Current topics in atomic, molecular and optical physics : invited lectures delivered at the Conference on Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics (TC 2005), 13th-15th December, 2005, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India

The breadth, scope and volume of research in atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) physics have increased enormously in the last few years. Following the widespread use of pulsed lasers, certain newly emerging areas as well as selected mature subfields are ushering in a second renaissance. This volume focuses on current research in these crucial areas: cold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates, quantum information and quantum computation, and new techniques for investigating collisions and structure. The topics covered include: the multireference coupled cluster method in quantum chemistry and the role of electronic correlation in nanosystems; laser cooling of atoms and theories of the Bose-Einstein condensate; and quantum computing and quantum information transfer using cold atoms and shaped ultrafast pulses. Other articles deal with recent findings in heavy ion collisions with clusters, time-of-flight spectroscopy techniques, and a specific example of a chaotic quantum system. The contributions will greatly assist in the sharing of specialized knowledge among experts and will also be useful for postgraduate students striving to obtain an overall picture of the current research status in the areas covered. CONTENTS......Page 8 Preface......Page 6 1. Introduction......Page 11 2. Theoretical considerations......Page 12 3. Electron localization and dynamical control in semiconductor double quantum wells......Page 14 4. Driven electron dynamics in mesoscopic rings......Page 18 5. Pulse-induced electron removal from a quantum dot......Page 25 References......Page 28 1. Introduction......Page 31 2. Time-dependent calculation of ground and excited states of one-dimensional nonlinear oscillators......Page 33 3. Responses of an electron in symmetric and asymmetric DWOs under intense laser fields......Page 35 4. Multiphoton vibrational dynamics of Morse oscillators in intense laser fields......Page 38 5. Conclusion......Page 40 References......Page 42 1. Introduction......Page 45 2. Basic techniques......Page 46 3. Optically Plugged Quadrupole Trap at Georgia Tech......Page 48 4. Theory of the Weakly Interacting Bose Gas......Page 50 5. Metastable BEC in a linear potential......Page 51 6. Bragg Scattering from Rotating Condensates......Page 53 7. Conclusion......Page 58 References......Page 59 Introduction......Page 61 Cooling and Trapping......Page 62 Cooling and trapping experiment at Calcutta University......Page 63 References......Page 66 Pair-Correlation in Bose-Einstein Condensate and Fermi Superfluid of Atomic Gases......Page 67 1. Introduction......Page 68 2. A comparison between BEC and BCS states......Page 69 3. BCS state of trapped Fermi gas of atoms......Page 71 4. Stimulated light scattering in Cooper-paired Fermi atoms......Page 72 6. Conclusion and outlook......Page 76 References......Page 77 1. Introduction......Page 79 2. Theory......Page 81 3. Results and Discussion......Page 83 4. Conclusion......Page 95 References......Page 96 1. Introduction......Page 99 2. Theory......Page 100 References......Page 113 1. Introduction......Page 115 2. Model and Mean-Field Approximation......Page 116 3. Results and Discussions......Page 120 References......Page 128 1. Introduction......Page 131 2. Two-qubit π conditional phase gate......Page 135 3. Conclusions......Page 140 References......Page 141 2. Experimental Setup......Page 143 3. Results and Discussion......Page 145 4. Qubit Realization and Optical Network......Page 147 5. Experimental Developments......Page 149 6. Conclusion......Page 150 References......Page 151 1. Introduction......Page 153 2. The generation of atomic entanglement in cavities......Page 155 3. The monogamous nature of entanglement......Page 160 References......Page 165 1. Introduction......Page 169 2. The projected Perron-Frobenius Operator for Billiards: Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions......Page 171 3. The quantum connection: numerical evidence......Page 172 References......Page 176 Abstract......Page 179 1.1 Introduction......Page 180 1.2 Non-variational variants of MRSDCI......Page 182 1.3 Recent important results......Page 188 1.4 Summary......Page 