Cytokines In Hemopoiesis, Oncology, And Aids Ii (v. 2)

This book is dealing with most recent advances in the field of cytokines in hemopoiesis, oncology and AIDS. It covers a wide range from basic research to clinical applications. Overviews on the biological role of cytokines are represented within the book as well as experiments with research on new cytokines and special effects of cytokines. The book will be of interestto hematologists and oncologists as well as imunologists who are engaged in the development of innovative therapy. It gives an overview on the most recent status of the discussion in this field. Front Matter....Pages i-li Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Cytokine Interactions in Hematopoiesis: An Introduction and Overview....Pages 3-13 The Role of Colony-Stimulating Factors in Infection....Pages 15-18 Physicochemical and Pharmacological Characterization of Interleukin-4: Implications for Clinical Utility....Pages 19-25 Interleukin-10: An Overview....Pages 27-30 Front Matter....Pages 31-31 In Vitro Modifications Induced by Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Human Long-Term Bone Marrow Cultures....Pages 33-38 The Addition of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor to Normal Bone Marrow Enhances Cell Cycle and Clonogenicity Irrespective of Cryopreservation....Pages 39-43 Effect of Biological Response Modifiers on Human Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection....Pages 45-51 Plasma Erythropoietic Activity and Hemopoiesis in Murine Postnatal Ontogenesis....Pages 53-58 In Vitro Modulation of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Induced Granulocyte Surface Markers by Pentoxifylline....Pages 59-64 Myeloperoxidase: Gene Demethylation and Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemias....Pages 65-75 Transduction of Neo r Gene into Stromal Precursor Cells of Hematopoietic Microenvironment by Retroviral Gene Transfer....Pages 77-83 Cytokine Involvement in Tumor Development and Tumor Suppression....Pages 87-92 Modulation of Growth of a Xenotransplanted Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line in Nude Mice Under the Influence of Systemic Recombinant Human GM-CSF....Pages 93-98 Influence of Interleukin-3, Granulocyte—Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on the Proliferation of Human and Murine Urothelial Tumor Cell Lines....Pages 99-106 Different Cytokines with Autocrine and Immunosuppressive Activities are Secreted by a Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line....Pages 107-113 Effects of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin on Clonogenic Growth of Primary Human Tumor Specimens in Vitro....Pages 115-125 Growth-Modulating Effects of Interleukin-lα, Interleukin-1β, and Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Clonogenic Tumor Cells In Vitro....Pages 127-134 Effects of Interleukin-4, Interleukin-5, and Interleukin-7 on Clonogenic Growth of Primary Human Tumors In Vitro....Pages 135-143 Effects of Interleukin-6 on Soft Agar Colony Formation of Primary Solid Tumor Specimens....Pages 145-151 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells Express and Secrete Significant Amounts of Transforming Growth Factor-β....Pages 153-156 Front Matter....Pages 31-31 In Vitro Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-1 Production in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia....Pages 157-161 Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Measured by Flow Cytometric Detection of Bromodeoxyuridine Incorporation....Pages 163-170 Mitogenic Effect of Human Stem Cell Factor Alone or in Combination with G-CSF, GM-CSF, and IL-3 on Fresh Leukemic Blasts from Patients with Stem Cell Factor Receptor-Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia....Pages 171-178 Effect of Interleukin-3 on Human Hematopoietic Progenitor and Precursor Cells in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes....Pages 179-184 Differential Response of Cytogenetically Abnormal Cell Clones in Myelodysplastic Syndromes to Cytokines in Vitro....Pages 185-193 The In Vitro Effect of Interferon-γ on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells....Pages 195-203 Simultaneous Measurement of Immunophenotype and DNA Content of Bone Marrow Cells....Pages 205-209 Cytokines in Hodgkin’s Disease....Pages 211-218 The Expression Pattern of Cytokine Genes and Cytokine Receptors by Hodgkin’s Disease-Derived Cell Lines HDLM-2 and KM-H2 Resembles That of Activated T Cells....Pages 219-230 Tumor Necrosis Factor and Lymphotoxin-Induced Signal Pathways....Pages 233-238 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Expression on Human Normal and Malignant B Lymphocytes: Anti-75-kDa Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Antibody Inhibits B-Cell Proliferation....Pages 239-246 Detection of Point Mutations Within the Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor Gene in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemias....Pages 247-253 Interleukin-2 Activates Nuclear Factor κB Binding Activity and Autoregulates Transcriptional Activity of its Own Receptor Gene by Normal Human Monocytes Engaging Nuclear Factor κB....Pages 255-261 Interleukin-4 Downregulates Expression of c-kit mRNA and YB5.B8 Antigen (Stem Cell Factor Receptor) in Human Myeloid/Mast Cell Progenitor Cells....Pages 263-267 Biochemical Characterization and Regulation of Expression of the Binding Protein for the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on Leukemia Cells....Pages 269-276 Tetrahydrobiopterin is a Feedback Modulator of the Interleukin-2 Receptor Complex: Manifestations and Mechanisms....Pages 