Criminal Law and Procedure for the Paralegal: A Systems Approach (West Legal Studies)

Criminal Law and Procedure for the Paralegal: A Systems Approach, third Edition prepares paralegals in the principles of criminal law as well as in the practice skills needed daily in the law office. Presented in a clear, logical, outline format, the text includes effective learning features such as charts, checklists, forms, documents, legal terminology, helpful web sites, a systems folder, and numerous illustrative case examples. This comprehensive text blends theory with practice and incorporates insights into the fascinating world of crime and criminals and the legal professionals who work within the justice system. Important features of the text include sections on the criminal justice standards unique to prosecution, defense, and the court; coverage of the often competing rationales and public policies behind the law and judicial decisions; discussion of the impact of the PATRIOT Act and the war on terrorism; the many opportunities for students to apply both critical thinking and law-office practice skills; and interesting and, occasionally, humorous quotations relevant to criminal justice. The text's clear presentation of the law and its many unique features make it popular among students and instructors alike. Students will have the opportunity to draft legal documents, perform legal research, use the Internet, practice legal writing skills, and apply case law. The systems approach used in the text continues to be one of its most popular features, and the clear, concise, yet thorough presentation of concepts and skills leads to the development of a more thoughtful and accurate professional. Front Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 CONTENTS......Page 8 TABLE OF EXHIBITS......Page 20 TABLE OF CASES......Page 22 PREFACE......Page 36 1 FOUNDATIONS OF CRIMINAL LAW......Page 42 B. The Constitution......Page 43 D. Police Power......Page 44 A. Purpose of Criminal Law......Page 45 B. Sources of Criminal Law......Page 46 E. International Crime......Page 47 I. Classification of Crimes......Page 48 B. Retribution......Page 49 C. Deterrence......Page 50 D. Rehabilitation......Page 51 V. CRITICAL REASON AND CRIMINAL LAW......Page 52 A. Current State of Crime......Page 54 C. Special Concerns: Present and Future......Page 55 A. The Significance of Studying Criminal Law......Page 56 IX. SAMPLE CASES......Page 57 C. Case III......Page 58 E. Case V......Page 59 X. CONCLUSION......Page 60 2 ADMINISTRATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND THE ROLE OF THE PARALEGAL......Page 66 II. LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES......Page 67 III. PROSECUTORIAL AGENCIES......Page 68 V. CORRECTIONS AGENCIES......Page 69 B. Jurisdiction......Page 70 C. Criminal Procedure......Page 71 B. Adversary System......Page 75 C. Role of the Prosecutor......Page 76 D. Role of the Defense Attorney......Page 77 E. Role of the Judge......Page 79 A. Paralegal Tasks in Criminal Law Offices......Page 80 B. Paralegal Ethical Responsibilities......Page 81 D. Professional Development......Page 84 IX. CONCLUSION......Page 85 3 COMPONENTS OF A CRIME......Page 90 II. HARM OR LIKELY HARM: THE CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMES......Page 91 B. Voluntary and Involuntary Acts......Page 92 C. Omissions......Page 93 D. Possession......Page 94 A. Introduction......Page 95 B. Model Penal Code Definitions......Page 96 E. Strict Liability......Page 98 A. Introduction......Page 100 C. Supervening or Superseding Causes......Page 101 B. Parties to Crimes......Page 102 C. Actus Reus in Complicity......Page 103 D. Mens Rea in Complicity......Page 104 E. Abandonment......Page 105 B. Vicarious Liability......Page 106 C. Corporate Liability......Page 107 VIII. CONCLUSION......Page 110 4 CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS AND CRIMES AGAINST HABITATION......Page 116 B. Lesser Included Offense......Page 117 A. Introduction......Page 118 B. Homicide......Page 119 C. Assault and Battery......Page 132 D. Civil Rights Violations......Page 143 E. Sexual Battery......Page 144 F. Criminal Abuse......Page 155 G. Kidnapping, False Imprisonment, and Custodial Interference......Page 158 B. Arson......Page 162 D. Burglary......Page 164 IV. CONCLUSION......Page 167 5 CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY, PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY, PUBLICMORALS, AND JUSTICE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION......Page 176 B. Larceny......Page 177 C. Embezzlement......Page 180 D. False Pretenses or Fraud......Page 181 G. Forgery and Uttering a Forged Instrument......Page 183 H. Robbery......Page 184 I. Extortion......Page 187 J. Consolidated