Critics, Compilers, and Commentators : An Introduction to Roman Philology, 200 BCE-800 CE

"To teach correct Latin and to explain the poets" were the two standard duties of Roman teachers. Not only was a command of literary Latin a prerequisite for political and social advancement, but a sense of Latin's history and importance contributed to the Romans' understanding of their own cultural identity. Put plainly, philology-the study of language and texts-was important at Rome. Critics, Compilers, and Commentators is the first comprehensive introduction to the history, forms, and texts of Roman philology. James Zetzel traces the changing role and status of Latin as revealed in the ways it was explained and taught by the Romans themselves. In addition, he provides a descriptive bibliography of hundreds of scholarly texts from antiquity, listing editions, translations, and secondary literature. Recovering a neglected but crucial area of Roman intellectual life, this book will be an essential resource for students of Roman literature and intellectual history, medievalists, and historians of education and language science. Cover 1 Half title 2 Critics, Compilers, and Commentators 4 Copyright 5 Dedication 6 Contents 12 Abbreviations 18 Part I: A Short History of Roman Scholarship 20 Chapter 1: The Face of Learning 22 1. Scholarship and Philology 22 2. The Forms of Learning 24 3. Grammarians and Grammars 26 4. Limits 29 5. How to Use This Book 30 Chapter 2: The Origins of Roman Grammar 34 1. “Grammar” and Grammatici in the Roman Republic 34 2. A Greek Scholar in Rome 39 3. Law and Letters 44 4. Early Roman Philology 46 Chapter 3: Word and World: Varro and His Contemporaries 50 1. Varro the Polymath 50 2. De lingua Latina 53 3. Making Words: Impositio and Declinatio 57 4. The Sources of Speech: Ratio and Consuetudo 65 5. Consensus in Context 68 6. Word and World 74 Chapter 4: Past and Present: From Caecilius Epirota to Valerius Probus 78 1. Modernists and Antiquarians 78 2. Philology in a New Key 83 3. Palaemon, Probus, and Pliny 89 Chapter 5: Finding the Right Word 98 1. Teacher and Pupil 98 2. What Is a Classic? 100 3. The Rise and Fall of Latinity 102 4. Grammarians at Work 107 5. Coda 113 Chapter 6: Dictionaries, Glossaries, Encyclopedias 114 1. Verrius–​Festus–​Paulus 115 2. Nonius Marcellus and Fulgentius 117 3. Glossaries 120 4. Isidore of Seville 136 Chapter 7: Commentary and Exegesis 140 1. The Choice of a Text 141 2. The Place of Commentary 145 3. Three Histories 150 4. Whose Commentary? 175 Chapter 8: Grammars and Grammarians 178 1. Grammatici Latini 179 2. Origins of the Ars 181 3. Varieties of Grammar 188 4. Around the Ars 191 5. Lost Grammars and Pseudonymous Texts 202 6. The Case of Charisius 206 7. Commenting on Grammar: The Tradition of Donatus 209 8. Priscian 216 Chapter 9: Author, Audience, Text 220 1. The Correctors 222 2. Summing Things Up 229 3. God’s Grammar 233 4. Travels and Transformations 236 5. Coda 245 Part II: A Bibliographic Guide 248 Chapter 10: Dictionaries and Encyclopedias 250 1. Festus 250 2. Nonius Marcellus 250 3. Isidore of Seville 251 4. Glossaries 252 Chapter 11: Commentaries 272 1. Terence 272 2. Cicero 276 3. Virgil 281 4. Horace 286 5. Ovid 287 6. Germanicus 288 7. Persius 290 8. Lucan 290 9. Statius 292 10. Juvenal 294 Chapter 12: Grammars and Other Forms of Erudition 298 1. Agroecius 298 2. Apthonius (Asmonius) 299 3. Apuleius 300 4. Arusianus Messius 300 5. Asper 301 6. Atilius Fortunatianus 302 7. Audax 302 8. Augustinus 303 9. Caesius Bassus 304 10. Caper 305 11. Cassiodorus 305 12. Censorinus 308 13. Charisius 308 14. Cledonius 310 15. Consentius 310 16. Cornutus 311 17. Coronatus 312 18. Diomedes 313 19. Donatianus 314 20. Donatus 315 21. Dositheus 316 22. Eutyches 317 23. Fulgentius 317 24. Macrobius (Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius) 