Criminal Procedure: From the Courtroom To the Street (Aspen College)

Criminal Procedure: From the Courtroom to the Street is a criminal procedure textbook specifically designed for the undergraduate college student. This text provides students with an understanding of the legal theories involved, the constitutional reasoning for such theories and procedures and then most importantly, how those theories are applied in the real world. The objective of this text is to not only teach the law, but also offer students an understanding of how the law is actually applied in the field and in the courtroom. Key Features and#34;On the Streetand#34; scenarios throughout the book provide an opportunity for the students to apply legal theory to real world street situations. Focused on the legal decision-making skills criminal justice professionals need when making an arrest, collecting evidence, or conducting an interrogation. Vibrant, relevant and readable approach enables students to learn not only the constitutional foundations for the laws and rules of criminal procedure but also how the law applies in today's world. The text is logically organized into a variety of topic areas that are pertinent to the actual work of criminal justice professionals. The author's extensive experience as a police officer, lawyer, and professor gives the book an ideal balance of theory and practice. Cover ......Page 1 Halftitle Page ......Page 2 Editorial Page ......Page 3 Title Page ......Page 4 Copyright Page ......Page 5 About Wolters Kluwer Law & Business ......Page 6 Summary of Contents ......Page 8 Contents......Page 10 Preface ......Page 22 Acknowledgments ......Page 24 About the Author ......Page 26 Section I: Foundations of Criminal Procedure......Page 30 Appellate Courts ......Page 34 Th e U.S. Supreme Court......Page 35 State Versus Federal Procedure ......Page 36 Criminal Versus Civil Law......Page 37 Arrest ......Page 38 Preliminary Hearing ......Page 39 Felony Arraignment......Page 40 Plea Bargaining......Page 41 Sentencing......Page 42 Review Questions......Page 44 References......Page 45 Chapter 2: The Appellate Process......Page 46 U.S. Court of Appeals......Page 48 State Appellate Structure......Page 49 State Appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court......Page 50 The Role of the Executive Branch......Page 51 The U.S. Supreme Court and Criminal Procedure......Page 52 The Decision Process ......Page 53 Miranda v. Arizona......Page 54 Review Questions......Page 55 References......Page 56 Chapter 3: The History and Development of Due Process......Page 58 Brown v. Mississippi, 297 U.S. 278 (1936)......Page 59 What Is Due Process? ......Page 61 Rochin v. California, 342 U.S. 165 (1952)......Page 62 The Application of the Individual Rights to the States ......Page 63 Legal Terminology......Page 64 References......Page 65 The Origin of the Exclusionary Rule ......Page 66 The History of the Exclusionary Rule ......Page 67 Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961)......Page 68 The Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine ......Page 69 Attenuation Doctrine......Page 70 Good Faith Exception......Page 71 Segura v. United States, 468 U.S. 796 (1984)......Page 72 Nix v. Williams, 467 U.S. 431 (1984)......Page 73 Civil Cases......Page 75 Evidence Obtained by Private Citizens......Page 76 Review Questions......Page 77 References......Page 78 Section II: Search and Seizure......Page 80 Chapter 5: Search and Seizure of Persons......Page 82 Sources of Probable Cause......Page 83 Arrest Warrants......Page 85 Maryland v. Buie, 494 U.S. 325 (1990)......Page 86 United States v. Santana, 427 U.S. 38 (1976)......Page 87 Danger to Persons......Page 88 Immediate Destruction of Eviden......Page 89 United States v. Robinson, 414 U.S. 218 (1973)......Page 90 Search Within the Immediate Reach and Control......Page 92 Vale v. Louisiana, 399 U.S. 30 (1970)......Page 93 United States v. Brima Wurie, 573 U.S. ____ (2014)......Page 94 Search of Closed Containers......Page 96 Exigent Circumstances: Immediate Destruction of Evidence......Page 97 Summary......Page 98 Review Questions......Page 99 References......Page 100 Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968)......Page 102 Step One: Reasonable Suspicion......Page 104 Step Three: Stop ......Page 105 Step Four: General Inquiry......Page 106 Step Five: The Officer’s Fears Are Not Dispelled ......Page 107 Step Six: Frisk......Page 108 The Expansion of Stop and Frisk ......Page 109 United States v. Sokolow, 490 U.S. 1 (1989)......Page 110 Stop and Frisk and Motor Vehicles......Page 111 The Frisk and Probable Cause ......Page 112 Minnesota v. Dickerson, 508 U.S. 366 (1993)......Page 113 Review Questions......Page 114 References......Page 115 Traffic Offenses ......Page 116 Maryland v. Wilson, 519 U.S. 408 (1997)......Page 117 Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325 (1990)......Page 118 Sobriety Checkpoints......Page 119 Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz, 496 U.S. 444 (199......Page 120 Drug Checkpoints......Page 121 Immigration Checkpoints......Page 122 United States v. Montoya de Hernandez, 473 U.S. 531 (1985)......Page 123 