Cyclic and Noncyclic Organic Compounds: A Textbook of Organic Chemistry

The book discusses the main classes of cyclic and non-cyclic organic compounds, their structure, properties and methods of preparation. In close connection with the material under discussion, information is presented on theoretical concepts, spectral characteristics, issues of stereochemistry, kinetics and thermodynamics, and the most important modern methods of synthesis and analysis. The textbook is intended for university students of chemistry. Cover Half Title Cyclic and Noncyclic Organic Compounds: A Textbook of Organic Chemistry Copyright Abstract Contents Preface Introduction History of organic chemistry Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations 1. The subject of organic chemistry 2. The complexity and originality of organic compounds. 3. Variety of practical applications of organic compounds. 4. Theory of the structure of organic substances 5. Sources of organic compounds 6. Classification of organic compounds 7. Nomenclature of organic compounds 7.1. Trivial nomenclature 7.2. Rational nomenclature 7.3. The IUPAC systematic nomenclature Chapter 2. Chemical bonds 1. Nature and types of chemical bonds. Employment methods 2. Parameters of covalent bonds. Hydrogen bond 3. Delocalized chemical bonds 3.1. Types of conjugate systems (π, π-, p, π-) 3.2. Electronic displacements in molecules of organic compounds. Inductive and mesomeric effects Chapter 3. Chemical reactions 1. Basic concepts, classification of reagents 2. Types of organic reactions and their mechanisms 2.1. Classification of organic reactions 3. Acids and bases. Proton and electron theories 3.1. Proton theory Brensted-Lowry 3.2. Lewis electronic theory 4. Methods for the study of organic compounds Chapter 4. Alkanes 1. Acyclic saturated hydrocarbons 2. Cyclic saturated hydrocarbons 3. Detonation properties of hydrocarbons 3.1. Octane number 3.2. Cetane number 4. Natural sources of saturated hydrocarbons Chapter 5. Unsaturated hydrocarbons 1. Alkenes 2. Alkadienes 3. Alkynes 3.1. Homology, isomerism and nomenclature 3.2. Physical properties 3.3. Chemical properties 3.4. Individual representatives Chapter 6. Aromatic hydrocarbons 1. General hydrocarbons of the benzene series characteristic 1.1. The structure of benzene and its homologues 1.2. Arena nomenclature 1.3. Physical properties 2. Chemical properties 3. Industrial methods for obtaining aromatic hydrocarbons 3.1. Getting from coal 3.2. Getting from oil 3.3. Arena representatives Chapter 7. Hydroxyl derivatives of hydrocarbons 1. Monohydric alcohols 1.1. Classification, nomenclature, isomerism 1.2. Physical properties 1.3. Chemical properties 1.4. Individual representatives 2. Polyhydric alcohols 3. Ethers 3.1. Nomenclature and isomerism 3.2. Physical properties 3.3. Chemical properties 3.4. Ether representatives 4. Phenols Chapter 8. Oxocompounds 1. Aldehydes and ketones 1.1. Nomenclature and isomerism of aldehydes 1.2. Physical properties 1.3. Chemical properties 2. Separate representatives of aldehydes and ketones Chapter 9. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives 1. Saturated monobasic acids 2. Physical properties of saturated monobasic acids 3. Chemical properties 4. Individual representatives of carboxylic acids Chapter 10. Amines 1. Physical properties 2. Chemical properties 3. Individual representatives and application Chapter 11. Amino acids 1. Nomenclature and isomerism 2. Physical and chemical properties 3. Polycondensation of amino acids 4. Acquisition of amino acids Chapter 12. Carbohydrates (hydrocarbons) 1. Discovery and role of carbohydrates in nature 2. Monosaccharides 3. Chemical properties of glucose 4. Oligosaccharides 5. Polysaccharides Chapter 13. Rearrangement of chemical molecule 1. Molecular rearrangement 2. Skeletal rearrangement References Subject index