Daring and caution in Turkish strategic culture : republic at sea

Mufti argues that Turkey's security policy is dominated by an insular and risk-averse 'Republican' strategic culture paradigm, that this paradigm has fallen into crisis, bringing some of its core elements in conflict with others, and that this crisis has permitted the reassertion of a more cosmopolitan and risk-taking 'Imperial' counter-paradigm. Daring and Caution in Turkish Strategic Culture investigates the determinants of Turkey's security policy. It argues that Turkish policy has been dominated by a 'Republican' strategic culture paradigm which is risk-averse, minimalist, insular, and suspicious of the outside world; that exogenous social developments have plunged that dominant paradigm into crisis since the 1980s, bringing some of its core elements (such as upholding the Kemalist order at home) into conflict with other core elements (for example, avoiding dangerous entanglements abroad); and that this has permitted the reassertion of an equally enduring 'Imperial' counter-paradigm which is risk-taking, acquisitive, cosmopolitan, and willing to engage with foreign actors. Detailed case studies of key episodes during the past two decades illustrate how the interplay of the contending paradigms explains the unprecedented assertiveness of Turkish security behavior in recent years, and suggest more general conclusions regarding the role of culture and statecraft in policy formulation during times of flux Cover......Page 1 Contents......Page 8 Acknowledgments......Page 10 Introduction......Page 12 Part I: Taking Root......Page 18 Russian expansion......Page 20 Western ambivalence......Page 21 Domestic dysfunction......Page 22 Into the inferno......Page 25 Atatürk innovates: Peace at Home, Peace in the World......Page 28 The CHP legislates: the Six Arrows......Page 33 3 Cracks in the Edifice......Page 40 The counter-paradigm surfaces......Page 41 Domestic strains......Page 47 External strains......Page 52 Part II: Taking Sail......Page 58 4 Turgut Özal and the Gates of Desire......Page 60 The TAF in crisis......Page 61 Özal......Page 69 Iraq (1990–1991)......Page 76 Aftermath......Page 91 Part III: Floundering......Page 96 Toward the open seas?......Page 98 The second time as farce......Page 104 Iraq......Page 108 Iran......Page 113 Syria and Israel......Page 116 Turkey and Russia in the Caucasus: back to imperial competition?......Page 120 The Balkans......Page 129 Dogmatic Islamism: the rise and fall of Necmettin Erbakan......Page 134 Unbridled commercialism: Mesut Yilmaz......Page 140 Indian summer: Bülent Ecevit's last term as prime minister......Page 148 Identity politics returns......Page 160 Iraq again......Page 162 Strategic options......Page 167 Democratic Islamism......Page 175 Republican choices......Page 178 Conclusion: A Second Sailing?......Page 184 Appendix: National Election Results......Page 190 Notes......Page 191 Bibliography......Page 219 List of Interviewees......Page 232 A......Page 233 C......Page 234 D......Page 235 G......Page 236 I......Page 237 K......Page 238 M......Page 239 O......Page 240 R......Page 241 T......Page 242 U......Page 243 Z......Page 244 Machine generated contents note: PART I: TAKING ROOTImperial LegaciesRepublican FoundationsCracks in the EdificePART II: TAKING SAILTurgut zal and the Gates of DesirePART III: FLOUNDERINGThe Years of Living DangerouslyDead EndsParadigm CrisisConclusion: A Second Sailing?Appendix: National Election Results PART I: TAKING ROOTImperial LegaciesRepublican FoundationsCracks in the EdificePART II: TAKING SAILTurgut zal and the Gates of DesirePART III: FLOUNDERINGThe Years of Living DangerouslyDead EndsParadigm CrisisConclusion: A Second Sailing?Appendix: National Election Results. "Malik argues that Turkeys security policy is dominated by an insular and risk-averse 'Republican' strategic culture paradigm, that this paradigm has fallen into crisis, bringing some of its core elements in conflict with others, and that this crisis has permitted the reassertion of a more cosmopolitan and risk-taking 'Imperial' counter-paradigm"--Provided by publisher.