319 25. Mallius Theodorus 320 26. C. Marius Victorinus 320 27. Martianus Capella 322 28. Martyrius 323 29. Metrorius 324 30. Palaemon 324 31. Palladius 325 32. Papirius (Papirianus, Paperinus) 326 33. Phocas 326 34. Pompeius 327 35. Priscian 328 36. Probus 331 37. Rufinus 335 38. Sacerdos 336 39. Scaurus 337 40. Servius (and “Sergius”) 338 41. Severus 343 42. Terentianus Maurus 343 43. M. Terentius Varro 344 44. Velius Longus 346 45. Victorinus 347 46. Anonymous Grammatical Texts 349 Chapter 13: Early Medieval Grammars 358 1. Alcuin 359 2. Aldhelm 359 3. Asporius (also known as Asperius or Asper Minor) 359 4. Beda 360 5. Bonifatius (Vynfreth) 361 6. Clemens Scottus 362 7. Cruindmelus 362 8. Dicuil 363 9. Donatus Ortigraphus 363 10. Dynamius 363 11. Erchanbert of Freising 364 12. Godescalc (Gottschalk) of Orbais 364 13. Hilderic of Monte Cassino 364 14. Hrabanus (Rabanus, Rhabanus) Maurus 364 15. Isidorus Iunior 365 16. Israel Scottus 365 17. Iulianus of Toledo 365 18. Malsachanus 366 19. Mico of Saint Riquier 367 20. Murethach (Muridac) 368 21. Paulus Diaconus 368 22. Peter of Pisa 368 23. Remigius of Auxerre 369 24. Sedulius Scottus 371 25. Sergi{li}us 371 26. Smaragdus 372 27. Tatwine 372 28. Ursus of Beneventum 372 29. Usuard of Saint-​Germain 373 30. Virgilius Maro Grammaticus 373 31. Walahfrid Strabo 374 32. Aggressus quidam 374 33. Anonymus ad Cuimnanum 374 34. Ars Ambianensis 375 35. Ars Ambrosiana 376 36. Ars Augiensis 376 37. Ars Bernensis 377 38. Ars Brugensis 377 39. Ars est ab artu dicta 377 40. Ars Laureshamensis 378 41. Cunabula grammaticae artis 378 42. Quae sunt quae 378 43. Ars Nanceiana (Sapientia ex sapore) 378 44. [Hieronymus] 379 45. Erfurt Florilegium 379 46. De litteris 379 47. Parsing Grammars 381 48. Declinationes nominum 381 49. Miscellaneous Minor Texts 381 Works Cited 384 Index 432 To teach correct Latin and to explain the poets" were the two standard duties of Roman teachers. Not only was a command of literary Latin a prerequisite for political and social advancement, but a sense of Latin's history and importance contributed to the Romans' understanding of their own cultural identity. Put plainly, philology? the study of language and texts? was important at Rome.0'Critics, Compilers, and Commentators' is the first comprehensive introduction to the history, forms, and texts of Roman philology. James Zetzel traces the changing role and status of Latin as revealed in the ways it was explained and taught by the Romans themselves. In addition, he provides a descriptive bibliography of hundreds of scholarly texts from antiquity, listing editions, translations, and secondary literature. Recovering a neglected but crucial area of Roman intellectual life, this book will be an essential resource for students of Roman literature and intellectual history, medievalists, and historians of education and language science Critics, Compilers, And Commentators Is The First Comprehensive Introduction To Roman Philology-the Study Of Latin Language And Latin Texts. It Explains Its History And Forms As They Were Transformed By Changing Intellectual And Social Contexts, And Provides Description And Bibliography Of Hundreds Of Surviving Dictionaries, Commentaries, And Grammars. Part I: A Short History Of Roman Scholarship. The Face Of Learning -- The Origins Of Roman Grammar -- Word And World: Varro And His Contemporaries -- Past And Present: From Caecilius Epirota To Valerius Probus -- Finding The Right Word -- Dictionaries, Glossaries, Encyclopedias -- Commentary And Exegesis -- Grammar And Grammarians -- Author, Audience, Text -- Part Ii: A Bibliographical Guide. Dictionaries And Encyclopedias -- Commentaries -- Grammars And Other Forms Of Erudition -- Early Medieval Grammars. James E. G. Zetzel. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.