Cytokines of the Lung (Lung Biology in Health and Disease)

Focusing on all the major cytokine families, this reference book provides coverage of cytokine regulatory processes in the lung and other tissues and comprehensive descriptions of cytokine functions specific to the lung.;Discussing the diverse cytokine-binding proteins and the role of cytokines in tissue injury and repair processes and extracellular matrix regulations, the book supplies information on amino acid structure and gene regulatory sequences, examines the receptor biology of individual cytokines, illustrates cytokine interactions with their cognate receptors and surveys the phenotypic effects of individual cytokines on target cells. With over 2700 literature citations and figures, this book is a resource for pulmonologists, physiologists, immunologists, cell and molecular biologists, environmental toxicologists, oncologists, and graduate-level and medical school students in these disciplines. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Introduction Preface Contributors Table of Contents Part I: Mitogenic Cytokines 1: Platelet-Derived Growth Factor I. Introduction II. Protein Structure III. Gene Structure, Organization, and Processing IV. PDGF Receptors V. Biological Properties of PDGFs VI. Cellular Sources of PDGF VII. Regulation of PDGF VIII. PDGF in Lung Disease IX. Conclusions References 2: Fibroblast Growth Factors I. Introduction II. History of FGFs III. Structural Properties IV. FGF Receptors V. Interaction with Extracellular Matrix VI. Biological Properties VII. The Role of FGFs in Tumor Formation VIII. FGFs in Lung Biology References 3: Insulin-Like Growth Factors I. Introduction II. IGF Peptides III. IGF Genes and Transcripts IV. IGF Receptors V. IGF-Binding Proteins VI. Actions of IGFs VII. Role of IGFs in Fetal Growth VIII. Role of IGFs in Postnatal Growth IX. IGFs and Lung X. Summary References 4: Transforming Growth Factor-ß I. Introduction II. The TGF-ß Family of Proteins III. Biosynthesis of TGF-ß IV. Gene Structure of TGF-ßs V. Control of TGF-ß Gene Expression VI. Autoinduction of TGF-ß Gene Expression VII. Activation of TGF-ß Protein VIII. Receptors for TGF-ß IX. Signaling Pathways for TGF-ß X. TGF-ß as a Mitogen XI. Antiproliferative Effects of TGF-ß XII. TGF-ß and Extracellular Matrix XIII. Interactions Between TGF-ß and Other Cytokines XIV. TGF-ß and the Immune System XV. TGF-ß in Monocyte-Macrophages, Granulocytes, and Mast Cells XVI. TGF-ß in Fibroblasts XVII. Assays for TGF-ß XVIII. TGF-ß in Lung XIX. TGF-ß in Remodeling and Fibrosis XX. Future Directions References 5: Transforming Growth Factor-a and Epidermal Growth Factor I. Introduction II. The Growth Factor Precursor Molecules III. The Growth Factor Genes IV. Structure–Function Relationships of the Growth Factors V. The EGF Receptor VI. Biological Responses to TGF-a and EGF VII. The Role of TGF-a and EGF in Lung Development VIII. The Role of TGF-a and EGF in Pulmonary Neoplasia IX. The Role of TGF-a and EGF in Lung Repair X. Conclusion References Part II: Proinflammatory Cytokines 6: lnterleukin-1 I. Introduction II. Historical Perspective III. Structure IV. Synthesis V. IL-l Receptor VI. Signal Transduction VII. IL-1 Inhibitors VIII. IL-1 Effects IX. Interactions with Other Cytokines X. IL-1 and the Lung XI. Summary References 7: lnterleukin-6 and the Lung I. Introduction II. The IL-6 Protein III. The IL-6 Gene. Structure and Regulation IV. The IL-6 Receptor V. Biological Effects of IL-6 VI. IL-6 in Human Homeostasis VII. IL-6 in the Lung VIII. Summary References 8: Interleukin-8 I. Introduction II. Chemotactic Factors III. Isolation of IL-8 IV. Structure of IL-8 V. IL-8 Supergene Family VI. Physicochemical and Biological Effects of IL-8 VII. IL-8 Receptor and Signal Transduction VIII. Cytokine Networks and the Expression of IL-8 IX. Regulation of IL-8 X. The Potential Role of IL-8 in Pulmonary Disease References 9: Tumor Necrosis Factor I. The Tumor Necrosis Factors. Historical Review