Cytotoxins And Immunotoxins For Cancer Therapy: Clinical Applications (pharmaceutical Science Series)

Recent advances in cytotoxins and immunotoxins are accelerating our understanding of cancer and leading to more effective therapeutic treatments. Although a large number of articles have been published on these cytotoxins and immunotoxins, this important information has yet to be compiled into one comprehensive resource.For the first time, Cytotoxins and Immunotoxins for Cancer Therapy: Clinical Applications presents state-of-the-art information on various cytotoxins and immunotoxins in a single, highly anticipated publication. The editors bring together leading researchers to summarize their work and discuss clinical trial data concerning some of the most widely studied tumors. The book describes Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE)-based immunotoxins and presents the latest results from clinical trials for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma and other human cancers. It reviews the role of ricin-based immunotoxins for the treatment of lymphoma, explores several DT-based immunotoxins, and details the preclinical and clinical development of the first FDA-approved cytotoxin. With a focus on clinical developmental approaches to the use of cytotoxins and immunotoxins, this book discusses exciting possibilities for cancer therapy. It is a valuable resource for scientists, researchers, and clinicians involved in the development of new treatments that can help keep cancer under control, and may ultimately lead to a cure. Content: SYSTEMS -- Biomaterials and Biosensors / Tony Cass -- Amperometric Biosensors -- Amyloid Protein Biomaterials -- Biofabrication -- Calcium Phosphate-Derived Biomaterials -- Carbon Nanotubes as Biomaterials -- Cell Sensing with Raman Spectroscopy -- Dendrimers for Drug Delivery -- Implantable Amperometric Biosensors -- Laser Processing of Biomaterials and Cells -- Molecularly Imprinted Polymers -- Nanoparticles for Drug and Gene Delivery -- Nanowire Biosensors -- Polymeric Heart Valves -- Polysaccharide Biomaterials -- Potentiometric Biosensors -- Protein Design for Biosensors -- Retinal Prosthesis -- Segmented Flow Microfluidics -- Carbohydrates / Elizabeth Hounsell -- Anomeric Effect in Sugars -- Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide, OPS, and Lipid A -- Bacterial Polysaccharide Structure and Biosynthesis -- Capillary Electrophoresis of Cell Metabolism -- Carbohydrate Antibiotics -- Carbohydrate Circular Dichroism -- Carbohydrate Enzymology -- Carbohydrate Molecular Dynamics: Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides, and Glycoconjugates -- Carbohydrate NMR Spectroscopy -- Carbohydrate Nomenclature -- Carbohydrate Surfactants -- Cellulose -- Glycan-to-Protein Linkages -- Glycoconjugates in Cell Function and Therapeutics -- (Glyco)Protein Folding Disorders -- Glycoproteins -- Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) -- Glycosphingolipids -- Glycosylated Natural Products -- Glycosylation in Metabolism -- Glycosylphosphatidylinositol -- Lectins -- Mucin Biophysics -- Pectin Biophysics -- Polysaccharides: Biophysical Properties -- Proteoglycans -- Synthetic Cell Biology (in the Context of Carbohydrates) -- Techniques Applied to Glycan Structure and Conformation -- X-Ray Diffraction and Crystallography of Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides -- Electron Transfer / Victor L. Davidson -- Bacterial Globins -- Bacterial Respiratory Chains -- Bacterial Respiratory Oxygen Reductases -- Chlorophylls and Light-Harvesting Complexes -- Coupled Electron Transfer -- Cupredoxins -- Cytochrome b6 f Complex -- Cytochrome c Oxidase (Complex IV) -- Cytochromes -- Dynamic Docking -- Electron Hopping in Biomolecules -- Electron Transfer Cofactors -- Electron Transfer Flavoproteins -- Electron Transfer in Catalases and Catalase-Peroxidases -- Electron Transfer Proteins: Overview -- Electron Transfer Theory -- Electron Transfer Through Proteins -- Electron Transport in Facultative Anaerobes -- Electron Transport in Strict Anaerobes -- Flavins -- Gated Electron Transfer -- Glutathione -- Heme Peroxidases -- Hemes -- Iron-Sulfur Clusters -- Mitochondrial