Cultural backlash : Trump, Brexit, and the rise of authoritarian populism

Authoritarian populists have disrupted politics in many societies, as exemplified by Donald Trump in the U.S. and Brexit in the UK. Authoritarian populist parties have gained votes and seats in many countries, and entered government in states as diverse as Austria, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Switzerland. Across Europe, their average share of the vote in parliamentary elections remains limited but it has more than doubled since the 1960s and their share of seats tripled. Even small parties can still exert tremendous ‘blackmail’ pressure on governments and change the policy agenda, as demonstrated by UKIP’s role in catalyzing Brexit. The danger is that populism undermines public confidence in the legitimacy of liberal democracy while authoritarianism actively corrodes its principles and practices. This book sets out a general theory explaining polarization over the cultural cleavage dividing social liberals and social conservatives in the electorates and how these values translate into support for Authoritarian-Populist parties and leaders in the U.S. and Europe. The conclusion highlights the dangers to liberal democracy arising from these developments and what could be done to mitigate the risks. Preface And Acknowledgments: The Intellectual Foundations For This Study Build Upon A Collaborative Partnership Developed Over Many Years, Producing A Series Of Earlier Books Jointly Written By The Authors For Cambridge University Press Which Have Compared Gender Equality In Politics, Political Communications, And Religion Around The World. Pippa Norris's Research For This Study Has Been Generously Supported By The Research Award Of The Kathleen Fitzpatrick Australian Laureate From The Australian Research Council. The Electoral Integrity Project Is Based At Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School Of Government And The Department Of Government And International Relations At The University Of Sydney-- Understanding Populism -- The Cultural Backlash Theory -- Varieties Of Populism -- The Backlash Against The Silent Revolution -- Economic Grievances -- Immigration -- Classifying Parties -- Who Votes For Authoritarian-populists? -- Party Fortunes And Electoral Rules -- Trump's America -- Brexit -- Eroding The Civic Culture? -- The Populist Challenge. Pippa Norris, Ronald Inglehart. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Cover 1 Cultural Backlash 2 Title 4 Copyright 5 Contents 6 Figures 8 Tables 12 Preface and Acknowledgments 14 Part I - Introduction 16 1. Understanding Populism 18 2. The Cultural Backlash Theory 47 3. Varieties of Populism 80 Part II - Authoritarian and Populist Values 100 4. The Backlash Against the Silent Revolution 102 5. Economic Grievances 147 6. Immigration 190 Part III - From Values to Votes 228 7. Classifying Parties 230 8. Who Votes for Authoritarian-Populist Parties 272 9. Party Fortunes and Electoral Rules 309 10. Trump’s America 346 11. Brexit 383 Part IV - Conclusions 422 12. Eroding the Civic Culture 424 13. The Authoritarian-Populist Challenge 458 Technical Appendices 486 Cultural Backlash. Technical Appendix A. Classification of Parties 488 Technical Appendix B. The Variables and Coding Used in the Multivariate Analysis 502 Bibliography 508 Index 550 "The intellectual foundations for this study build upon a collaborative partnership developed over many years, producing a series of earlier books jointly written by the authors for Cambridge University Press which have compared gender equality in politics, political communications, and religion around the world. Pippa Norris's research for this book has been generously supported by the research award of the Kathleen Fitzpatrick Australian Laureate from the Australian Research Council. The Electoral Integrity Project is based at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government and the Department of Government and International Relations at the University of Sydney"--Preface and acknowledgments Présentation de l'éditeur : "Authoritarian populist parties have advanced in many countries, and entered government in states as diverse as Austria, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Switzerland. Even small parties can still shift the policy agenda, as demonstrated by UKIP's role in catalyzing Brexit. Drawing on new evidence, this book advances a general theory why the silent revolution in values triggered a backlash fuelling support for authoritarian-populist parties and leaders in the US and Europe. The conclusion highlights the dangers of this development and what could be done to mitigate the risks to liberal democracy." "Authoritarian populist parties have advanced in many countries, and entered government in states as diverse as Austria, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Switzerland. Even small parties can still shift the policy agenda, as demonstrated by UKIP's role in catalyzing Brexit. Drawing on new evidence, this book advances a general theory why the silent revolution in values triggered a backlash fuelling support for authoritarian-populist parties and leaders in the US and Europe. The conclusion highlights the dangers of this development and what could be done to mitigate the risks to liberal democracy."-- Site de l'éditeur Authoritarian populist parties have advanced in many countries, and entered government in states as diverse as Austria, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Switzerland. Even small parties can still shift the policy agenda, as demonstrated by UKIP's role in catalysing Brexit. Drawing on new evidence, this book advances a general theory why the silent revolution in values triggered a backlash fuelling support for Authoritarian-Populist parties and leaders in the US and Europe. The conclusion highlights the dangers of this development and what could be done to mitigate the risks to liberal democracy Preface and acknowledgments List of tables and figures I: Introduction 1. Understanding populism 2. The cultural backlash theory 3. Varieties of populism II: Comparative evidence 4. The backlash against the silent revolution 5. Economic grievances 6. Immigration III: From values to votes 7. Classifying parties 8. Who votes for authoritarian-populists? 9. Party fortunes and electoral rules 10. Trump's America 11. Brexit IV: Conclusions 12. Eroding the civic culture? 13. The populist challenge Technical Appendices Bibliography Index