Crystallization Process Systems

Crystallization Process Systems gives a clear, concise, balanced and up to date presentation of crystallization and solid-liquid separation of the crystalline product. The information is presented in a coherent, concise and logical sequence based on the fundamentals of particulate crystallization processes as systems. By emphasising the analysis, design and operation of particulate crystallization processes as systems, the reader will be able to make a better judgement about the best, cheapest and most effective production method to use. Presents a coherent, concise and logical sequence based on the fundamentals of particulate crystallization processes as systemsEmphasis on the design and optimization of the crystallization processing system Cover......Page 1 Crystallization Process Systems......Page 4 Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 9 Nomenclature and abbreviations......Page 12 1.1 Crystal characteristics......Page 16 1.2 Single particles......Page 22 1.3 Particle size distributions......Page 27 1.4 Packing characteristics......Page 32 1.5 Techniques for particle sizing and characterization......Page 33 1.6 Summary......Page 40 2.1 Particle-fluid hydrodynamics......Page 41 2.2 Sedimentation......Page 42 2.3 Slurries......Page 46 2.4 Fluid flow through porous media......Page 52 2.5 Suspension of settling particles by agitation......Page 58 2.6 Mixing models......Page 64 2.7 The population balance......Page 67 2.8 Summary......Page 72 3.1 Phase equilibria......Page 73 3.2 Types of crystallizer......Page 78 3.3 The mixed suspension, mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystalizer......Page 80 3.4 Population balance......Page 83 3.5 Precipitation......Page 91 3.6 Summary......Page 94 4.1 Settling tanks......Page 95 4.2 Thickeners......Page 97 4.3 Filters and filtration......Page 102 4.4 Types of filter......Page 103 4.5 Theory of filtration......Page 105 4.6 Leaf test......Page 112 4.7 Optimum cycle time during batch filtration......Page 116 4.8 Continuous rotary vacuum filtration......Page 118 4.9 Centrifuges......Page 121 4.10 Thin layer solid bowl centrifuge......Page 124 4.11 Centrifugal filtration......Page 127 4.12 Hydrocyclones......Page 129 4.14 Crystal drying......Page 131 4.15 Summary......Page 136 5.1 Crystallization and precipitation kinetics......Page 138 5.2 Nucleation......Page 139 5.3 Crystal growth......Page 140 5.4 Induction periods......Page 146 5.5 Determination of crystal growth and nucleation kinetics......Page 150 5.6 Particle breakage processes......Page 151 5.7 Prediction of product particle size distribution......Page 156 5.8 Secondary nucleation......Page 161 5.9 Summary......Page 168 6.1 Agglomerate particle form......Page 170 6.2 Colloid and surface science......Page 176 6.3 Population balance......Page 181 6.4 Agglomeration and disruption during precipitation......Page 186 6.5 Determination of precipitation kinetics......Page 190 6.6 Troubleshooting agglomeration......Page 202 6.7 Summary......Page 204 7.1 Design and performance of batch crystallizers......Page 205 7.2 Batch crystallizer design and operation......Page 207 7.3 Prediction of CSD......Page 208 7.4 Programmed cooling crystallization......Page 212 7.5 Design and performance of continuous crystallizers......Page 218 7.6 Summary......Page 228 8.1 Liquid-liquid crystallization systems......Page 230 8.2 Gas-liquid crystal precipitation......Page 246 8.3 Microcrystallizers......Page 272 8.4 Summary......Page 274 9.1 Crystallization process systems design......Page 276 9.2 Crystallization process models......Page 279 9.3 Crystalization process synthesis......Page 286 9.4 Crystallization process systems simulation......Page 292 9.5 Crystallization process instrumentation and control......Page 302 9.6 Crystallization in practice......Page 310 9.7 Summary......Page 312 References......Page 314 Author index......Page 344 Subject index......Page 352 Cover 1 Crystallization Process Systems 4 Contents 6 Preface 9 Nomenclature and abbreviations 12 1 Particulate crystal characteristics 16 1.1 Crystal characteristics 16 1.2 Single particles 22 1.3 Particle size distributions 27 1.4 Packing characteristics 32 1.5 Techniques for particle sizing and characterization 33 1.6 Summary 40 2 Fluid-particle transport processes 41 2.1 Particle-fluid hydrodynamics 41 2.2 Sedimentation 42 2.3 Slurries 46 2.4 Fluid flow through porous media 52 2.5 Suspension of settling particles by agitation 58 2.6 Mixing models 64 2.7 The population balance 67 2.8 Summary 72 3 Crystallization principles and techniques 73 3.1 Phase equilibria 73 3.2 Types of crystallizer 78 3.3 The mixed suspension, mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystalizer 80 3.4 Population balance 83 3.5 Precipitation 91 3.6 Summary 94 4 Solid-liquid separation processes 95 4.1 Settling tanks 95 4.2 Thickeners 97 4.3 Filters and filtration 102 4.4 Types of filter 103 4.5 Theory of filtration 105 4.6 Leaf test 112 4.7 Optimum cycle time during batch filtration 116 4.8 Continuous rotary vacuum filtration 118 4.9 Centrifuges 121 4.10 Thin layer solid bowl centrifuge 124 4.11 Centrifugal filtration 127 4.12 Hydrocyclones 129 4.13 Crystal washing 131 4.14 Crystal drying 131 4.15 Summary 136 5 Crystal formation and breakage 138 5.1 Crystallization and precipitation kinetics 138 5.2 Nucleation 139 5.3 Crystal growth 140 5.4 Induction periods 146 5.5 Determination of crystal growth and nucleation kinetics 150 5.6 Particle breakage processes 151 5.7 Prediction of product particle size distribution 156 5.8 Secondary nucleation 161 5.9 Summary 168 6 Crystal agglomeration and disruption 170 6.1 Agglomerate particle form 170 6.2 Colloid and surface science 176 6.3 Population balance 181 6.4 Agglomeration and disruption during precipitation 186 6.5 Determination of precipitation kinetics 190 6.6 Troubleshooting agglomeration 202 6.7 Summary 204 7 Crystallizer design and performance 205 7.1 Design and performance of batch crystallizers 205 7.2 Batch crystallizer design and operation 207 7.3 Prediction of CSD 208 7.4 Programmed cooling crystallization 212 7.5 Design and performance of continuous crystallizers 218 7.6 Summary 228 8 Crystallizer mixing and scale-up 230 8.1 Liquid-liquid crystallization systems 230 8.2 Gas-liquid crystal precipitation 246 8.3 Microcrystallizers 272 8.4 Summary 274 9 Design of crystallization process systems 276 9.1 Crystallization process systems design 276 9.2 Crystallization process models 279 9.3 Crystalization process synthesis 286 9.4 Crystallization process systems simulation 292 9.5 Crystallization process instrumentation and control 302 9.6 Crystallization in practice 310 9.7 Summary 312 References 314 Author index 344 Subject index 352 Referex Crystallization Process Systems gives a clear, concise, balanced and up to date presentation of crystallization and solid-liquid separation of the crystalline product. The information is presented in a coherent, concise and logical sequence based on the fundamentals of particulate crystallization processes as systems. By emphasising the analysis, design and operation of particulate crystallization processes as systems, the reader will be able to make a better judgement about the best, cheapest and most effective production method to use. Crystallization Process Systems gives a wider view and an overview of the subject of crystallization as a whole. It provides an ideal lead-in to more specialized works such as Crystallization and Solid-Liquid Separation - also published by BH. Presents a coherent, concise and logical sequence based on the fundamentals of particulate crystallization processes as systemsEmphasis on the design and optimization of the crystallization processing system