Critical Care Pharmacotherapy (Jan 1, 2018)_(1939862205)_(American College of Clinical Pharmacy)

Cover Half Title Title Copyright Dedication Contents Preface Foreword Letter from ACCP Section 1: Supportive Care Chapter 1: Acid-Base Disorders Chapter 2: Fluid Therapy in the Critically Ill Patient Chapter 3: Electrolyte Disorders in the Critically Ill Population Chapter 4: Nutrition Support Therapy in Critically Ill Patients Chapter 5: Glucose Management in the Critically Ill Population Chapter 6: Analgesia Chapter 7: Agitation and Comfort in the Intensive Care Unit Chapter 8: Delirium in Critically Ill Adults Chapter 9: Neuromuscular Blocking Agents Chapter 10: Shock Syndromes Section 2: Infectious Diseases Chapter 11: Appropriate Use of Antimicrobials Chapter 12: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerationsfor Antimicrobial Use in Critically Ill Patients Chapter 13: Laboratory Testing Considerations Chapter 14: Antimicrobial Resistance in the Critical Care Environment Chapter 15: Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Chapter 16: Invasive Fungal Infections Chapter 17: Invasive Viral Infections in the Intensive Care Unit Chapter 18: Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Section 3: Neurocritical Care Chapter 19: Status Epilepticus and Acute Seizure Management Chapter 20: Traumatic Brain Injury and Acute Spinal Cord Injury Chapter 21: Acute Management of Stroke Chapter 22: Critical Care Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Section 4: Hematology Chapter 23: Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Chapter 24: Hemostatic Agents for the Prevention and Management of Hemorrhage in the ICU Chapter 25: Laboratory Testing with Anticoagulation Section 5: Acute Kidney Injury Chapter 26: Acute Kidney Injury—Prevention and Management LEARNING OBJECTIVES ABBREVIATIONS IN THIS CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Incidence and Prognosis Etiology Table 26.1 Examples of Risk Factors Associated withAKI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Prerenal Azotemia Intrarenal (Intrinsic) AKI Sepsis Acute Tubular Necrosis Table 26.2 Common Clinical Laboratory Evaluation of AKI Ischemia/Vascular Endogenous Nephrotoxins Exogenous Nephrotoxins Postrenal AKI DISEASE ASSESSMENT History and Physical Examination Serum and Urinary Measures Table 26.3 Common Criteria Used for AKI SeverityStaging Urine Microscopy Renal Imaging and Biopsy Studies Novel Biomarkers PREVENTION AND TREATMENT General Approaches Table 26.4 General AKI Prevention/ TreatmentStrategies Hypovolemia Chapter 27: Drug Dosing in Acute Kidney Injury and Extracorporeal Therapies LEARNING OBJECTIVES ABBREVIATIONS IN THIS CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Outcomes with Renal Replacement Therapy RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY COMPONENTS OF THERAPIES Filters and Dialyzers Anticoagulation Composition of Dialysate and Replacement Fluids Table 27.1 Composition of Dialysate and ReplacementFluids TYPES OF RENAL REPLACEMENT Intermittent Techniques Intermittent Hemodialysis Table 27.2 Typical Conditions During RenalReplacement Therapies40,119 Table 27.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of RenalReplacement Therapies Sustained Low Efficiency Dialysis and Extended Daily Dialysis Peritoneal Dialysis (intermittent or continuous) Continuous Renal Replacement Techniques Slow Continuous Ultrafiltration Figure 27.1 Slow continuous ultrafiltration (SCUF)circuit. Continuous Venovenous Hemodialysis Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration Box 27.1. Characteristics of Drugs That EnhanceDialytic Clearance DRUG-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS AND CLEARANCEBY CONTINUOUS EXTRACORPOREAL DIALYTICTECHNIQUES Molecular Weight Hydrophilicity vs. Lipophilicity Figure 27.2 Intermittent hemodialysis circuit. Figure 27.3 Continuous venovenous hemodialysis(CVVHD) circuit. Figure 27.4 Continuous venovenous hemofiltrationcircuit demonstrating movement of blood flow and solutes. Figure 27.5 Continuous venovenous hemofiltration(CVVH) circuit incorporating pre- and post-filterreplacement fluids. Figure 27.6 Circuitry of continuous venovenoushemodiafiltration ( CVVHDF) with pre- and post-filter fluidreplacement. Protein Binding Volume of Distribution Section 6: Liver/Gastrointestinal Chapter 28: Management and Drug Dosing in Acute Liver Failure Chapter 29: Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Prophylaxis and Treatment Section 7: Acute Pulmonary Disease Chapter 30: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Chapter 31: Critical Care Management of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Section 8: Cardiovascular Critical Care Chapter 32: Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Chapter 33: Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome Chapter 34: Management of Cardiac Arrest Chapter 35: Acute Management of Arrhythmias Chapter 36: Pharmacologic Challenges During Mechanical Circulatory Support in Adults Section 9: Other Urgencies and Emergencies Chapter 37: Hypertensive Crisis Chapter 38: Medication Withdrawal in the Intensive Care Unit Chapter 39: Endocrine Disorders Chapter 40: Oncologic Emergencies Section 10: Miscellaneous Chapter 41: Drug Dosing in Special Intensive Care Unit Populations Chapter 42: Management of the Critically Ill Burn Patient Chapter 43: The Role of Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of the Multiple Trauma Patient Chapter 44: Pediatric Critical Care Chapter 45: Drug Shortages: An Overview of Causes, Impact, and Management Strategies Chapter 46: Drug Interactions in the Intensive Care Unit Chapter 47: Acute Illness Scoring Systems Chapter 48: Leading and Managing Intensive Care Unit Pharmacy Services Chapter 49: Medication Safety and Active Surveillance Chapter 50: Care of the Immunocompromised Patient Chapter 51: Clinically Applied Pharmacogenomics in Critical Care Settings Contributors Reviewers Index Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest Back Cover Fifty-one chapters, written by the most experienced critical care pharmacists in the field, cover topics in supportive care, infectious diseases, neurocritical care, cardiovascular critical care, and more. Also featured are chapters dealing with unique pharmacotherapy challenges in special ICU populations such as multiple trauma patients, as well as chapters on patient safety, credentialing, and compliance issues. A special foreword in Critical Care Pharmacotherapy provides a historical analysis of critical care pharmacy practice from the perspectives of experienced practitioners as well as recent entrants in the field