Cryptosporidium from Molecules to Disease, 7-12 October 2001, Fremantle, Western Australia : programme and abstracts

In the relatively short period since __Cryptosporidium__ was recognised as a human pathogen, and that it could be transmitted in water as well as directly between animals and people, it has been the subject of intense investigations. Its status as an opportunistic pathogen, especially in AIDS patients, and the lack of effective anti-cryptosporidial drugs have served to emphasise the public health importance of this organism. This has to some extent overshadowed the fact that __Cryptosporidium__ is also an important pathogen of domestic animals and wildlife. In recent years, the application of molecular biology and culture techniques have had an enormous impact on our understanding of the aetiological agents of cryptosporidial infections and our ability to study the causative agents in the laboratory. As a consequence, a wealth of information and novel data has been produced during the last 3-4 years, particularly in the areas of taxonomy, biology, pathogenesis, epidemiology - particularly zoonotic and water borne transmission, and treatment. It is thus very timely to bring together in this book the international research community involved to review the major advances in research and identify the important research priorities for the future, thus enabling as wide an audience as possible to benefit from and share in this comprehensive look at __Cryptosporidium__ and cryptosporidiosis. Content: List of contributors , Pages V-XVI Preface , Page XXXVII , RC Andrew Thompson, Anthony Armson, Una M. Ryan Acknowledgments , Page XXXIX Introduction : Cryptosporidium: From Molecules to Disease , Pages XLI-XLV , Garry Meinke Chapter 1 - Cryptosporidium: They Probably Taste Like Chicken , Pages 3-10 , Steve J. Upton Chapter 2 - Cryptosporidium: From Molecules to Disease , Pages 11-18 , Ronald Fayer Chapter 3 - Cryptosporidium Parvum: Infectivity, Pathogenesis and the Host-parasite Relationship , Pages 19-49 , Cynthia L. Chappell, Pablo C. Okhuysen, A. Clinton White Jr. Chapter 4 - What is the Clinical and Zoonotic Significance of Cryptosporidiosis in Domestic Animals and Wildlife , Pages 51-68 , M.E. Olson, B.J. Ralston, R. O'Handley, N.J. Guselle, A.J. Appelbee Chapter 5 - Control of Cryptosporidium Parvum Infection and the Role of IL-4 in Two Strains of Inbred Mice , Pages 71-73 , C.A. Notley, S.A.C. McDonald, J.E. O'Grady, J. Alexander, F. Brombacher, V. McDonald Chapter 6 - Human Peripheral CD8 + CD103 + T-lymphocyte Transmigration Through Inverted Cryptosporidium Parvum Sporozoite Infected HCT-8 Cell Monolayers , Pages 75-77 , G. Gargala, A. Delaunay, X. Li, A. François, P. Brasseur, L. Favennec, J.J. Ballet Chapter 7 - Cryptosporidium Parvum Volunteer Study: Infectivity and Immunity , Pages 79-81 , Cynthia L. Chappell, Pablo C. Okhuysen, Herbert L. DuPont, Charles R. Sterling, Saul Tzipori Chapter 8 - Experimental Transmission of Human Genotype 1 Cryptosporidium Parvum Into Lambs , Pages 83-84 , M. Giles, D.C. Warhurst, K.A. Webster, J.A. Marshall, J. Catchpole, T.M. Goddard Chapter 9 - A Longitudinal Study of Cryptosporidium Prevalence and its Impact on Performance in Feedlot Cattle , Page 85 , B.J. Ralston, M.E. Olson, T.A. McAllister, J. Renolds, L. Kennedy Chapter 10 - Identification and Characterisation of the Antigenic Cpa135 protein , Pages 87-88 , Fabio Tosini, Alessia Agnoli, Raffaella Mele, Maria Angeles Gomez Morales, Silvia Corona, Luciano Sacchi, Edoardo Pozio Chapter 11 - A Permanent Method for Detecting Cryptosporidium Parvum Life Cycle Stages in In Vitro Culture , Pages 89-91 , H.V. Smith, R.A.B. Nichols, J.E. O'Grady Chapter 12 - Successful Cultivation of Cryptosporidium Reveals Previously Undescribed Gregarine-like Developmental Stages , Page 93 , N. Hijjawi, B.P. Meloni, U.M. Morgan, R.C.A. Thompson