Summary......Page 125 References......Page 126 Contraband......Page 128 Katz. v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967)......Page 129 Bond v. United States, 529 U.S. 334 (2000)......Page 131 Greenwood v. California, 486 U.S. 35 (1988)......Page 132 Plain View......Page 134 United States v. Montgomery Gray, 78 F.Supp.2d 524 (1999)......Page 135 Plain Smell......Page 136 Open Fields Doctrine......Page 137 Oliver v. United States, 466 U.S. 170 (1984)......Page 138 Technology and Privacy......Page 139 United States v. Knotts, 460 U.S. 276 (1983)......Page 140 Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27 (2001)......Page 141 Public Exposure to Technology......Page 142 Review Questions......Page 145 References......Page 146 Standing......Page 148 Hotels......Page 149 Shared Standing......Page 150 Cotenants......Page 151 Consent to Search Motor Vehicles......Page 153 Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218 (1973)......Page 154 Scope of the Consent......Page 155 United States v. Russell, 664 F.3d 1279 (2012)......Page 156 Administrative Searches......Page 157 Review Questions......Page 158 References......Page 159 Chapter 10: Vehicle Searches......Page 160 United States v. Ross, 456 U.S. 798 (1982)......Page 161 Chambers v. Maroney, 399 U.S. 42 (1970)......Page 163 South Dakota v. Opperman, 428 U.S. 364 (1976)......Page 164 Arizona v. Gant, 556 U.S. 332 (2009)......Page 165 Recreational Vehicles......Page 166 Summary......Page 167 References......Page 168 Section III: Self-Incrimination......Page 170 The Miranda Rights ......Page 174 Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)......Page 175 Waiver of Rights......Page 177 Invoking the Rights......Page 182 Maryland v. Shatzer, 559 U.S.98, 130 S. Ct. 1213. (2010)......Page 183 The Consequences of an Illegal Interrogation ......Page 185 Summary......Page 186 References......Page 187 Custodial......Page 188 Stop and Frisk......Page 189 Berkemer v. McCarty, 468 U.S. 420 (1984)......Page 190 The Field Interview ......Page 191 The Police Station Interview ......Page 192 Oregon v. Mathiason, 429 U.S. 492 (1977)......Page 193 J. D. B. v. North Carolina, 131 S. Ct. 2394 (2011)......Page 194 Interrogation......Page 195 Unsolicited and Spontaneous Statements......Page 196 Law Enforcement......Page 197 Private Security......Page 198 Non–Law Enforcement Government Officials ......Page 199 New York v. Quarles, 467 U.S. 649 (1984)......Page 200 Terrorism and the Public Safety Exception......Page 201 Review Questions......Page 203 References......Page 204 Chapter 13: Identification Procedures ......Page 206 Pretrial Identification Procedures ......Page 207 Lineup Procedures......Page 208 Neil v. Biggers, 409 U.S. 188 (1972)......Page 209 Degree of Attention......Page 212 Totality of Circumstances and Showups......Page 213 Summary......Page 214 References......Page 215 Section IV: Constitutional Issues......Page 216 Right to a Speedy Trial......Page 218 Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514 (1972)......Page 219 Prejudice to the Defendant by the Delay......Page 220 Statutory Law......Page 221 Right to an Impartial Trial by Jury......Page 222 Jury Service......Page 223 Jury Selection......Page 224 Jury Nullification ......Page 225 The Impact of Publicity ......Page 226 Judicial Management of Publicity......Page 228 Legal Terminology......Page 230 References......Page 231 Chapter 15: Double Jeopardy......Page 232 Heath v. Alabama, 474 U.S. 82 (1985)......Page 233 Probable Cause and Double Jeopardy......Page 235 Ashe v. Swenson, 397 U.S. 436 (1970)......Page 236 Review Questions......Page 237 References......Page 238 Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963......Page 240 The Gideon Impact ......Page 242 Self-Representation......Page 243 Determination of Indigency......Page 244 Selection of Appointed Counsel......Page 245 Summary......Page 246 References......Page 247 Chapter 17: Bail and Pretrial Detention......Page 248 Nature of the Crime......Page 249 Excessive Bail......Page 250 United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739 (1987)......Page 251 Summary......Page 252 References......Page 253 Models of Punishment......Page 254 Incarceration......Page 255 Probation......Page 256 Monetary Fines......Page 257 Death Penalty......Page 258 Nature of the Crime......Page 259 Offender Status ......Page 260 Intoxication......Page 261 The Impact of the Eighth Amendment ......Page 262 Weems v. United States, 217 U.S. 349 (1910)......Page 263 Ewing v. California, 538 U.S. 11 (2003)......Page 264 Graham v. Florida, 130 S. Ct. 2011 (2010)......Page 265 Criminalization of Disease or Addiction......Page 266 Detention Facilities......Page 267 Legal Terminology......Page 268 References......Page 269 Chapter 19: The Death Penalty......Page 270 Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972)......Page 271 Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976)......Page 272 Coker v. Georgia, 433 U.S. 584 (1977)......Page 274 Mental Illness and the Death Penalty......Page 275 Summary......Page 276 References......Page 277 Legal Terminology List......Page 278 Table of Cases......Page 284 Index......Page 286