277-284 Receptor Cross-Talk: Protein Kinase C Dependent Down-Modulation of the Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor upon Activation with Interferon-γ/Lipopolysaccharide....Pages 285-290 The Interleukin-2 Receptor (CD25 and p75) in Human Monocytes and Macrophages....Pages 291-296 Synergism of Hematopoietic Cytokines and Cytosine Arabinoside in the Treatment of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: Experimental Rationales....Pages 299-311 Effects of Recombinant Human Cytokines on Cytarabine Activity in K562 Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells....Pages 313-319 Front Matter....Pages 31-31 Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Increases DNA Polymerase Activity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Blasts In Vitro and In Vivo....Pages 321-328 Kinetic and Genetic Resistance in Acute Leukemia....Pages 329-338 Combination of Hematopoietic Growth Factors Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Interleukin-1 Reduces Toxicity of Cisplatin, Carboplatin, and Azidothymidine on Normal Human and Murine Hematopoietic Progenitors....Pages 339-344 The Susceptibility of Human Leukemia Cells to Allogeneic and Autologous Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells and Augmentation of the Susceptibility by Exposure of Target Cells to Cytotoxic Drugs In Vitro and In Vivo....Pages 345-363 CD16 Stimulation Induces Stronger Accumulation of Cytokine mRNA in Natural Killer Cells than in Non-MHC-Restricted T Lymphocytes....Pages 367-373 Influence of Chemo- and Radiotherapy on Interleukin-1 Production by Mononuclear Cells of Children with Hematological Malignancies....Pages 375-379 Pokeweed Mitogen Induction of Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-6 in Mononuclear Cells: An Alternative Approach to the Combined Phytohemagglutinin/Phorbol Myristrate Acetate Stimulation In Vitro....Pages 381-388 Immunomodulatory Activity of Hexadecylphosphocholine: Hexadecylphosphocholine-Mediated Enhancement of T-Cell Response....Pages 389-395 Long-Term Culture and Expansion of Adherent Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells....Pages 397-404 Bomirski Ab Melanoma as a Model of Tumor-Induced Cachexia....Pages 405-408 In Vivo Effects of Interleukin-6 and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor on Thrombopoiesis in Primates....Pages 411-416 In Vivo Synergism of Interleukin-3 and Interleukin-6 on Thrombopoiesis in Primates....Pages 417-423 Front Matter....Pages 425-425 Increased Erythropoietin Response After Treatment with Cisplatin, Etoposid, and Bleomycin in Patients with Testicular Cancer....Pages 427-433 Systemic Release of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Human Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation: Clinical Risk Factors, Prognostic Significance, and Therapeutic Approaches....Pages 435-442 Sequential Release of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors in Complications of Human Bone Marrow Transplantation....Pages 443-448 Tumor Necrosis Factor α in the Course of Allogeneic and Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation....Pages 449-456 Differences in Stimulated Cytokine Release Between Sleep and Sleep Deprivation....Pages 457-463 Interleukin-5 Expressing Allergen-Specific T Cells in Patients with House Dust Mite Sensitization: Analysis at a Clonal Level....Pages 465-472 Issues in the Clinical Development of Recombinant Methionyl Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor: A Review....Pages 475-482 The Use of Recombinant Methionyl Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Following High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation....Pages 483-489 Front Matter....Pages 425-425 Erythropoietin Treatment in Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Prospective and Randomized Trial....Pages 635-640 In Vivo Effects of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin on Circulating CD34 + Cells of Uremic Patients....Pages 641-644 Recombinant Methionyl Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in High-Risk Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Treated with VIM and CHOP: Preliminary Results of a Phase I/II Study....Pages 491-495 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in the Therapy of Myeloid Leukemia....Pages 497-502 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Corrects Neutropenia and Associated Clinical Symptoms in Children with Severe Congenital Neutropenia....Pages 503-509 Severe Reversible Renal Failure Induced by Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in a Child with Chronic Acquired Agranulocytosis....Pages 511-520 In Vitro Functions of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Induced Neutrophils....Pages 521-527 Impaired Calcium Mobilization and Abnormalities in Microfilamentous Cytoskeletal Organization in Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Induced Neutrophils from Patients with Severe Congenital Neutropenia....Pages 529-534 Clinical Evaluation of Interleukin-3....Pages 615-625 Response to Interleukin-3 Treatment in Graft Failure After Bone Marrow Transplantation....Pages 627-632 Treatment of Poor-Risk Neuroblastoma with Intensive Chemotherapy and Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor....Pages 537-543 Treatment of Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Intensive Chemotherapy....Pages 545-554 Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Aplastic Anemia: A Phase I/II Trial with Emphasis on Very Severe Neutropenia and Active Infection....Pages 555-563 Successful Third Bone Marrow Transplantation for Severe Aplastic