Crying for our elders : African orphanhood in the age of HIV and AIDS

"The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa has defined the childhoods of an entire generation. Over the past twenty years, international NGOs and charities have devoted immense attention to the millions of African children orphaned by the disease. But in Crying for Our Elders, anthropologist Kristen E. Cheney argues that these humanitarian groups have misread the 'orphan crisis.' She explains how the global humanitarian focus on orphanhood often elides the social and political circumstances that actually present the greatest adversity to vulnerable children--in effect deepening the crisis and thereby affecting children's lives as irrevocably as HIV/AIDS itself. Through ethnographic fieldwork and collaborative research with children in Uganda, Cheney traces how the "best interest" principle that governs children's' rights can stigmatize orphans and leave children in the post-antiretroviral era even more vulnerable to exploitation. She details the dramatic effects this has on traditional family support and child protection and stresses child empowerment over pity. Crying for Our Elders advances current discussions on humanitarianism, children's studies, orphanhood, and kinship. By exploring the unique experience of AIDS orphanhood through the eyes of children, caregivers, and policymakers, Cheney shows that despite the extreme challenges of growing up in the era of HIV/AIDS, the post-ARV generation still holds out hope for the future." -- Publisher's description The African HIV/AIDS pandemic has defined the childhoods of an entire generation. Many children have lost their parents to AIDS while HIV-infected children are now surviving thanks to life-saving antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). In this incisive ethnography, Cheney argues that humanitarian misreadings of the 'AIDS orphan crisis' have affected children's lives as irrevocably as HIV/AIDS itself. Using participatory research with the “post-ARV generation” in Uganda, this book traces the social transformations caused by AIDS orphanhood and it impacts on children, families, and communities. Young people’s experiences in the post-ARV era show how orphan suffering is still compounded by poverty and other structural vulnerabilities. Cheney explains how these vulnerabilities have posed new challenges to traditional systems of family support and child protection. Moreover, she argues that global humanitarian responses such as Western ‘orphan rescue’ efforts to relieve the ‘orphan crisis’ have actually deepened it. Crying for Our Elders substantially expands theoretical discussions of humanitarianism, children’s studies, orphanhood, kinship and the resilience of family as well as methodological innovations in longitudinal participatory research with children. Privileging young people’s perspectives, Cheney demonstrates that despite the challenges of growing up in the era of HIV/AIDS, the post-ARV generation still holds out hope for the future Contents Abbreviations Introduction Part 1. Generations of HIV/AIDS, Orphanhood, and Intervention 1. A Generation of HIV/AIDS in Uganda 2. Orphanhood and the Conundrum of Humanitarian Intervention Part 2. Beyond Checking the “Voice” Box: Children’s Rights and Participation in Development and Research 3. Children’s Rights: Participation, Protectionism, and Citizenship 4. Getting Children’s Perspectives: A Child- and Youth-Centered Participatory Approach Part 3. Orphanhood in the Age of HIV and AIDS 5. Orphanhood, Poverty, and the Post-ARV Generation 6. Suffering, Silence, and Status: The Lived Experience of Orphanhood Part 4. Blood Binds: The Transformation of Kinship and the Politics of Adoption 7. Orphanhood and the Transformation of Kinship, Fosterage, and Children’s Circulation Strategies 8. Orphanhood and the Politics of Adoption in Uganda Part 5. Conclusion 9. HIV/AIDS Policy, “Orphan Addiction,” and the Next Generation Acknowledgments Appendix: Children and Household Profiles by Youth Research Assistant Focus Group, 2007–2009 Notes References Index The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa has defined the childhoods of an entire generation. Over the past twenty years, international NGOs and charities have devoted immense attention to the millions of African children orphaned by the disease. But in this work, anthropologist Kristen E. Cheney argues that these humanitarian groups have misread the 'orphan crisis'. She explains how the global humanitarian focus on orphanhood often elides the social and political circumstances that actually present the greatest adversity to vulnerable children - in effect deepening the crisis and thereby affecting children's lives as irrevocably as HIV/AIDS itself