Democracy, Islam, and Secularism in Turkey (Religion, Culture, and Public Life Book 11)

While Turkey has grown as a world power, promoting the image of a progressive and stable nation, several choices in policy have strained its relationship with the East and the West. Providing historical, social, and religious context for this behavior, the essays in Democracy, Islam, and Secularism in Turkey examine issues relevant to Turkish debates and global concerns, from the state's position on religion to its involvement with the European Union. Written by experts in a range of disciplines, the chapters explore the toleration of diversity during the Ottoman Empire's classical period; the erosion of ethno-religious heterogeneity in modern, pre-democratic times; Kemalism and its role in modernization and nation building; the changing political strategies of the military; and the effect of possible EU membership on domestic reforms. The essays also offer a cross-Continental comparison of "multiple secularisms," as well as political parties, considering especially Turkey's Justice and Development Party in relation to Europe's Christian Democratic parties. Contributors tackle critical research questions, such as the legacy of the Ottoman Empire's ethno-religious plurality and the way in which Turkey's assertive secularism can be softened to allow greater space for religious actors. They address the military's "guardian" role in Turkey's secularism, the implications of recent constitutional amendments for democratization, and the consequences and benefits of Islamic activism's presence within a democratic system. No other collection confronts Turkey's contemporary evolution so vividly and thoroughly or offers such expert analysis of its crucial social and political systems. Contributors: Karen Barkey (Columbia University) • Ümit Cizre (Istanbul Sehir University) • M. Sükrü Hanioglu (Princeton University) • Stathis N. Kalyvas (Yale University) • Ahmet T. Kuru (San Diego State University) • Joost Lagendijk (Sabanc University) • Ergun Özbudun (Bilkent University) • Alfred Stepan (Columbia University) While Turkey Has Grown As A World Power, Promoting The Image Of A Progressive And Stable Nation, Several Choices In Policy Have Strained Its Relationship With The East And The West. Providing Historical, Social, And Religious Context For This Behavior, The Essays In Democracy, Islam, And Secularism In Turkey Examine Issues Relevant To Turkish Debates And Global Concerns, From The State's Position On Religion To Its Involvement With The European Union. Written By Experts In A Range Of Disciplines, The Chapters Explore The Toleration Of Diversity During The Ottoman Empire's Classical Period; The Erosion Of Ethno-religious Heterogeneity In Modern, Pre-democratic Times; Kemalism And Its Role In Modernization And Nation Building; The Changing Political Strategies Of The Military; And The Effect Of Possible Eu Membership On Domestic Reforms. The Essays Also Offer A Cross-continental Comparison Of Multiple Secularisms, As Well As Political Parties, Considering Especially Turkey's Justice And Development Party In Relation To Europe's Christian Democratic Parties. Contributors Tackle Critical Research Questions, Such As The Legacy Of The Ottoman Empire's Ethno-religious Plurality And The Way In Which Turkey's Assertive Secularism Can Be Softened To Allow Greater Space For Religious Actors. They Address The Military's Guardian Role In Turkey's Secularism, The Implications Of Recent Constitutional Amendments For Democratization, And The Consequences And Benefits Of Islamic Activism's Presence Within A Democratic System. No Other Collection Confronts Turkey's Contemporary Evolution So Vividly And Thoroughly Or Offers Such Expert Analysis Of Its Crucial Social And Political Systems. Introduction / Ahmet T. Kuru And Alfred Stepan -- Rethinking Ottoman Management Of Diversity: What Can We Learn For Modern Turkey / Karen Barkey -- The Historical Roots Of Kemalism / M. Sukru Hanioglu -- Turkey-plural Society And Monolithic State / Ergun Ozbudun -- Laicite As An Ideal Type And A Continuum: Comparing Turkey, France, And Senegal / Ahmet T. Kuru And Alfred Stepan -- A New Politics Of Engagement: The Turkish Military, Society, And The Akp / Umit Cizre -- The Turkish Constitutional Court And Political Crisis / Ergun Ozbudun -- Turkey's Accession To The European Union And The Role Of The Justice And Development Party / Joost Lagendijk -- The Turkish Model In The Matrix Of Political Catholicism / Stathis N. Kalyvas. Edited By Ahmet T. Kuru And Alfred Stepan. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Written by experts in a range of disciplines, the chapters explore the toleration of diversity during the Ottoman Empire's classical period; the erosion of ethno-religious heterogeneity in modern, pre-democratic times; Kemalism and its role in modernization and nation building; the changing political strategies of the military; and the effect of possible EU membership on domestic reforms. The essays also offer a cross-Continental comparison of "multiple secularisms," as well as political parties, considering especially Turkey's Justice and Development Party in relation to Europe's Christian Democratic parties. Contributors tackle critical research questions, such as the legacy of the Ottoman Empire's ethno-religious plurality and the way in which Turkey's assertive secularism can be softened to allow greater space for religious actors. They address the military's "guardian" role in Turkey's secularism, the implications of recent constitutional amendments for democratization, and the consequences and benefits of Islamic activism's presence within a democratic system. Table of Contents Introduction, by Ahmet T. Kuru and Alfred Stepan 1. Rethinking Ottoman Management of Diversity: What Can We Learn for Modern Turkey, by Karen Barkey 2. The Historical Roots of Kemalism, by M. kr Haniolu 3. TurkeyPlural Society and Monolithic State, by Ergun zbudun 4. Lacit as an Ideal Type and a Continuum: Comparing Turkey, France, and Senegal, by Ahmet T. Kuru and Alfred Stepan 5. A New Politics of Engagement: The Turkish Military, Society, and the AKP, by mit Cizre 6. The Turkish Constitutional Court and Political Crisis, by Ergun zbudun 7. Turkeys Accession to the European Union and the Role of the Justice and Development Party, by Joost Lagendijk 8. The Turkish Model in the Matrix of Political Catholicism, by Stathis N. Kalyvas While Turkey has grown as a world power, promoting the image of a progressive and stable nation, several policy choices have strained its relationship with the East and the West. Providing social, historical, and religious context for Turkey's singular behavior, the essays in Democracy, Islam, and Secularism in Turkey examine issues relevant to Turkish debates and global concerns, from the state's position on religion and diversity to its involvement in the European Union. Written by experts in a range of disciplines, the chapters explore the Ottoman toleration of diversity during its classical period; the erosion of ethno-religious diversity in modern, pre-democratic times; Kemalism and its role in modernization and nation building; the changing political strategies of the military; and the effect of possible EU membership on domestic reforms. They also conduct a cross-Continental comparison of "multiple secularisms" as well as political parties, considering the Justice and Development Party in Turkey in relation to Christian Democratic parties in Europe. The contributors tackle central research questions, such as what is the legacy of the Ottoman Empire's ethno-religious plurality and how can Turkey's assertive secularism be softened to allow greater space for religious actors. They address the military's "guardian" role in Turkey's secularism, the implications of recent constitutional amendments for democratization, and the consequences and benefits of Islamic activism's presence within a democratic system. No other collection confronts Turkey's contemporary evolution so vividly and thoroughly or offers such expert analysis of its crucial social and political systems. Introduction, by Ahmet T. Kuru and Alfred Stepan 1. Rethinking Ottoman Management of Diversity: What Can We Learn for Modern Turkey, by Karen Barkey 2. The Historical Roots of Kemalism, by M. Sukru Hanioglu 3. Turkey-Plural Society and Monolithic State, by Ergun Ozbudun 4. Laicite as an "Ideal Type" and a Continuum: Comparing Turkey, France, and Senegal, by Ahmet T. Kuru and Alfred Stepan 5. A New Politics of Engagement: The Turkish Military, Society, and the AKP, by Umit Cizre 6. The Turkish Constitutional Court and Political Crisis, by Ergun Ozbudun 7. Turkey's Accession to the European Union and the Role of the Justice and Development Party, by Joost Lagendijk 8. The "Turkish Model" in the Matrix of Political Catholicism, by Stathis N. Kalyvas Selected Bibliography Contributors Index Introduction / Ahmet T. Kuru and Alfred Stepan Rethinking Ottoman management of diversity : what can we learn for modern Turkey / Karen Barkey The historical roots of Kemalism / M. Sukru Hanioglu Turkey-plural society and monolithic state / Ergun Ozbudun Laicité as an "ideal type" and a continuum : comparing Turkey, France, and Senegal / Ahmet T. Kuru and Alfred Stepan A new politics of engagement : the Turkish military, society, and the AKP / Umit Cizre The Turkish constitutional court and political crisis / Ergun Ozbudun Turkey's accession to the European Union and the role of the Justice and Development Party / Joost Lagendijk The "Turkish model" in the matrix of political Catholicism / Stathis N. Kalyvas.