Anemia: Possible In Vivo Synergism of Granulocyte—Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Erythropoietin....Pages 565-567 Stimulation of Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cells by Chemotherapy and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Lymphoproliferative Diseases....Pages 569-574 Autologous Transplantation of Blood Stem Cells Mobilized with Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Subsequent to Chemotherapy for Relapsed Hodgkin’s Disease....Pages 575-579 Immunological Characterization of Blood Stem Cell Autografts Collected Under Administration of Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor....Pages 581-586 Effect of Recombinant Human Granulocyte—Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor on Serum Levels of Soluble CD25, CD8, and CD4 in Patients with Hodgkin’s Disease in Sensitive Relapse....Pages 587-593 Migration of Neutrophils to the Oral Mucosa During Treatment with Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor....Pages 595-599 Clinical Trials of Interleukin-1β....Pages 603-612 Front Matter....Pages 425-425 Interferon-α 2b in the Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia....Pages 647-660 Interferon-α 2a in the Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Results of the Spanish Group on Interferon-α 2a in CML....Pages 661-665 Complex Karyotype Evolution Influenced by Interferon Therapy in a Case of Ph-Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia....Pages 667-672 Treatment of Primary and Relapsed Angioimmunoblastic-Type T-Cell Lymphoma with Recombinant Human Interferon-α....Pages 673-676 New Aspects in the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Related Kaposi’s Sarcoma with High-Dose Intralesional Recombinant Interferon-α 2b ....Pages 677-682 Combination of Interferon-α and Standard Chemotherapy in Advanced Malignancies....Pages 683-687 A 21-kDa Protein as Marker in the Course of Chemotherapy Combined with Cytokines: Interferon-α or Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor....Pages 689-692 Treatment with Human Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor-α of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in its Accelerated or Blastic Phase....Pages 693-706 Outpatient Therapy of Advanced Malignancies Using Recombinant Interleukin-2 and Recombinant Interferon-α With or Without Chemotherapy....Pages 707-712 Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma with Interferon-α and Interleukin-2: Significant Improvement with a New Dosing Schedule....Pages 713-719 Sequential Chemoimmunotherapy in the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma....Pages 721-727 Interleukin-2 in Combination with Dacarbazine in the Treatment for Malignant Melanoma....Pages 729-735 Characterization of CD3 + and CD56 + Lymphocyte Subsets in Melanoma Patients After In Vivo Recombinant Interleukin-2 Administration....Pages 737-746 Low-Dose Subcutaneous Interleukin-2 in Human Multiple Myeloma: Current Results of a Phase I/II Pilot Study....Pages 747-755 Tolerance and Biological Activity of Bolus Administration of Increasing Doses of Glycosylated Recombinant Interleukin-2 (SR 29009) in Patients with Hematological Malignancy....Pages 757-761 Treatment of Relapsed Acute Leukemias with Systemic Recombinant Interleukin 2 (RU 49637)....Pages 763-768 Use of Recombinant Interleukin-2 (RU 49637) After Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation in Patients with Hematological Disease: Phase I–II Study....Pages 769-774 Phase I/II Trial with Low-Dose Interleukin-2 and Interferon-Gamma in Children with High-Risk Leukemia and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma After Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation....Pages 775-782 Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation with 10-Day-Cultured Bone Marrow Activated by Interleukin-2 in Two Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia....Pages 783-788 Antibody Formation in Cancer Patients Treated with Recombinant Interleukin-2 Alone or in Combination with Interferon-α 2b ....Pages 789-794 Back Matter....Pages 795-800 In 1989, the First International Symposium on Cytokines in Hemopoiesis, Oncology, and AIDS was held in Hanover, FRG. Since then there has been an explosion of knowledge in this field. New cytokines have been discovered, on which data are presented in this book, and receptors have already been cloned for many cytokines. In clinical application, some cytokines such as TNF have almost completely left the stage, but this may not be for ever. Enormous progress has been made in the field of hemopoietic growth factors, for which clinical studies from phase I to phase III have been conducted, and some of which have even been registered for routine use. In spite of this rapid development our knowledge of how to clinically exploit the effects of cytokines is very limited and lies far behind the advances made in basic research. Even for the hemopoietic growth factors, questions regarding the effect of adjuvant therapy on survival and or on general outcome in chemother apy have still not been answered. Discussion and exchange between those involved in basic science and clinical research is still urgently needed. We hope to successfully contribute to this process by continuing the series proceedings of the International Symposia on Cytokines in Hemopoiesis, Oncology, and AIDS. Hannover, in July 1992 Mathias Freund Hartmut Link Reinhold E. Schmidt Karl Welte List of Contributors Abbadessa, V. Istituto die Clinica Medica III, Centro Interdipartimenta de Ii Ricerche in Oncologia Clinica, 90100 Palermo, Italy Abecassis, M