II. TNF as a Mediator of Local Inflammation and Septic Shock III. Pulmonary Sources of TNF Production IV. Target Cells for TNF within the Lung V. The Proinflammatory Role of TNF in the Lung In Vivo VI. Down-Regulation of TNF VII. Summary and Future Directions References 10: Enzyme-Releasing Peptide I. Introduction II. Neutrophil Granule Enzymes and Their Release III. The Enzyme-Releasing Peptide IV. Other Similar Agents V. Conclusion References 11: Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 I. Introduction II. Isolation, Cloning, and Preliminary Characterization of MIP-1 Peptides Ill. Cloning and Characterization of MIP-1a and MIP-1ß cDNAs IV. Proinflammatory Nature of MIP-1 V. Modulatory Effects of MIP-1 on Hematopoietic Cell Development VI. Preliminary Receptor Characterization of the MIP-1a and MIP-1ß Receptors VII. Conclusions References Part III: Cytokines in the Lung 12: Myeloid Growth Factors in the Lung I. Colony-Stimulating Factors II. Respiratory Cell-Derived CSFs III. Effects of CSFs on Immature Inflammatory Cells IV. Effects of CSFs on Mature Inflammatory Cells V. Implications and Future Directions References 13: Fibroblast-Pneumonocyte Factor I. Introduction II. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions III. Fibroblast-Pneumonocyte Factor IV. Conclusion References 14: Cytokines and Alveolar Type II Cells I. Introduction II. Surfactant Synthesis III. Surfactant Secretion IV. Surfactant Proteins V. Type II Cell Proliferation VI. Production of Cytokines by Alveolar Type II Cells VII. Other Interactions of Cytokines and Type II Cells VIII. Conclusions References Part IV: Cytokines With Special Effects 15: Cytokine-Binding Proteins I. Introduction II. Cytokine-α-Macroglobulin Interactions III. The Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins IV. Other Cytokine-Binding Proteins V. Cytokine-Binding Proteins in Lung Disease VI. Conclusions References 16: Cytokine Effects on Extracellular Matrix I. Introduction II. Extracellular Matrix in the Normal Lung Ill. Extracellular Matrix in the Abnormal Lung IV. Direct Effects of Cytokines on Extracellular Matrix Synthesis V. Indirect Effects of Cytokines on Extracellular Matrix Production VI. Summary VII. Perspectives and Future Directions References Author Index Subject Index Platelet-derived Growth Factor / James P. Fabisiak And Jason Kelley -- Fibroblast Growth Factors / David Moscatelli -- Insulin-like Growth Factors / Alan D. Stiles, Billie M. Moats-staats And George Z. Retsch-bogart -- Transforming Growth Factor-[beta] / Jason Kelley -- Transforming Growth Factor-[alpha] And Epidermal Growth Factor / David K. Madtes -- Interleukin-1 / Timothy R. Aksamit And Gary W. Hunninghake -- Interleukin-6 And The Lung / Ralph J. Zitnick And Jack A. Elias -- Interleukin-8 / Robert M. Strieter [and Others] -- Tumor Necrosis Factor / Thomas R. Ulich -- Enzyme-releasing Peptide / Allen B. Cohen, Edmund J. Miller And Cassandra Macarthur -- Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 / Barbara Sherry And Anthony Cerami -- Myeloid Growth Factors In The Lung / Jack Gauldie, Manel Jordana And Gerard Cox -- Fibroblast-pneumonocyte Factor / Barry T. Smith And Martin Post -- Cytokines And Alveolar Type Ii Cells / Ralph J. Panos -- Cytokine-binding Proteins / James C. Bonner And Arnold R. Brody -- Cytokine Effects On Extracellular Matrix / Ganesh Raghu And Michael Kinsella. Edited By Jason Kelley. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes. Focusing on the various major cytokine families, this book provides coverage of cytokine regulatory processes in the lung and other tissues and descriptions of cytokine functions specific to the lung. It offers information on amino acid structure and gene regulatory sequences, and examines the receptor biology of individual cytokines. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen and chemotactic agent, which is a cationic glycoprotein named subsequent to its discovery in granules of platelets (Raines et al., 1990).