Theft......Page 188 K. Cybercrimes......Page 191 L. White-Collar Crime......Page 193 A. Introduction......Page 197 B. Terrorism......Page 198 C. Disorderly Conduct......Page 199 E. Vagrancy and Loitering......Page 200 F. Endangering Public Health and Environment......Page 201 G. Use and Distribution of Firearms......Page 202 B. Nonviolent Sexual Conduct......Page 203 D. Drug Offenses......Page 208 B. Bribery......Page 211 C. Perjury......Page 212 F. Escape......Page 213 VI. CONCLUSION......Page 214 6 INCHOATE AND ORGANIZED CRIMES......Page 224 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 225 B. Mens Rea in Attempt......Page 226 C. Actus Reus in Attempt......Page 228 D. Defenses to Attempt......Page 231 A. Introduction......Page 232 B. Mens Rea in Conspiracy......Page 233 C. Actus Reus in Conspiracy......Page 234 D. Defenses to Conspiracy......Page 238 E. Hearsay Exception......Page 239 F. Problems with Conspiracy......Page 242 IV. SOLICITATION......Page 244 B. RICO Elements......Page 245 VI. CONTINUING CRIMINAL ENTERPRISE (CCE)......Page 246 VII. CRIMINAL GANGS......Page 249 VIII. CONCLUSION......Page 250 7 DEFENSES......Page 258 C. Burden of Proof......Page 259 B. Freedom of Religion......Page 260 C. Freedom of Expression......Page 261 E. Double Jeopardy......Page 262 F. Substantive Due Process......Page 264 G. Right to Privacy......Page 265 A. Introduction......Page 266 B. Self-Defense......Page 267 C. Defense of Third Persons......Page 271 F. Execution of Public Duties......Page 272 B. Duress......Page 273 C. Necessity......Page 274 D. Entrapment......Page 275 E. Insanity......Page 277 B. Actus Reus as a Missing Element......Page 283 C. Mens Rea as a Missing Element......Page 284 D. Consent......Page 287 VI. SYNDROMES......Page 288 VII. CONCLUSION......Page 289 8 INTAKE AND DRAFTING THE COMPLAINT......Page 298 B. Preparing for Intake......Page 299 C. The Interview......Page 303 D. Counseling the Victim......Page 306 A. Authority, Limits, and Immunity from Civil Suit......Page 307 B. Joinder of Offenses and Defendants......Page 309 A. Drafting from the Intake Form......Page 311 B. Drafting from the Police Report......Page 312 A. Summons......Page 313 C. E-Filing and Monitoring......Page 314 VI. DOCKET TRACKING......Page 315 VII. CONCLUSION......Page 316 9 SEARCH AND SEIZURE......Page 346 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 347 B. Reasonable Expectation of Privacy......Page 348 A. Issuance: Probable Cause, Neutrality, Particularity......Page 356 B. Execution of the Warrant......Page 359 A. Introduction......Page 364 B. Arrest......Page 365 C. Stop and Frisk (Investigatory Detention)......Page 369 D. Search Incident to Lawful Arrest......Page 371 E. Plain View......Page 372 F. Motor Vehicle Searches......Page 373 H. Evanescent Evidence......Page 378 I. Border, Regulatory, and Emergency Searches......Page 379 J. Consent Searches......Page 384 L. Community Caretaking Function......Page 387 V. ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE AND THE PATRIOT ACT......Page 390 VI. SECRET AGENTS......Page 392 VII. THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE......Page 393 VIII. CONCLUSION......Page 396 10 CONFESSIONS AND PRETRIAL IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURES......Page 402 A. Introduction......Page 403 B. Who Is Protected by the Right Against Self-Incrimination?......Page 404 E. When Can Incriminating Testimony be Compelled?......Page 405 A. Introduction......Page 407 B. Miranda......Page 415 C. Issues Miranda Left Unanswered......Page 416 D. Effect of Denial of Right to Counsel (Massiah) and Harmless Error......Page 424 F. The Paralegal’s Role......Page 425 A. Introduction......Page 427 C. Due Process and Pretrial Identifications......Page 428 V. CONCLUSION......Page 429 11 PRETRIAL: INITIAL APPEARANCE TO PRELIMINARY HEARING......Page 438 B. Notice of Rights and Determination of Indigency......Page 439 C. Bail......Page 441 D. Initial Appearance: Paralegal’s Role......Page 443 C. Terrorism and Detention Issues......Page 448 B. Interviewing the Defendant......Page 449 C. Interviewing Witnesses......Page 455 E. Dealing with the Difficult Client......Page 456 F. Interview Summaries......Page 457 B. Prosecution......Page 458 C. Preparing Questions for the Preliminary Hearing......Page 459 VI. PRELIMINARY HEARING......Page 460 VIII. CONCLUSION......Page 462 12 PRETRIAL: GRAND JURY TO PRETRIAL CONFERENCE......Page 476 B. Composition......Page 477 C. Powers......Page 478 E. Procedure......Page 479 F. The Paralegal’s Role: Prosecution......Page 480 G. The Paralegal’s Role: Defense......Page 481 A. Introduction......Page 483 B. The Paralegal’s Role......Page 484 B. The Law on Discovery......Page 485 C. Exculpatory