Electron Transport -- NADH-Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase (Complex I) -- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) -- Oxidative Stress -- Photosynthetic Electron Transport -- Photosystem I -- Photosystem II -- Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer -- Pyranopterins -- Quinone Cofactors -- Reactive Oxygen Species -- Redox Potential -- Succinate Dehydrogenase (Complex II) -- Superoxide Dismutases -- Thioredoxins -- Ubiquinol-Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase (Complex III) -- Ion Channels / John S. Mitcheson and Peter Stanfield -- Analysis of Macroscopic Currents -- Automated Patch Clamp: Advantages and Limitations -- Bioelectricity, Ionic Basis ofMembrane Potentials and Propagation of Voltage Signals -- Calcium Activation of K+ Channels: RCK Domains -- CFTR, an Ion Channel Evolved from ABC Transporter -- CLC Channels and Transporters -- Computational Modeling of Neuronal Networks -- Cut-Open Oocyte Voltage-Clamp Technique -- Dynamic Clamp: Synthetic Conductances and Their Influence on Membrane Potential -- ENAC, Degenerins, ASICs, and Related Channels -- Fluorescence Techniques for Studying Ion Channel Gating: VCF, FRET, and LRET -- Gap Junction Proteins (Connexins, Pannexins, and Innexins) -- Gating of Potassium Channels by Cyclic Nucleotide Binding -- HCN Channels: Biophysics and Functional Relevance -- Ion Channel Regulation by G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: Recent Advances with Optical Biosensors -- Ion Channels: New Tools to Track Cyclic Nucleotide Changes in Living Cells -- KATP and Sulfonylurea Receptor -- Mechanosensitivity of Ion Channels -- Modeling the Heart -- N-Type Inactivation in Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels -- P2X Receptors for ATP: Molecular Properties and Functional Roles -- Patch-Clamp Recording of Single Channel Activity: Acquisition and Analysis -- Potassium Channel Selectivity and Gating at the Selectivity Filter: Structural Basis -- Potassium Channels: Their Physiological and Molecular Diversity -- Reconstitution of Ion Channels from Intracellular Membranes and Bacteria Not Amenable to Conventional Electrophysiological Techniques -- Voltage-Dependent Gating of K+ Channels: Structural Basis -- Voltage-Gated Sodium and Calcium Channels -- Membrane Lipids / John M. Seddon -- Alkanols - Effects on Lipid Bilayers -- Atomic Force Microscopy of Lipid Membranes -- Brewster Angle Microscopy and Imaging Ellipsometry -- Chemical Diversity of Lipids -- Chemistry of Glycosphingolipids -- Critical Fluctuations in Lipid Mixtures -- Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Pressure Perturbation Calorimetry (PPC), and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) of Lipid Bilayers -- Diffraction Methods for Studying Transmembrane Pore Formation and Membrane Fusion -- Electron Microscopy of Membrane Lipids -- Essential Fatty Acids -- Fatty Acids, Alkanols, and Diacylglycerols -- Fluorescence and FRET in Membranes -- Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy of Lipids -- Functional Droplet Interface Bilayers -- Functional Roles of Lipids in Membranes -- Glycerolipids: Chemistry -- Hierarchically Structured Lipid Systems -- Infrared Spectroscopy of Membrane Lipids -- Lipid Bilayer Asymmetry -- Lipid Bilayer Lateral Pressure Profile -- Lipid Domains -- Lipid Flip-Flop -- Lipid Lateral Diffusion -- Lipid Mesophases for Crystallizing Membrane Proteins -- Lipid Organization, Aggregation, and Self-assembly -- Lipid Protocells -- Lipid Signaling and Phosphatidylinositols -- Lipid Trafficking in Cells -- Lipidomics -- Lipids: Isolation and Purification -- Lipopolysaccharides: Physical Chemistry -- Membrane Fluidity -- Membrane Lipid Electrostatics -- Membranes: A Field-Theoretic Description -- Micropipette Manipulation of Lipid Bilayer Membranes -- Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Lipids -- Neutron Scattering of Membranes -- NMR of Lipids -- Phase Transitions and Phase Behavior of Lipids -- Pressure Effects on Lipid Membranes -- Pressure Effects on Proteins -- Skin Lipids -- Sphingolipids and Gangliosides -- Supported Lipid Bilayers -- Thermodynamics of Lipid Interactions -- X-Ray Scattering of Lipid Membranes -- Membrane Proteins / Anthony Watts -- Membrane Protein Function -- Membrane Proteins: Structure and Organization -- Motors: Myosin, Kinesin and Dynein / Dilson Rassier -- ATP-Driven Mechanical Work Performed by Molecular Motors -- Dynein Family Classification -- Dynein Motility: Mechanism -- Kinesin Superfamily Classification -- Kinesin: Fundamental Properties and Structure -- Myosin Family Classification -- Myosin: Fundamental Properties and Structure -- Myosin Work and Motility: Mechanism -- Rotating Cross-Bridge Model -- Protein Dynamics / Patrick J. Loria -- Computational Studies of Enzyme Motions -- Molecular Recognition: Lock-and-Key, Induced Fit, and Conformational Selection -- Multiple-Quantum NMR Spectroscopy: Detection of Slow Dynamics -- Protein Conformational Dynamics by Relaxation Dispersion -- Protein Dynamics and Allostery -- Protein Dynamics and Conformational Change from Site-Directed Spin Labeling and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- Protein Dynamics Studied with 1D and 2D Infrared Spectroscopy -- Protein Dynamics: Time-Resolved Spectroscopic Studies -- Protein-Ligand Dynamics -- Protein-Protein Interactions / Jacqueline M. Matthews -- Amyloid Formation -- Amyloid Formation in Bacteria -- Amyloid Inhibitors -- Bcl-2 Inhibitors -- Coupled Folding and Binding -- Domain Swapping -- Double-Mutant Cycle Analysis -- Functional Amyloid -- Heteromeric Versus Homomeric Association of Protein Complexes -- Linear Motifs in Protein-Protein Interactions -- Macromolecular Crowding: Effects on Association Equilibria and Kinetics -- Mass Spectrometry: Mapping Large Stable Protein Complexes -- Mutagenic Scanning to Define Binding Hotspots -- Nutlins -- Plasticity at Protein-Protein Interaction Interfaces -- Post-Translational Modification of Histone Proteins -- Protein and Peptide Arrays -- Protein Complexes: Definitions of Obligate Versus Transitory (Strengths of Binding) -- Protein Phosphorylation -- Protein-Protein Interactions - Inhibition -- Protein-Protein Interactions - Interpreting Data from Large-Scale Screens -- Protein-Protein Interactions: Kinetics -- Regulation of Protein Surfaces Through Posttranslational Modification -- Statistical Analysis and Prediction of Protein-Protein Interactions and Binding Sites -- Ubiquitination -- Receptors / Ulrike Alexiev -- Channelrhodopsin -- Chemotaxis Receptor Arrays -- Dynamics of BMP Receptor Signaling -- Dynamics of Helix 8 in GPCR Function -- G Protein-Coupled Receptor Activation Based on X-ray Structural Studies -- LOV Proteins: Photobiophysics -- Molecular Simulations of NGF Protein -- Phytochrome Structure -- Rhodopsin Activation Based on Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy -- Rhodopsin - Stability and Characterization of Unfolded Structures -- Rhodopsin: Stability and Structural Organization in Membranes -- Rhodopsins - Intramembrane Signaling by Hydrogen Bonding -- Sensory Rhodopsin I -- Sensory Rhodopsin II: Signal Development and Transduction -- Transient Grating Spectroscopy: Dynamics of Photoreceptors -- Type I Interferon Receptor -- Rotary Motors / Judith Armitage -- ATP Synthase Structure -- ATP Synthases from Archaea: Structure and Function -- ATPase: Overview -- Bacterial Flagellar Motor: Biochemical and Structural Studies -- Bacterial Flagellar Motor: Biophysical Studies -- Bacterial Flagellar Motor: Overview -- Electron Microscopy of Motor Structure and Possible Mechanisms -- F1-ATPase: Fundamental Properties and Structure -- Flagellar Motor: Molecular Architecture In Situ -- Sodium-Driven Flagellar Motor: Structure and Mechanisms -- Vacuolar-Type ATPases in Animal and Plant Cells -- Transporters / Peter Henderson -- FucP, the L-Fucose-H+ Membrane Transport Protein and Related Transporters -- Glutamate Transporter Family -- H+-Lactose Membrane Transport Protein, LacY -- Membrane Transport Proteins: The Five-Helix Inverted Repeat Superfamily -- Membrane Transport Proteins: The Nucleobase-Cation-Symport-1 Family -- Membrane Transport Proteins: The Proton-Dependent Oligopeptide Transporter Family -- Membrane Transport, Energetics and Overview -- Mhp1, the Na+-Hydantoin Membrane Transport Protein -- Mitochondrial Transport Protein Family -- Mitochondrial Transport Protein Family: Structure -- Mitochondrial Transporters: Molecular Mechanism -- Nucleobase-Cation-Symport-2 Family and the Uracil: Proton Symporter, UraA -- Sodium-Substrate Symporter Family -- Substrate Capture by ABC Transporters -- SWEET Glucoside Transporter Superfamily -- TECHNIQUES -- Circular Dichroism and Related Techniques / Alison Rodger -- Circular Dichroism and Chirality -- Circular Dichroism Signals: Qualitative Description of Origins -- Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of Biomacromolecules -- Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy: Units -- DNA-Ligand Circular Dichroism -- DNA-Ligand Flow Linear Dichroism -- Far UV Protein Circular Dichroism -- Linear Dichroism -- Linear Dichroism Spectra - Measurement -- Linear Dichroism Spectroscopy: Theory -- Near UV Protein CD -- Nucleic Acid Circular Dichroism -- Nucleic Acid Linear Dichroism -- Oriented Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy -- Polarized Light, Linear Dichroism, and Circular Dichroism -- Protein Circular Dichroism Analysis -- Protein Circular Dichroism Data Bank -- Protein Circular Dichroism: Theoretical Aspects -- Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy -- Computational Studies of Enzyme Mechanisms / Adrian Mulholland -- 4-Oxalocrotonate Tautomerase - Computational Studies -- Acetylcholinesterase: Computational Studies -- Beta-Lactamases: Computational Studies -- Biliverdin IX-Beta Reductase: Computational Studies -- Carboxypeptidase A - Computational Studies -- Car-Parrinello Molecular Dynamics -- Chorismate Mutase - Computational Studies -- Citrate Synthase - Computational Studies -- Computational Enzymology -- Cyclooxygenase - Computational Studies -- Cysteine Dioxygenase - Computational Studies -- Cytochrome c Peroxidase - Computational Studies -- Cytochrome P450 - Computational Studies -- Differential Transition State Stabilization - Nonempirical Analysis -- Dihydrofolate Reductase - Computational Studies -- Drug Metabolism - Computational Studies of Mechanisms -- Empirical Valence Bond Methods -- Enzymatic Chlorination/Halogenation - Computational Studies -- Enzymatic Fluorination - Computational Studies -- Farnesyltransferase - Computational Studies -- Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase - Computational Studies -- Flavoenzyme Mechanisms: p-Hydroxybenzoate Hydroxylase and Phenol Hydroxylase - Computational Studies -- Glutathione S-Transferase - Computational Studies -- Glycoside Hydrolases - Computational Studies -- Hemagglutinin - Computational Studies -- Heme Dioxygenases - Computational Studies -- HIV Protease - Computational Studies -- HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase - Computational Studies on the Polymerase Active Site -- Influenza Neuraminidase - Computational Studies -- Insulin-Degrading Enzyme - Computational Studies -- Ketosteroid Isomerase - Computational Studies -- Lactate Dehydrogenase - Computational Studies -- Lysozyme - Computational Studies -- Manganese-Containing Arginase - Computational Studies -- Methylamine Dehydrogenase (MADH): Studies with Variational Transition State Theory (VTST) -- Nitric Oxide Synthase - Computational Studies -- ONIOM -- Peptide Synthesis on the Ribosome - Computational Studies -- Phosphatases - Computational Studies -- Phosphotriesterase - Computational Studies -- Protein Dynamics in Catalysis - Computational Studies -- Protein Lysine Methyltransferase - Computational Studies -- Protein Splicing - Computational Studies -- QM/MM Methods -- Quantum Chemical Cluster Approach to Modeling Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions -- Quantum Effects/Tunneling -- Ribonucleotide Reductase - Computational Studies -- Semiempirical Quantum Mechanical Methods -- Taurine/Alpha-Ketoglutarate Dioxygenase - Computational Studies -- Triosephosphate Isomerase - Computational Studies -- Zinc-Dependent Metalloenzymes - Computational Studies -- Diffraction Methods / Peter C. E. Moody -- Electron Diffraction -- Macromolecular Crystallography: Crystal Preparation -- Macromolecular Crystallography: Future of FELs for Structural Biology -- Macromolecular