Cytopathology of Infectious Diseases (Essentials in Cytopathology, 17)

Cytopathology of Infectious Diseases is the first book of its kind to focus entirely on the cytopathology of infectious diseases. It contains all of the pertinent information about the cytology of infectious diseases and microorganisms and will serve as an ideal handy reference. This unique volume covers the cytomorphology of various microorganisms and the host reactions they elicit, and also incorporates an update on advances in the field. Newly recognized infections such as the recent discovery of the Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCV) are included, as well as the utility of new immunostains (e.g. CM2B4 for MCV) and the role of molecular techniques that assist in the identification, classification and even quantification of microorganisms. Each chapter is succinctly written and concisely referenced with key published articles and resources. The volume includes practical pointers, useful diagnostic criteria, differential diagnoses and potential pitfalls. Many color images of high resolution that illustrate microorganisms (e.g. branching hyphae) and host reactions (e.g. viral cytopathic effect) are included throughout. Relevant tables with diagrams that provide quick reference guides are incorporated. Cytopathology of Infectious Diseases will serve as a valuable reference tool for cytopathologists, anatomical/clinical pathologists, cytotechnologists, pathology residents and cytopathology fellows. Cytopathology of Infectious Diseases Foreword Series Preface Contents Contributors 1: Introduction Suggested Reading 2: Specimen Collection and Handling Specimen Type Specimen Sites Suggested Reading 3: Host Reactions to Infection Acute (Purulent) Inflammatory Response Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Eosinophilia and Allergic Mucin Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Granulomatous Inflammation Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Necrosis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Viral Cytopathic Effect Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Reactive Epithelial and Mesenchymal Repair Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Reactions with Impaired Cell-Mediated Immunity Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Hemophagocytosis and Emperipolesis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Ciliocytophthoria Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Xanthogranulomatous Inflammation Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Malakoplakia Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Inflammatory Pseudotumor Reaction Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Crystal Formation Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Splendore-Hoeppli Phenomenon Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Suggested Reading 4: Microbiology Viruses Papillomaviruses Herpesviruses Respiratory Viruses Polyomaviruses Poxviruses Retroviruses Miscellaneous Viruses Bacteria Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Mycobacteria Filamentous Bacteria Chlamydia Fungi Candida Cryptococcus Aspergillus Zygomycetes Dimorphic Fungi Pneumocystis Dematiaceous Fungi Dermatophytes Hyalohyphomycoses Parasites Protozoa Apicomplexans Helminths Algae Suggested Reading 5: Gynecological Infections Inflammatory Changes Normal Flora Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Diagnostic Note Leptothrix vaginalis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Diagnostic Note Viral Infections Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Diagnostic Note Ancillary Tests Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Diagnostic Note Ancillary Tests Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Diagnostic Note Bacterial Infections Bacterial Vaginosis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Diagnostic Note Ancillary Tests Neisseria gonorrheae Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Diagnostic Note Ancillary Tests Actinomyces Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Diagnostic Note Ancillary Tests Granuloma Venereum Tuberculosis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Diagnostic Note Ancillary Tests Chlamydia trachomatis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Diagnostic Note Ancillary Tests Fungal Infections Candida Microbiology Clinical Features Cytolomorphogic Features Diagnostic Note Ancillary Tests Parasitic Infections Trichomonas vaginalis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Diagnostic Note Ancillary Tests Schistosomiasis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Diagnostic Note Ancillary Tests Enterobius vermicularis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Diagnostic Note Ancillary Tests Insects Phthirus pubis Suggested Reading 6: Pulmonary Infections Viral Infections Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Adenovirus Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Parainfluenza Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Measles Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Bacterial Infections Actinomyces Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Nocardia Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Tuberculosis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Legionella Fungal Infections Candidiasis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Histoplasmosis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Blastomycosis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Cryptococcosis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Coccidioidomycosis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Aspergillosis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis) Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Pneumocystis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Parasitic Infections Dirofilariasis Strongyloidiasis Paragonimiasis Toxoplasma gondii Entamoeba Echinococcosis (Hydatid Disease) Pleural Infections and Empyema Suggested Reading 7: Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Infections Gastrointestinal Infections Fungal Esophagitis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Herpes Simplex Viruses Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Cytomegalovirus Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Helicobacter pylori