Evidence......Page 486 D. Discovery Procedure and the Paralegal’s Role......Page 487 VI. OTHER INVESTIGATION......Page 490 C. Common Pretrial Motions......Page 491 VIII. NOTICE OF DEFENSES......Page 493 IX. PLEA BARGAINING......Page 494 X. THE RIGHT TO A SPEEDY TRIAL......Page 496 XII. CONCLUSION......Page 497 13 TRIAL: RIGHTS, PROCEDURE, TASKS......Page 520 A. The Right to a Jury Trial......Page 521 B. The Right to Counsel......Page 522 C. The Rights of Presence and Confrontation......Page 523 III. FAIR TRIAL VERSUS FREE PRESS AND PUBLIC ACCESS......Page 525 B. The Trial Notebook......Page 526 D. Trial Materials......Page 527 A. Voir Dire......Page 528 C. The Prosecution’s Case and the Presentation of Evidence......Page 532 E. Motion for Judgment of Acquittal......Page 538 H. Motion for Judgment of Acquittal or Directed Verdict......Page 539 J. Closing Arguments......Page 540 L. Jury Deliberation......Page 541 B. Types of Posttrial Motions......Page 543 VII. CONCLUSION......Page 544 14 SENTENCING, PUNISHMENT, AND REVIEW......Page 554 B. Setting and Serving the Sentence......Page 555 A. Introduction......Page 556 B. Capital Punishment......Page 557 C. Incarceration......Page 564 D. Fines......Page 565 F. Forfeiture......Page 566 G. Probation......Page 567 B. Three Strikes Laws and Mandatory Minimums......Page 568 C. Sentencing Guidelines......Page 569 C. Presentence Report......Page 570 D. Alternative Sentencing Plan......Page 571 E. The Sentencing Hearing......Page 572 B. Parole and Its Revocation......Page 577 C. Rights and Responsibilities of Prisoners......Page 578 A. Introduction......Page 579 B. Basis for Appeal......Page 580 C. Appellate Procedure......Page 581 A. Introduction......Page 583 B. Criteria for Access to Habeas Corpus......Page 584 VIII. CONCLUSION......Page 585 APPENDIX A: SYSTEM FOLDER CONTENTS......Page 626 APPENDIX B: EXCERPTS FROM THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA......Page 632 GLOSSARY......Page 638 SPANISH GLOSSARY......Page 644 INDEX......Page 648 Criminal Law and Procedure: A Systems Approach, Third Edition, is a clear and stimulating presentation of substantive criminal law and procedure and the role of the paralegal in the law office setting. Presented in a clear, logical, outline format, the book includes effective learning features such as charts, checklists, forms, documents, legal terminology, helpful Web site, a systems folder, and numerous illustrative examples. A unique emphasis on the roles of the prosecutor, defense attorney, and the paralegal, and the professional ethics that apply to each is provided. The book enriches learning by providing insights into crime, punishment, criminal justice standards for prosecution, defense, and the court, and the competing policies behind the law and judicial decisions. The systems approach used throughout the book continues to be one of its most popular features, and the clear, concise, yet thorough presentation of concepts and skills leads to the development of a more thoughtful and accurate professional. This text prepares paralegals in the principles of criminal law as well as in the practice skills needed daily in the law office. Presented in a clear, logical, outline format, Criminal Law and Procedure for the A Systems Approach, third , includes effective learning features such as charts, checklists, forms, documents, legal terminology, helpful web sites, and numerous illustrative case examples. A systems folder is also included to help build an impressive practice system of topically arranged forms, legal principles, rules, checklists, and other materials. This comprehensive text blends theory with practice and incorporates insights into the fascinating world of crime and criminals and the legal professionals who work within the justice system. The systems approach used continues to be one of the most popular features of this text, and the clear, concise, yet thorough presentation of concepts and skills leads to the development of a more thoughtful and accurate paralegal professional. Foundations of criminal law Administration of criminal justice and the role of the paralegal Components of a crime Crimes against persons and crimes against habitation Crimes against property, public order and safety, public morals, and justice and public administration Inchoate and organized crimes Defenses Intake and drafting the complaint Search and seizure Confessions and pretrial identification procedures. Prepares paralegals in the principles of criminal law as well as in the practical skills needed in the law office. This comprehensive text blends theory with practice and incorporates insights into the fascinating world of crime and criminals and the legal professionals who work within the justice system.