Chapter 13 - Cryptosporidium as a Public Health Challenge , Pages 97-112 , R.M. Chalmers Chapter 14 - The Zoonotic Potential of Cryptosporidium , Pages 113-119 , R.C. Andrew Thompson Chapter 15 - Molecular Epidemiology of Human Cryptosporidiosis , Pages 121-146 , Lihua Xiao, Caryn Bern, Irshad M. Sulaiman, Altaf A. Lal Chapter 16 - Molecular Characterization and Taxonomy of Cryptosporidium , Pages 147-160 , Una M. Ryan Chapter 17 - Antigenic Differences in Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts: The “IOWA Strain” Enigma , Pages 163-164 , A. Ronald, S. Birrell, J.E. O'Grady, H.V. Smith Chapter 18 - Antigenic Analysis of Cryptosporidium Parvum Isolates of Human and Animal Origin , Pages 165-167 , A. Ronald, J.E. O'Grady, H.V. Smith Chapter 19 - Typing of Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts Using Phage-display Technology , Pages 169-171 , C. Lima, H.V. Smith, R.A.B. Nichols, J. Greenman, T. Paget Chapter 20 - High Resolution Genotyping of Cryptosporidium by Mutation Scanning , Pages 173-175 , Y.G. Abs El-Osta, X.Q.X. Zhu, R. Chalmers, S. Caccio, G. Widmer, U. Morgan-Ryan, R.C.A. Thompson, E. Pozio, R.B. Gasser Chapter 21 - Evaluation of Oocyst DNA Extraction Methods Using Real-time PCR , Pages 177-180 , Paul Monis, Alex Keegan, Stella Gelonese, Chris Saint Chapter 22 - Differentiation of Cryptosporidium Parvum Subtypes by a Novel Microsatelite-telomere PCR with Page , Pages 181-185 , S.A. Blasdall, J.E. Ongerth, N.J. Ashbolt Chapter 23 - Genotypic Variation of Cryptosporidium Organisms Recovered from Persons Living in Kenya, Malawi, Vietnam and Brazil , Pages 187-189 , W. Gatei, C.A. Hart, R.W. Ashford, S.K. Kamwati, L.E. Cuevas, J. Sarkodie, J. Greensill, N.J. Beeching Chapter 24 - Epidemiological Surveys of Cryptosporidiosis in Thai Orphans , Pages 191-194 , Mathirut Mungthin, Tawee Naaglor, Wirote Areekul, Saovanee Leelayoova Chapter 25 - Cryptosporidium and cyclospora -associated Diarrhea in Kathmandu, Nepal , Pages 195-198 , Kazuo Ono, Kenji Kimura, Satoko Ishiyama, Shiba Kumar Rai, Hidetaka Tsuji, Kuniyoshi Masuda, Mitsumi Kaneko, Yoshinobu Ishibashi, Takashi Kawamura, Hak Hotta, Shoji Uga Chapter 26 - Ecology of Zoonotic Cryptosporidiosis in Watersheds Containing Cattle Farming Operations , Pages 199-201 , T.K. Graczyk, C.J. Shiff, E. Nizeyimana, B. Evans, J.A. Patz Chapter 27 - Identifying Variation Among Human, Animal and Environmental Isolates of Cryptosporidium , Pages 203-205 , R.M. Chalmers, K. Elwin Chapter 28 - Cryptosporidium in Eastern Grey Kangaroos Macroqus Giganteus , Pages 207-209 , M.L. Power, M.B. Slade, S.R. Shanker, N.C. Sangster, D.A. Veal Chapter 29 - Detection of Infectious Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts in Environmental Water Samples , Pages 213-224 , George D. Di Giovanni, Ramon Aboytes Chapter 30 - Measuring Inactivation of Cryptosporidium Parvum by In Vitro Cell Culture , Pages 225-231 , Paul A. Rochelle, Alexander A. Mofidi, Karl Linden, Ricardo De Leon Chapter 31 - In Vitro Cultivation and Development of Cryptosporidium in Cell Culture , Pages 233-253 , Nawal Hijjawi Chapter 32 - The Use of Cell Culture and Real-time PCR to Assess Disinfection of Cryptosporidium Parvum , Pages 257-260 , Alexandra Keegan, Stella Gelonese, Paul Monis, Chris Saint Chapter 33 - Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts by Low Pressure UV-light , Pages 261-263 , P. Karanis, D. Schoenen, O. Hoyer Chapter 34 - Detection of Viable Oocysts of Cryptosporidium Parvum by Nucleic Acid Sequence Based Amplification (NASBA) , Pages 265-266 , C.J. Lowery, J.E. Moore, H.P. Thompson, B.C. Millar, J.S.G. Dooley Chapter 35 - Flow Cytometry Evaluation of Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocyst Viability , Pages 267-271 , A. Delaunay, G. Gargala, P. Brasseur, L. Favennec, J.J. Ballet Chapter 36 - The Public Health Significance of Cryptosporidium