Crystallography: Overview -- Macromolecular Neutron Diffraction -- Molecular Replacement -- X-ray Fiber Diffraction -- Electron Microscopy / Kuniaki Nagayama -- 3D Electron Microscopy Based on Cryo-Electron Tomography -- Electron Cryo-microscopy of Molecular Machines -- Electron Crystallography of 2D Crystals -- Electron Microscopy: Classical Sample Preparation -- Electron Microscopy: Cryo-Preparation -- Phase Contrast Electron Microscopy -- Fluorescence Imaging / Alberto Diaspro -- Confocal Laser Scanning Fluorescence Microscopy -- Fluorescence Photoactivation Localization Microscopy -- Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching -- Fluorescence Three-Dimensional Optical Imaging -- Gated Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy (g-STED) -- Ground State Depletion Imaging -- Individual Molecule Localization Techniques -- Optical Fluorescence Microscopy -- Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy (SHG) -- Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM) -- Single Particle Tracking -- Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy -- Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy -- Two-Photon Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy -- Two-Photon Excitation Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy -- Fluorescence Spectroscopy / Alberto Diaspro -- Flavin Mononucleotide-Binding Fluorescent Proteins -- Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching -- Fluorescence: General Aspects -- Individual Molecule Localization Techniques -- Photochromic F€orster Energy Transfer -- Kinetics / Clive R. Bagshaw -- Continuous Flow -- Flash Photolysis -- Kinetic Isotope Effects -- Kinetics: Overview -- Kinetics: Relaxation Methods -- Kinetics: Simulation and Analysis -- Kinetics: Single-Molecule Techniques -- Law of Mass Action -- NMR Methods for Kinetic Analysis -- Order of Reaction -- Quenched-Flow Methods -- Solid-Phase Detection Techniques -- Steady-State Enzyme Kinetics -- Stopped-Flow Techniques -- Transient-State Kinetic Methods -- Mass Spectrometry / Neil J. Oldham -- Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry - Principles -- Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry: Biological Applications -- Mass Analysis -- Mass Spectrometry in Proteomics -- Mass Spectrometry of N-Linked Carbohydrates and Glycoproteins -- Mass Spectrometry: Application to Protein-Ligand Interactions -- Mass Spectrometry: Methods of Ionization (Applied to Biopolymers) -- Protein-Protein Interactions Studied by Mass Spectrometry -- Metalloprotein EPR / Richard Cammack -- DEER of Metalloproteins -- EPR and ENDOR of Radicals and Metalloproteins in Biological Systems -- EPR Spectroscopy: General Principles -- Pulsed ENDOR and ESEEM: Principles and Examples of Applications to Heme Proteins -- Pulsed EPR: Principles and Examples of Applications to Hemeproteins -- Simulation of Transition-Metal EPR Spectra -- Spin-Trapping: Theory and Applications -- Molecular Dynamics Simulation / Helmut Grubmüller -- Fluxes Through Channels and Pores -- Markov Models of Molecular Kinetics -- Protein Folding Studied with Molecular Dynamics Simulation -- Reaction Paths and Rates -- Molecular Shape and Hydrodynamics / Stephen E. Harding -- Complement Factor H and Its Ligands: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Interactions and Modeling -- Composition-Gradient Multiangle Light Scattering -- Crystallohydrodynamics of IgG -- Dynamics of Colloids and Macromolecules -- Electro-optics and Macromolecular Hydrodynamics -- Electrophoretic Light Scattering -- Ellips and Covol -- HYDFIT and Related Packages for Linear Molecules -- HYDRO Suite of Computer Programs for Solution Properties of Rigid Macromolecules -- Hydrodynamic Modeling of Carbohydrate Polymers -- Hydrodynamics of Macromolecules: Conformation Zoning for General Macromolecules -- Hydrodynamics of Nucleic Acids: Modeling Overall Conformation and Dynamics -- Intrinsic Viscosity -- Multiangle Light Scattering from Separated Samples (MALS with SEC or FFF) -- Sedimentation Equilibrium Analytical Ultracentrifugation -- Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation -- Small Angle Neutron Scattering -- Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) Software -- Small Angle X-ray Scattering -- Small-Angle X-Ray Solution Scattering: Software Tools for Biological Structure Analysis -- Thermodynamics and Thermodynamic Nonideality -- US-SOMO: Methods for Construction and Hydration of Macromolecular Hydrodynamic Models -- Single Molecule Methods / Nils G. Walter -- Angular Optical Trapping -- Anti-Brownian Traps -- Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for Topography and Recognition Imaging at Single Molecule Level -- Atomic Force Spectroscopy -- DNA Curtains -- Dual-Beam Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy -- Dual-Beam Optical Tweezers -- Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy -- Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy -- Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy -- Fluorescence Imaging with One Nanometer Accuracy -- Fluorescence Labeling of Nucleic Acids -- Force-Fluorescence Spectroscopy -- Hidden Markov Modeling in Single-Molecule Biophysics -- High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) -- Live-Cell Single-Molecule Imaging -- Magnetic Tweezers -- Microfluidics for Single Molecule Detection -- Nanodroplet Confinement -- Optical Tweezers -- Phospholipid Bilayer Nanodiscs: Application to Single-Molecule Measurements -- Photoactivated Localization Microscopy (PALM) -- Single Fluorophore Blinking -- Single Fluorophore Photobleaching -- Single-Molecule Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer -- Single-Molecule High-Resolution Colocalization (SHREC) -- Single-Molecule High-Resolution Imaging with Photobleaching (SHRImP) -- Single-Molecule RNA FISH -- Single-Molecule Sequencing -- Single-Particle Tracking -- Site-Specific Protein Labeling for Single-Molecule Fluorescence Studies -- Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) -- Surface Passivation for Single Molecule Detection -- Surface-Tethered Lipid Vesicles -- Tethered Particle Microscopy -- Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy for Single-Molecule Studies -- Worm-Like Chain (WLC) Model -- Zero-Mode Waveguides -- Solid State NMR / Stanley J. Opella -- J-Based NMR Correlation Spectroscopy of Biological Solids -- M2 Proton Channel from Influenza A: Example of Structural Sensitivity to Environment -- Magic Angle Spinning Solid-State NMR on Proteins -- Membrane Proteins in Phospholipid Bilayers: Structure Determination by Solid-State NMR -- Oriented-Sample NMR of Membrane Proteins: Sensitivity Enhancement and Spectroscopic Assignment -- Solid-State NMR Structural Studies of Outer Membrane Proteins -- Transmembrane Helix Orientation and Dynamics -- Solution State NMR / Mitsu Ikura -- Assignment of 19F Resonances in Protein Solution State NMR Studies -- BMRB -- Cell-Free Protein Production -- Chemical Shift Index -- CNS (Crystallography and NMR System) -- CPMG -- Cross Saturation/Transferred Cross Saturation (TCS) -- Cross-Correlated Relaxation -- Cryogenic NMR Probes -- CYANA -- Flow NMR -- Fragment Screen -- H/D Exchange -- HADDOCK -- High-Pressure NMR -- Hyperfine Shifts -- In-Cell NMR -- INEPT -- Spin-label EPR / Heinz-Jürgen Steinhoff -- Chemistry of Spin Labeling -- Interspin Distance Determination by EPR -- Simulation of Spin-Label EPR Spectra -- Spin Labeling of DNA and RNA -- Spin-Labeling EPR of Lipid Membranes -- Spin-Labeling EPR of Proteins: Dynamics and Water Accessibility of Spin-Label Side Chains -- Thermodynamics / John E. Ladbury -- Thermodynamics of Biomolecular Interactions -- UV/visible Absorption Spectroscopy / Alison Rodger -- Absorbance Spectroscopy: Overview -- Absorbance Spectroscopy: Quality Assurance -- Absorbance Spectroscopy: Spectral Artifacts and Other Sources of Error -- Absorption Spectroscopy and Transition Polarizations: Pictorial Description -- Absorption Spectroscopy to Determine Macromolecule Structural Changes -- Absorption Spectroscopy to Probe Ligand Binding -- Absorption Spectroscopy: Practical Aspects -- Absorption Spectroscopy: Relationship of Transition Type to Molecular Structure -- Beer-Lambert Law Derivation -- Concentration Determination Using Beer-Lambert Law -- DNA-Ligand Circular Dichroism -- DNA-Ligand Flow Linear Dichroism -- Protein Concentration Determination Using Dyes and Beer-Lambert Law -- UV Absorbance Spectroscopy of Biological Macromolecules -- Vibrational Spectroscopy / Andreas Barth -- Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy -- Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) -- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Biophysical Applications: Technical Aspects -- Infrared Spectroscopy of Cells, Tissues, and Biofluids -- Infrared Spectroscopy of DNA -- Infrared Spectroscopy of Protein Dynamics: H/D Exchange -- Infrared Spectroscopy of Protein Dynamics: Ultrafast Kinetics -- Infrared Spectroscopy of Protein Folding, Misfolding and Aggregation -- Infrared Spectroscopy of Protein Structure -- Infrared Spectroscopy Using Synchrotron Radiation -- Infrared Spectroscopy: Data Analysis -- Isotope Edited Raman and Infrared Difference Spectroscopy Studies of Protein Structure -- Molecular Vibrations and Their Interaction with Electromagnetic Radiation -- Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Biological Molecules and Tissues -- Nonlinear Raman Spectroscopy: Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) -- Optical Spectroscopy: Future Fourier Transform Spectroscopy -- Polarized Infrared Spectroscopy -- QM/MM Calculations of Vibrational Spectra -- Quantum Mechanical Simulations of Biopolymer Vibrational Spectra -- Raman Optical Activity Studies of Structure and Behavior of Biomolecules -- Raman Spectroscopic Instrumentation, Experimental Considerations -- Raman Spectroscopy and Microscopy of Cells and Tissues -- Reaction-Induced Infrared Difference Spectroscopy -- Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Protein-Cofactor Complexes -- Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy -- Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy -- Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Bioanalytics -- Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy in Electron Transfer Studies -- Terahertz Spectroscopy: Protein Dynamics -- Terahertz Spectroscopy: Solvation of Biomolecules -- Ultrafast Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy of Proteins -- Ultraviolet Resonance Raman (UVRR) Spectroscopy Studies of Structure and Dynamics of Proteins -- Vibrational Circular Dichroism of Biopolymers -- Vibrational Spectroscopy with Neutrons -- Vibrational Spectroscopy, A Short History of -- X-ray Spectroscopy / Graham George -- X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Metals in Biology -- X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging: Elemental and Chemical Speciation Mapping of Biological Systems. Abstract: This resource details a wide range of methods in biophysics, examining the value and the limitations of the information each provides. It also describes biophysical approaches to particular biological systems or problems. Read more... The Encyclopedia of Biophysics is envisioned both as an easily accessible source of information and as an introductory guide to the scientific literature. It includes entries describing both Techniques and Systems. In the Techniques entries, each of the wide range of methods which fall under the heading of Biophysics are explained in detail, together with the value and the limitations of the information each provides. Techniques covered range from diffraction (X-ray, electron and neutron) through a wide range of spectroscopic methods (X-ray, optical, EPR, NMR) to imaging (from electron microscopy to live cell imaging and MRI), as well as computational and simulation approaches.In the Systems entries, biophysical approaches to specific biological systems or problems - from protein and nucleic acid structure to membranes, ion channels and receptors - are described. These sections, which place emphasis on the integration of the different techniques, therefore provide an inroad into Biophysics from a biological more than from a technique-oriented physical/chemical perspective. Thus the Encyclopedia is intended to provide a resource both for biophysicists interested in methods beyond those used in their immediate sub-discipline and for those readers who are approaching biophysics from either a physical or biological background. Read more...