192 Bibliography......Page 194 2. Analytical Continuation of the Hamiltonian......Page 197 3. Negative Ion Resonances......Page 202 4. CAP method in the Fock space Coupled Cluster theoretical framework......Page 203 5. Conclusion......Page 206 References......Page 207 1 Introduction......Page 209 2 Relativistic coupled-cluster theory......Page 210 4 Hyperfine shift......Page 212 5 Results and discussions......Page 214 6 Conclusion......Page 215 References......Page 216 1. Introduction......Page 219 2. Experimental Details......Page 222 3. Theoretical models......Page 224 4. Results and Discussions......Page 227 5 Conclusions......Page 235 7 References......Page 236 1. Introduction......Page 239 2. Information from time-of-flight spectra......Page 240 3. Application to dissociative ionisation......Page 241 References......Page 244 1. General Introduction......Page 247 2. Basics of Nonlinear Optics......Page 248 3. Physical Origin of Nonlinear Optical Phenomena......Page 250 4. Materials for Nonlinear Optics......Page 253 5. Optical absorption of metal nanocluster-glass composites......Page 256 6. Ion Implantation: Synthesis of Metal Nanoclusters......Page 265 7. Characterizations of the Metal Nanocluster-Glass Composites......Page 266 References......Page 273 1 Introduction......Page 275 2 Cold atoms as probe for atom-surface interaction......Page 276 3 Principle of magnetic atom mirror......Page 277 5 The magnetic atom-mirror experiment at TIFR......Page 278 6 Measurement of the van der Waals force......Page 280 7 Conclusion......Page 283 References......Page 284 CONTENTS 8 Preface 6 Ultrafast Dynamics of Nano and Mesoscopic Systems Driven by Asymmetric Electromagnetic Pulses 11 1. Introduction 11 2. Theoretical considerations 12 3. Electron localization and dynamical control in semiconductor double quantum wells 14 4. Driven electron dynamics in mesoscopic rings 18 5. Pulse-induced electron removal from a quantum dot 25 6. conclusions 28 References 28 One-Dimensional Non-Linear Oscillators as Models for Atoms and Molecules under Intense Laser Fields 31 1. Introduction 31 2. Time-dependent calculation of ground and excited states of one-dimensional nonlinear oscillators 33 3. Responses of an electron in symmetric and asymmetric DWOs under intense laser fields 35 4. Multiphoton vibrational dynamics of Morse oscillators in intense laser fields 38 5. Conclusion 40 References 42 Experimenting with Topological States of Bose-Einstein Condensates 45 1. Introduction 45 2. Basic techniques 46 3. Optically Plugged Quadrupole Trap at Georgia Tech 48 4. Theory of the Weakly Interacting Bose Gas 50 5. Metastable BEC in a linear potential 51 6. Bragg Scattering from Rotating Condensates 53 7. Conclusion 58 References 59 Laser Cooling and Trapping of Rb Atoms 61 Introduction 61 Cooling and Trapping 62 Cooling and trapping experiment at Calcutta University 63 Conclusion 66 References 66 Pair-Correlation in Bose-Einstein Condensate and Fermi Superfluid of Atomic Gases 67 1. Introduction 68 2. A comparison between BEC and BCS states 69 3. BCS state of trapped Fermi gas of atoms 71 4. Stimulated light scattering in Cooper-paired Fermi atoms 72 5. Results and discussions 76 6. Conclusion and outlook 76 References 77 Properties of Trapped Bose Gas in the Large-Gas-Parameter Regime 79 1. Introduction 79 2. Theory 81 3. Results and Discussion 83 4. Conclusion 95 5. Acknowledgment 96 References 96 A Feynman-Kac Path Integral Study of Rb Gas 99 1. Introduction 99 2. Theory 100 References 113 Mean Field Theory for Interacting Spin-1 Bosons on a Lattice 115 1. Introduction 115 2. Model and Mean-Field Approximation 116 3. Results and Discussions 120 References 128 Mixed Internal-External State Approach for Quantum Computation with Neutral Atoms on Atom Chips 131 1. Introduction 131 2. Two-qubit π conditional phase gate 135 3. Conclusions 140 References 141 Ultrafast Pulse Shaping Developments for Quantum Computation 143 1. Introduction 143 2. Experimental Setup 143 3. Results and Discussion 145 4. Qubit Realization and Optical Network 147 5. Experimental Developments 149 6. Conclusion 150 References 151 Quantum Information Transfer in Atom-Photon Interactions in a Cavity 153 1. Introduction 153 2. The generation of atomic entanglement in cavities 155 3. The monogamous nature of entanglement 160 4. Conclusions 165 References 165 Liouville Density Evolution in Billiards and the Quantum Connection 169 