in the Environment , Pages 275-278 , P.T. Monis, R.M. Chalmers Chapter 37 - Assessing Variables in Disinfection Parameters of Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts , Pages 279-284 , Marilyn M. Marshall Chapter 38 - Detection of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Water Matrices , Pages 285-294 , Frank W. Schaefer III Chapter 39 - Microbiological Health Criteria for Cryptosporidium , Pages 295-301 , Christobel Ferguson, Gertjan Medema, Peter Teunis, Annette Davison, Daniel Deere Chapter 40 - Case-control Studies of Sporadic Cryptosporidiosis in Melbourne and Adelaide , Pages 303-306 , B.R. Robertson, C.K. Fairley, M.I. Sinclair, A.B. Forbes, M.G.K. Veitch, M.D. Kirk, J. Willis, D. Cunliffe Chapter 41 - The DWI Licensed Inter-laboratory Cryptosporidium Proficiency Scheme (CRYPTS) , Pages 307-317 , H.V. Smith, B.M. Campbell, J. Peet Chapter 42 - Detection of Cryptosporidium Spp. Via Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization: Novel Approaches of Background Reduction and Signal Enhancement , Pages 321-323 , M. Dorsch, D.A. Veal Chapter 43 - The Risk of Cryptosporidium to Sydney's Drinking Water Supply , Pages 325-340 , Peter Cox, Peter Hawkins, Malcolm Warnecke, Christobel Ferguson, Daniel Deere, Heriberto Bustamante, Peter Swanson, Merran Griffith, Lynn Tamsitt, Colin Nicholson Chapter 44 - Outbreak of Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis at North Battleford, SK, Canada , Pages 341-344 , P. Wallis, N. Bounsombath, S. Brost, A. Appelbee, B. Clark Chapter 45 - Event Sampling for Cryptosporidium and Gardia in South Australian Water Sources , Pages 345-347 , Suzanne Hayes, Philip Dobson, Warwick Grooby, Bret Robinson Chapter 46 - Drinking Water Regulations for Cryptosporidium in England and Wales , Pages 349-351 , David Drury, Anthony Lloyd Chapter 47 - Why Cryptosporidium Research for Large Water Supplies: Investigations in the Lake Mornos, the Big Water Reservoir of Greater Athens, Greece , Pages 353-355 , P. Karanis, C. Papadopoulou, A. Kimura, E. Economou, C. Kourenti, H. Sakkas Chapter 48 - NATA Accreditation of Laboratories Testing Water for the Presence of Parasitic Protozoa , Pages 357-359 , T.G. Orlova Chapter 49 - Use of Ferric Sulfate Flocculation Method for the Recovery of Cryptosporidium Oocysts from Drinking Water , Pages 361-362 , P. Karanis, A. Kimura Chapter 50 - A sensitive, Semi-quantitative Direct PCR-RFLP Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Five Cryptosporidium Species in Treated Drinking Waters and Mineral Wat , Pages 363-364 , R.A.B. Nichols, C.A. Paton, B.M. Campbell, J. Wastling, H.V. Smith Chapter 51 - The Incidence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Private Water Supplies in the United Kingdom , Pages 365-367 , John Watkins, David Drury Chapter 52 - The Problem with Cryptosporidium in Swimming Pools , Pages 369-370 , G. Nichols, R. Chalmers, R. Rooney, M. Reacher, R. Stanwell Smith, P.R. Hunter, J. McLauchlin, C. Lane Chapter 53 - Development of a Standard Method to Recover Protozoan Parasites from Soft Fruit and Salad Vegetables , Pages 371-373 , C.A. Paton, N. Wilkinson, N. Cook, R.A.B. Nichols, H.V. Smith Chapter 54 - How Safe is Drinking Water in Primary Schools? , Page 375 , U. Chukohtuad, V. Suphiphat Chapter 55 - Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocyst Recovery Using Immunomagnetizable Separation , Pages 377-379 , C.A. Paton, D.E. Kelsey, E.A. Reeve, J.H. Crabb, H.V. Smith Chapter 56 - Significance of Enhanced Morphological Detection of Cryptosporidium sp. Oocysts in Water Concentrates Using DAPI and Immunofluorescence Microscopy , Pages 381-383 , H.V. Smith, B.M. Campbell, C.A. Paton, R.A.B. Nichols Chapter 57 - Surveillance of Cryptosporidiosis: Progressive Approaches , Pages 385-386 , G. Nichols, J. McLauchlin, M. Reacher, P. Hunter, R. Chalmers Chapter 58 - Cryptosporidium and