غیرمتمرکز کردن حکمرانی: مفاهیم و شیوه‌های نوظهور (حکمرانی نوآورانه در قرن بیست و یکم)

The trend toward greater decentralization of governance activities, now accepted as commonplace in the West, has become a worldwide movement. Today s world demands flexibility, adaptability, and the autonomy to bring those qualities to bear. In this thought-provoking book, the first in a new series on Innovations in Governance, experts in government and public management trace the evolution and performance of decentralization concepts, from the transfer of authority within government to the sharing of power, authority, and responsibilities among broader governance institutions. The contributors to Decentralizing Governance assess emerging concepts such as devolution and capacity building; they also detail factors driving the decentralization movement such as the ascendance of democracy, economic globalization, and technological progress. Their analyses range across many regions of the world and a variety of contexts, but each specific case explores the objectives of decentralization and the benefits and difficulties that will likely result. Assesses The Emerging Concepts Of Decentralization (devolution, Empowerment, Capacity Building, And Democratic Governance) In Different Contexts And Regions. Details The Factors Driving The Movement, Including Political Changes Such As The Fall Of The Iron Curtain And The Ascendance Of Democracy; Economic Factors Such As Globalization And Outsourcing; And Technological Advances--provided By Publisher. From Government Decentralization To Decentralized Governance / G. Shabbir Cheema And Dennis A. Rondinelli -- Parallel And Partnership Approaches To Decentralized Governance / Dennis A. Rondinelli -- Decentralization And Electronic Governance / Guido Bertucci -- Local Governments That Perform Well : Four Explanations / Merilee S. Grindle -- Political Decentralization In Africa : Experiences Of Uganda, Rwanda, And South Africa / John-mary Kauzya -- Devolution Toward Democracy : Lessons For Theory And Practice From The Philippines / Ledivina V. Carino -- Decentralization, Deconcentration, And Poverty Reduction In The Asia Pacific / Peter Blunt And Mark Turner -- Fiscal Decentralization And Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations : Navigating A Viable Path To Reform / Paul Smoke -- Government Decentralization And Decentralized Governance In Latin America : The Silent Revolution By The Local Level / Enrique Cabrero -- Devolution With Accountability : Learning From Good Practices / G. Shabbir Cheema -- Decentralization And Participatory Local Governance : A Decision Space Analysis And Application To Peru / Derick W. Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, And Stephanie Mcnulty -- Challenges To Decentralized Governance In Weak States / Goran Hyden -- Decentralization And Legal Empowerment Of The Poor / Naresh Singh -- Decentralizations To Promote Effective And Efficient Pro-poor Infrastructure And Service Delivery In The Least Developed Countries / K.h. Wekwete -- Designing Decentralized Coastal Management Programs / Kem Lowry -- Issues And Best Practices In The Decentralization Of Natural Resource Control In Developing Countries / William Ascher. G. Shabbir Cheema, Dennis A. Rondinelli, Editors. Ash Institute For Democratic Governance And Innovation, Harvard University. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.

A Brookings Institution Press and Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation publicationThe trend toward greater decentralization of governance activities, now accepted as commonplace in the West, has become a worldwide movement. This international development—largely a product of globalization and democratization—is clearly one of the key factors reshaping economic, political, and social conditions throughout the world. Rather than the top-down, centralized decisionmaking that characterized communist economies and Third World dictatorships in the twentieth century, today's world demands flexibility, adaptability, and the autonomy to bring those qualities to bear.In this thought-provoking book, the first in a new series on Innovations in Governance, experts in government and public management trace the evolution and performance of decentralization concepts, from the transfer of authority within government to the sharing of power, authority, and responsibilities among broader governance institutions. This movement is not limited to national government—it also affects subnational governments, NGOs, private corporations, and even civil associations.The contributors assess the emerging concepts of decentralization (e.g., devolution, empowerment, capacity building, and democratic governance). They detail the factors driving the movement, including political changes such as the fall of the Iron Curtain and the ascendance of democracy; economic factors such as globalization and outsourcing; and technological advances (e.g. increased information technology and electronic commerce). Their analysis covers many different contexts and regions. For example, William Ascher of Claremont McKenna College chronicles how decentralization concepts are playing out in natural resources policy, while Kadmeil Wekwete (United Nations) outlines the specific challenges to decentralizing governance in sub-Saharan Africa. In each case, contributors explore the objectives of a decentralizing strategy as well as the benefits and difficulties that will likely result.

