Debt's Dominion : A History of Bankruptcy Law in America

Bankruptcy in America, in stark contrast to its status in most other countries, typically signifies not a debtor's last gasp but an opportunity to catch one's breath and recoup. Why has the nation's legal system evolved to allow both corporate and individual debtors greater control over their fate than imaginable elsewhere? Masterfully probing the political dynamics behind this question, David Skeel here provides the first complete account of the remarkable journey American bankruptcy law has taken from its beginnings in 1800, when Congress lifted the country's first bankruptcy code right out of English law, to the present day. Skeel shows that the confluence of three forces that emerged over many years--an organized creditor lobby, pro-debtor ideological currents, and an increasingly powerful bankruptcy bar--explains the distinctive contours of American bankruptcy law. Their interplay, he argues in clear, inviting prose, has seen efforts to legislate bankruptcy become a compelling battle royale between bankers and lawyers--one in which the bankers recently seem to have gained the upper hand. Skeel demonstrates, for example, that a fiercely divided bankruptcy commission and the 1994 Republican takeover of Congress have yielded the recent, ideologically charged battles over consumer bankruptcy. The uniqueness of American bankruptcy has often been noted, but it has never been explained. As different as twenty-first century America is from the horse-and-buggy era origins of our bankruptcy laws, Skeel shows that the same political factors continue to shape our unique response to financial distress. Bankruptcy In America, In Stark Contrast To Its Status In Most Other Countries, Typically Signifies Not A Debtor's Last Gasp But An Opportunity To Catch One's Breath And Recoup. Why Has The Nation's Legal System Evolved To Allow Both Corporate And Individual Debtors Greater Control Over Their Fate Than Imaginable Elsewhere? Masterfully Probing The Political Dynamics Behind This Question, David Skeel Here Provides The First Complete Account Of The Remarkable Journey American Bankruptcy Law Has Taken From Its Beginnings In 1800, When Congress Lifted The Country's First Bankruptcy Code Right Out Of English Law, To The Present Day. Skeel Shows That The Confluence Of Three Forces That Emerged Over Many Years - An Organized Creditor Lobby, Prodebtor Ideological Currents, And An Increasingly Powerful Bankruptcy Bar - Explains The Distinctive Contours Of American Bankruptcy Law. Their Interplay, He Argues In Clear, Inviting Prose, Has Seen Efforts To Legislate Bankruptcy Become A Compelling Battle Royale Between Bankers And Lawyers - One In Which The Bankers Recently Seem To Have Gained The Upper Hand. Skeel Demonstrates, For Example, That A Fiercely Divided Bankruptcy Commission And The 1994 Republican Takeover Of Congress Have Yielded The Recent, Ideologically Charged Battles Over Consumer Bankruptcy.--book Jacket. The Birth Of U.s. Insolvency Law -- The Path To Permanence In 1898 -- Railroad Receivership And The Elite Reorganization Bar -- The Great Depression And New Deal -- Escaping The New Deal: The Bankruptcy Bar In The 1930s -- William Douglas And The Rise Of The Securities And Exchange Commission -- The Revitalization Of Bankruptcy -- Raising The Bar With The 1978 Bankruptcy Code -- Repudiating The New Deal With Chapter 11 Of The Bankruptcy Code -- The View From The Twenty-first Century -- Credit Cards And The Return Of Ideology In Consumer Bankruptcy -- Bankruptcy As A Business Address: The Growth Of Chapter 11 In Practice And Theory -- Epilogue: Globalization And U.s. Bankruptcy Law. David A. Skeel, Jr. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [245]-271) And Index. Bankruptcy in America, in stark contrast to its status in most other countries, typically signifies not a debtor's last gasp but an opportunity to catch one's breath and recoup. Why has the nation's legal system evolved to allow both corporate and individual debtors greater control over their fate than imaginable elsewhere? Masterfully probing the political dynamics behind this question, David Skeel here provides the first complete account of the remarkable journey American bankruptcy law has taken from its beginnings in 1800, when Congress lifted the country's first bankruptcy code right out of English law, to the present day.Skeel shows that the confluence of three forces that emerged over many years -- an organized creditor lobby, pro-debtor ideological currents, and an increasingly powerful bankruptcy bar -- explains the distinctive contours of American bankruptcy law. Their interplay, he argues in clear, inviting prose, has seen efforts to legislate bankruptcy become a compelling battle royale between bankers and lawyers -- one in which the bankers recently seem to have gained the upper hand. Skeel demonstrates, for example, that a fiercely divided bankruptcy commission and the 1994 Republican takeover of Congress have yielded the recent, ideologically charged battles over consumer bankruptcy.The uniqueness of American bankruptcy has often been noted, but it has never been explained. As different as twenty-first century America is from the horse-and-buggy era origins of our bankruptcy laws, Skeel shows that the same political factors continue to shape our unique response to financial distress. Probing the political dynamics behind this question, David Skeel provides a complete account of the remarkable journey American bankruptcy law has taken from its beginnings in 1800, when Congress lifted the country's first bankruptcy code right out of English law, to the present day. Skeel shows that the confluence of three forces that emerged over many years - an organized creditor lobby, pro-debtor ideological currents, and an increasinly powerful bankruptcy bar - explains the distinctive contours of American bankruptcy law. Their interplay, he argues, has seen efforts to legislate bankruptcy become a compelling battle royale between bankers and lawyers - one in which the bankers recently seem to have gained the upper hand. Skeel demonstrates, for example, that a fiercely divided bankruptcy commission and the 1994 Republican takeover of Congress have yielded the recent, ideologically charged battles over consumer bankruptcy