the Environment—Overview and Summary , Pages 387-392 , Rachel M. Chalmers, Paul Monis Chapter 59 - A Review of Chemotherapeutic Approaches to the treatment of Cryptosporidium , Pages 395-403 , A. Armson, J.A. Reynoldson, R.C.A. Thompson Chapter 60 - An Examination of the Activity of the Dinitroanilines on Cryptosporidium Parvum Using In Vitro, In Vivo and Target Expression Methods , Pages 407-409 , A. Armson, R.C.A. Thompson, K. Mennon, L.M. MacDonald, A.J. O'Hara, K. Sargent, L. Pallant, J.A. Reynoldson Chapter 61 - Nitazoxanide in the Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis , Pages 411-412 , J.F. Rossignol, A. Ayoub, L. Favennec, G. Gargala, M.S. Ayers Chapter 62 - The Application of Quantitative-PCR for High Throughput Screening of Novel Compounds Against Cryptosporidium Parvum In Vitro and Their Subsequent IC 50 , Pages 413-416 , Louise Pallant, Louisa MacDonald, Keith Sargent, Anthony Armson, James Reynoldson, Andrew Thompson Facilitators , Pages 419-420 , Peter O'Donoghue, Steve Upton, Huw Smith, Andrew Thompson Index , Pages 421-422 In the relatively short period since Cryptosporidium was recognised as a human pathogen, and that it could be transmitted in water as well as directly between animals and people, it has been the subject of intense investigations. Its status as an opportunistic pathogen, especially in AIDS patients, and the lack of effective anti-cryptosporidial drugs have served to emphasise the public health importance of this organism. This has to some extent overshadowed the fact that Cryptosporidium is also an important pathogen of domestic animals and wildlife.

In recent years, the application of molecular biology and culture techniques have had an enormous impact on our understanding of the aetiological agents of cryptosporidial infections and our ability to study the causative agents in the laboratory. As a consequence, a wealth of information and novel data has been produced during the last 3-4 years, particularly in the areas of taxonomy, biology, pathogenesis, epidemiology - particularly zoonotic and water borne transmission, and treatment.

It is thus very timely to bring together in this book the international research community involved to review the major advances in research and identify the important research priorities for the future, thus enabling as wide an audience as possible to benefit from and share in this comprehensive look at Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis.

In the relatively short period since Cryptosporidium was recognised as a human pathogen, and that it could be transmitted in water as well as directly between animals and people, it has been the subject of intense investigations. Its status as an opportunistic pathogen, especially in AIDS patients, and the lack of effective anti-cryptosporidial drugs have served to emphasise the public health importance of this organism. This has to some extent overshadowed the fact that Cryptosporidium is also an important pathogen of domestic animals and wildlife.

In recent years, the application of molecular biology and culture techniques have had an enormous impact on our understanding of the aetiological agents of cryptosporidial infections and our ability to study the causative agents in the laboratory. As a consequence, a wealth of information and novel data has been produced during the last 3-4 years, particularly in the areas of taxonomy, biology, pathogenesis, epidemiology - particularly zoonotic and water borne transmission, and treatment.

It is thus very timely to bring together in this book the international research community involved to review the major advances in research and identify the important research priorities for the future, thus enabling as wide an audience as possible to benefit from and share in this comprehensive look at Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis