international standard......Page 87 An evolving standard......Page 96 Relationship with specific rights created by international law......Page 97 No responsibility for misapplication of national law......Page 101 Demise of substantive denial of justice......Page 109 Judgments in breach of international law......Page 112 Judgments in breach of national law......Page 115 State responsibility for subdivisions......Page 118 Attempts at codification......Page 121 Summary......Page 126 The case for exhaustion......Page 128 Loewen and the problem of waiver......Page 130 Exhaustion as a substantive requirement of denial of justice......Page 135 The qualification of reasonableness......Page 140 Application of the reasonableness qualification in Loewen......Page 148 No fresh starts at the international level......Page 154 Effect of forks in the road......Page 155 Summary......Page 158 6 Denial of justice by outside interference......Page 159 Jurisprudence under human rights treaties......Page 161 Denial of access to justice......Page 162 Absolute denial of access through state immunity......Page 166 Targeted legislation......Page 175 Repudiation by a state of an agreement to arbitrate......Page 177 Governmental interference......Page 185 Manipulation of the composition of courts......Page 191 Excessive public pressure......Page 192 Failure to execute judgments......Page 196 Inadequate measures against perpetrators of crimes against foreigners......Page 198 Wrongful measures of physical coercion......Page 201 Refusal to judge......Page 204 Delay......Page 205 Illegitimate assertion of jurisdiction......Page 206 Fundamental breaches of due process......Page 208 Discrimination or prejudice......Page 220 Corruption......Page 223 Arbitrariness......Page 224 Retroactive application of laws......Page 227 Gross incompetence......Page 228 Pretence of form......Page 230 Summary......Page 232 General principles: restitutio, damnum emergens, lucrum cessans......Page 235 Vicarious damage and deterrence......Page 240 Illustrative precedents......Page 243 Amco II and proximate cause......Page 246 Summary......Page 254 Anti-international challenges......Page 256 Responses to the anti-international critiques......Page 260 The urgency of prudence......Page 269 Respect for the 'obscure arbiter' as a test of commitment to the international rule of law......Page 280 The early American example......Page 284 Conclusions......Page 289 Summary......Page 293 Bibliography......Page 294 Index......Page 302 Half-title 3 Title 5 Copyright 6 Contents 7 Acknowledgements 10 1 The renaissance of a cause of action 29 2 The historical evolution of denial of justice 38 Absence of a universal standard 38 Right and might in the law of nations 41 Objections of weak states 46 The Calvo Doctrine and Clause 48 The impulse to limit the scope of denial of justice 52 Modern political realities 54 Summary 64 3 Three fundamental developments 66 State responsibility for the conduct of the judiciary 66 Denial of justice by non-judicial authority 72 Extension of locus standi 81 4 The modern definition of denial of justice 85 Overview 85 The difficult emergence of a general international standard 87 An evolving standard 96 Relationship with specific rights created by international law 97 No responsibility for misapplication of national law 101 Demise of substantive denial of justice 109 Judgments in breach of international law 112 Judgments in breach of national law 115 Confirmation of the distinction 118 State responsibility for subdivisions 118 Attempts at codification 121 Summary 126 5 Exhaustion of local remedies and denial of justice 128 The case for exhaustion 128 Loewen and the problem of waiver 130 Exhaustion as a substantive requirement of denial of justice 135 The qualification of reasonableness 140 Application of the reasonableness qualification in Loewen 148 No fresh starts at the international level 154 Effect of forks in the road 155 Summary 158 6 Denial of justice by outside interference 159 Jurisprudence under human rights treaties 161 Denial of access to justice 162 Absolute denial of access through state immunity 166 Targeted legislation 175 Repudiation by a state of an agreement to arbitrate 177 Governmental interference 185 Manipulation of the composition of courts 191 Excessive public pressure 192 Failure to execute judgments 196 Inadequate measures against perpetrators of crimes against foreigners 198 Wrongful measures of physical coercion 201 7 Denial of justice by the decision-maker 204 Refusal to judge 204 Delay 205 Illegitimate assertion of jurisdiction 206 Fundamental breaches of due process 208 Discrimination or prejudice 220 Corruption 223 Arbitrariness 224 Retroactive application of laws 227 Gross incompetence 228 Pretence of form 230 Summary 232 8 Remedies and sanctions 235 General principles: restitutio, damnum emergens, lucrum cessans 235 Vicarious damage and deterrence 240 Illustrative precedents 243 Amco II and proximate cause 246 The time value of money 254 Summary 254 9 The menace of 'obscure arbiters'? 256 Anti-international challenges 256 Responses to the anti-international critiques 260 The urgency of prudence 269 Respect for the 'obscure arbiter' as a test of commitment to the international rule of law 280 The early American example 284 Conclusions 289 Summary 293 Bibliography 294 Index 302 Denial of justice is one of the oldest bases of liability in international law and is examined by Jan Paulsson in this book. The possibilities for prosecuting the offence of denial of justice have evolved in fundamental ways and it is now settled law that States cannot disavow international responsibility by arguing that their courts are independent of the government. Even more importantly, the doors of international tribunals have swung wide open to admit claimants other than states: non-governmental organizations, corporations, and individuals, and Paulsson examines several recent cases of great importance in his book. "Denial of justice is one of the oldest bases of state responsibility. This book examines its modern understanding. The possibilities for prosecuting this delict have evolved in fundamental ways. It is now settled law that States cannot disavow international responsibility by arguing that their courts are independent of the government. Even more importantly, the doors of international tribunals have swung wide open to admit claimants other than States: non-governmental organizations, corporations, and individuals. Several recent cases of great importance are examined."--Jacket Denial of justice is one of the oldest bases of liability in international law. It has recently taken on a new vitality due to international treaties under which private parties can seek to hold States liable for judicial mistreatment. This 2005 book examines several recent cases of great importance. By what artifice might a state owe a duty to the world at large to maintain an adequate system for the administration of justice?

this 2005 Book Examines The Modern Understanding Of Denial Of Justice.