Gastritis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Cryptosporidiosis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Giardiasis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Microsporidiosis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Mycobacterium avium Complex Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Anal Pap Test Intra-Abdominal Infections Liver Abscess Pancreatitis Hydatid Disease Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Peritoneal Effusion with Infection Suggested Reading 8: Urinary Tract Infections Kidney Infections Acute Pyelonephritis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Chronic Pyelonephritis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis and Ancillary Studies Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis (XPN) Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Renal Tuberculosis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Fungal Kidney Infections Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Urinary Bladder Infections Bacterial Cystitis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Malakoplakia Viral Infections BK Polyomavirus Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Fungal Infections Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Parasites Schistosomiasis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Trichomoniasis Male Genital Tract Infections Urethritis Suggested Reading 9: Central Nervous System Infections Acute Bacterial Meningitis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Viral Meningitis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Mollaret Meningitis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Tuberculous Meningitis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Cryptococcal Meningitis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Blastomycosis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Brain Abscess Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Shunt Infections Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Neurosyphilis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Toxoplasmosis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Neurocysticercosis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Angiostrongyliasis Microbiology Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Suggested Reading 10: Hematologic Infections Lymph Node Infections Acute Suppurative Lymphadenitis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Cat Scratch Lymphadenitis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Lymphogranuloma Venereum Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Granulomatous Lymphadenitis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Fungal Lymphadenitis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Toxoplasma Lymphadenitis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Leishmania Lymphadenitis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Herpes Simplex Virus Lymphadenitis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Infectious Mononucleosis Lymphadenitis (EBV Related Lymphadenopathy) Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Cytomegaloviral (CMV) Lymphadenitis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies HIV-Associated Lymphadenopathy Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Spleen Infections Bacilliary Peliosis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Splenitis and Splenic Abscess Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Mycobacterial Infection Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Infectious Mononucleosis Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Hydatid Cyst Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Suggested Reading 11: Breast, Skin, and Musculoskeletal Infections Breast Infections Acute Mastitis and Abscess Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Ancillary Studies Chronic and Granulomatous Mastitis Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Ancillary Studies Parasitic Breast Infections Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Leprosy Clinical Features Cytomorphologic Features Differential Diagnosis Ancillary Studies Cutaneous Mycoses Cutaneous Parasites Bone and Joint Infections Bacillary Angiomatosis Cytomorphologic Features Ancillary Studies Suggested Reading 12: Head and Neck Infections Salivary Gland Infections Acute Sialadenitis Cytomorphologic Features Ancillary Studies Chronic Sialadenitis Cytomorphologic Features Ancillary Studies Granulomatous Sialadenitis Cytomorphologic Features Ancillary Studies Thyroid Gland Infections Oropharyngeal Infections Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Cytomorphologic Features Ancillary Studies Cervicofacial Actinomycosis Cytomorphologic Features Ancillary Studies Oral Candidiasis Cytomorphologic Features Ancillary Studies Sinonasal Infections Rhinoscleroma Rhinosporidiosis Infected Embryologic Cysts Eye Infections Viral Ophthalmic Infections Chlamydial Eye Infection Bacterial Eye Infection Fungal Eye Infection Parasitic Eye Infection Ear Infections Suggested Reading 13: Immunosuppressed Host Transplantation Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-Related Disease Cervicovaginal Disease Anal Disease Lymphadenopathy Oropharyngeal Disease Salivary Gland Lesions Lymphoproliferative Disorders Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD) AIDS-Related Lymphomas (ARL) Plasmablastic Lymphoma Human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV8)-Associated Lymphomas Hodgkin Lymphoma Central Nervous System Disease Pulmonary Disease Renal Disease Spindle Cell Lesions Suggested Reading 14: Ancillary Investigations Routine Cytology Stains Papanicolaou (Pap) Stain Romanowsky Stains Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Stain Toluidine Blue Cell Blocks Special Stains Wet Mount Preparation Bacterial Stains Gram Stain Stains for Helicobacter pylori Warthin-Starry Stain Acid-Fast Stains for Mycobacteria (AFB) Fungal Stains Stains for Rickettsia Stains for Viruses Stains for Parasites Immunocytochemistry In Situ Hybridization Fluorescent Stains Flow Cytometry Serology Signal Amplification Assay Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Electron Microscopy (EM) Culture and Sensitivity Suggested Reading 15: Mimics and Contaminants Mimics of Viral Infection Ancillary Studies Mimics of Bacterial Infection Ancillary Studies Mimics of Fungal Infection Ancillary Studies Mimics of Parasitic Infection Ancillary Studies Plant Contaminants and Mimics Ancillary Studies Animal Contaminants and Mimics Ancillary Studies Suggested Reading Index