1. Introduction 169 2. The projected Perron-Frobenius Operator for Billiards: Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions 171 3. The quantum connection: numerical evidence 172 References 176 MRCPA: Theory and Application to Highly Correlating System 179 Abstract 179 1.1 Introduction 180 1.2 Non-variational variants of MRSDCI 182 1.3 Recent important results 188 1.4 Summary 192 Bibliography 194 Calculation of Negative Ion Shape Resonances Using Coupled Cluster Theory 197 1. Introduction 197 2. Analytical Continuation of the Hamiltonian 197 3. Negative Ion Resonances 202 4. CAP method in the Fock space Coupled Cluster theoretical framework 203 5. Conclusion 206 References 207 Optical Frequency Standard with Sr+: A Theoretical Many-Body Approach 209 1 Introduction 209 2 Relativistic coupled-cluster theory 210 3 Electric quadrupole shift 212 4 Hyperfine shift 212 5 Results and discussions 214 6 Conclusion 215 References 216 Fast Heavy Ion Collisions with H2 Molecules and Young Type Interference 219 1. Introduction 219 2. Experimental Details 222 3. Theoretical models 224 4. Results and Discussions 227 5 Conclusions 235 6 Acknowledgement 236 7 References 236 Estimation of Ion Kinetic Energies from Time-of-Flight and Momentum Spectra 239 1. Introduction 239 2. Information from time-of-flight spectra 240 3. Application to dissociative ionisation 241 4. Conclusions 244 References 244 Third-Order Optical Susceptibility of Metal Nanocluster-Glass Composites 247 1. General Introduction 247 2. Basics of Nonlinear Optics 248 3. Physical Origin of Nonlinear Optical Phenomena 250 4. Materials for Nonlinear Optics 253 5. Optical absorption of metal nanocluster-glass composites 256 6. Ion Implantation: Synthesis of Metal Nanoclusters 265 7. Characterizations of the Metal Nanocluster-Glass Composites 266 References 273 Study of Atom-Surface Interaction Using Magnetic Atom Mirror 275 1 Introduction 275 2 Cold atoms as probe for atom-surface interaction 276 3 Principle of magnetic atom mirror 277 4 Magnetic thin film atom mirror 278 5 The magnetic atom-mirror experiment at TIFR 278 6 Measurement of the van der Waals force 280 7 Conclusion 283 References 284 Preface -- Ultrafast Dynamics Of Nano And Mesoscopic Systems Driven By Asymmetric Electromagnetic Pulses / A. Matos-abiague, A. S. Moskalenko And J. Berakdar -- One-dimensional Non-linear Oscillators As Models For Atoms And Molecules Under Intense Laser Fields / A. Wadehra And B. M. Deb -- Experimenting With Topological States Of Bose-einstein Condensates / C. Raman -- Laser Cooling And Trapping Of Rb Atoms / S. Chakraborty ... [et Al.] -- Pair-correlation In Bose-einstein Condensate And Fermi Superfluid Of Atomic Gases / B. Deb -- Properties Of Trapped Bose Gas In The Large-gas-parameter Regime / A. Banerjee -- A Feynman-kac Path Integral Study Of Rb Gas / S. Datta -- Mean Field Theory For Interacting Spin-1 Bosons On A Lattice / R. V. Pai, K. Sheshadri And R. Pandit -- Mixed Internal-external State Approach For Quantum Computation With Neutral Atoms On Atom Chips / E. Charron ... [et Al.] -- Ultrafast Pulse Shaping Developments For Quantum Computation / S. K. Karthick Kumar And D. Goswami -- Quantum Information Transfer In Atom-photon Interactions In A Cavity / A. S. Majumdar, N. Nayak And B. Ghosh -- Liouville Density Evolution In Billiards And The Quantum Connection / D. Biswas -- Mrcpa: Theory And Application To Highly Correlating System / K. Tanaka -- Calculation Of Negative Ion Shape Resonances Using Coupled Cluster Theory / Y. Sajeev And S. Pal -- Optical Frequency Standard With Sr+: A Theoretical Many-body Approach / C. Sur ... [et Al.] -- Fast Heavy Ion Collisions With H[symbol] Molecules And Young Type Interference / L. C. Tribedi And D. Misra -- Estimation Of Ion Kinetic Energies From Time-of-flight And Momentum Spectra / B. Bapat -- Third-order Optical Susceptibility Of Metal Nanocluster-glass 28 Composites / B. Ghosh And P. Chakraborty -- Study Of Atom-surface Interaction Using Magnetic Atom Mirror / A. K. Mohapatra. Edited By Chandana Sinha, Shibshankar Bhattacharyya. Focuses on research in crucial areas such as: cold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates, quantum information and quantum computation, and techniques for investigating collisions and structure. This work covers topics that includes the multireference coupled cluster method in quantum chemistry and the role of electronic correlation in nanosystems