A Brookings Institution Press and Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation publication The trend toward greater decentralization of governance activities, now accepted as commonplace in the West, has become a worldwide movement. This international development—largely a product of globalization and democratization—is clearly one of the key factors reshaping economic, political, and social conditions throughout the world. Rather than the top-down, centralized decisionmaking that characterized communist economies and Third World dictatorships in the twentieth century, today's world demands flexibility, adaptability, and the autonomy to bring those qualities to bear. In this thought-provoking book, the first in a new series on Innovations in Governance, experts in government and public management trace the evolution and performance of decentralization concepts, from the transfer of authority within government to the sharing of power, authority, and responsibilities among broader governance institutions. This movement is not limited to national government—it also affects subnational governments, NGOs, private corporations, and even civil associations. The contributors assess the emerging concepts of decentralization (e.g., devolution, empowerment, capacity building, and democratic governance). They detail the factors driving the movement, including political changes such as the fall of the Iron Curtain and the ascendance of democracy; economic factors such as globalization and outsourcing; and technological advances (e.g. increased information technology and electronic commerce). Their analysis covers many different contexts and regions. For example, William Ascher of Claremont McKenna College chronicles how decentralization concepts are playing out in natural resources policy, while Kadmeil Wekwete (United Nations) outlines the specific challenges to decentralizing governance in sub-Saharan Africa. In each case, contributors explore the objectives of a decentralizing strategy as well as the benefits and difficulties that will likely result. " The trend toward greater decentralization of governance activities, now accepted as commonplace in the West, has become a worldwide movement. This international developmentlargely a product of globalization and democratizationis clearly one of the key factors reshaping economic, political, and social conditions throughout the world. Rather than the top-down, centralized decisionmaking that characterized communist economies and Third World dictatorships in the twentieth century, today's world demands flexibility, adaptability, and the autonomy to bring those qualities to bear. In this thought-provoking book, the first in a new series on Innovations in Governance, experts in government and public management trace the evolution and performance of decentralization concepts, from the transfer of authority within government to the sharing of power, authority, and responsibilities among broader governance institutions. This movement is not limited to national governmentit also affects subnational governments, NGOs, private corporations, and even civil associations. The contributors assess the emerging concepts of decentralization (e.g., devolution, empowerment, capacity building, and democratic governance). They detail the factors driving the movement, including political changes such as the fall of the Iron Curtain and the ascendance of democracy; economic factors such as globalization and outsourcing; and technological advances (e.g. increased information technology and electronic commerce). Their analysis covers many different contexts and regions. For example, William Ascher of Claremont McKenna College chronicles how decentralization concepts are playing out in natural resources policy, while Kadmeil Wekwete (United Nations) outlines the specific challenges to decentralizing governance in sub-Saharan Africa. In each case, contributors explore the objectives of a decentralizing strategy as well as the benefits and difficulties that will likely result. " Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Contents......Page 8 Foreword......Page 10 1. From Government Decentralization to Decentralized Governance......Page 12 2. Parallel and Partnership Approaches to Decentralized Governance: Experience in Weak States......Page 32 3. Decentralization and Electronic Governance......Page 54 4. Local Governments That Perform Well: Four Explanations......Page 67 5. Political Decentralization in Africa: Experiences of Uganda, Rwanda, and South Africa......Page 86 6. Devolution toward Democracy: Lessons for Theory and Practice from the Philippines......Page 103 7. Decentralization, Deconcentration, and Poverty Reduction in the Asia Pacific......Page 126 8. Fiscal Decentralization and Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations: Navigating a Viable Path to Reform......Page 142 9. Government Decentralization and Decentralized Governance in Latin America: The Silent Revolution of the Local Level?......Page 167 10. Devolution with Accountability: Learning from Good Practices......Page 181 11. Decentralization and Participatory Local Governance: A Decision Space Analysis and Application to Peru......Page 200 12. Challenges to Decentralized Governance in Weak States......Page 223 13. Decentralization and Legal Empowerment of the Poor......Page 240 14. Decentralization to Promote Effective and Efficient Pro-Poor Infrastructure and Service Delivery in the Least-Developed Countries......Page 253 15. Designing Decentralized Coastal Management Programs......Page 277 16. Issues and Best Practices in the Decentralization of Natural Resource Control in Developing Countries......Page 303 Contributors......Page 318 Index......Page 324