جنایت و مکافات در انقلاب روسیه: عدالت جمعی و پلیس در پتروگراد

Russians from all walks of life poured into the streets of the imperial capital after the February Revolution of 1917, joyously celebrating the end of Tsar Nicholas II's monarchy. One year later, with Lenin's Bolsheviks now in power, Petrograd's deserted streets presented a very different scene. No celebrations marked the Revolution's anniversary. Amid widespread civil strife and lawlessness, a fearful citizenry stayed out of sight.In Crime and Punishment in the Russian Revolution, Tsuyoshi Hasegawa offers a new perspective on Russia's revolutionary year through the lens of violent crime and its devastating effect on ordinary people. When the Provisional Government assumed power after Nicholas II's abdication, it set about instituting liberal reforms, including eliminating the tsar's regular police. But dissolving this much-hated yet efficient police force and replacing it with a new municipal police led rapidly to the breakdown of order and services. Amid the chaos, crime flourished. Gangs of criminals, deserters, and hooligans brazenly roamed the streets. Mass prison escapes became common. And vigilantism spread widely as ordinary citizens felt compelled to take the law into their own hands, often meting out mob justice on suspected wrongdoers.The Bolsheviks swept into power in the October Revolution but had no practical plans to reestablish order. As crime continued to escalate and violent alcohol riots almost drowned the revolutionary regime, they redefined it as “counterrevolutionary activity,” to be dealt with by the secret police, whose harshly repressive, extralegal means of enforcement helped pave the way for a Communist dictatorship. In A New Perspective On The Russian Revolution, Tsuyoshi Hasegawa Examines In Detail The Convulsions Of The Revolutionary Year From March 1917 To March 1918 Through The Lens Of Violent Crime, Police Behavior, And The Responses Of Ordinary People In The Capital City, St. Petersburg. A Frightening Rise In Crime, Especially Violent Crime, Threatened The Daily Life Of Ordinary Citizens. They Often Took The Law Into Their Own Hands, And Frequently Resorted To Mob Justice, A Reflection Of The Breakdown Of The Social Fabric As Well As The Psychological State Of People Uneasy About Or Threatened By The Changes Going On Around Them. Crime And Punishment In The Russian Revolution Examines How The New Police Power Created Under The Provisional Government Broke Down, The Nature Of The Crimes Threatening The City, And How People Reacted. It Then Explores How Violent Crime Continued To Rise Under The Bolshevik Regime, And What The Bolsheviks Did To Control Upheaval In The Streets. The Result Is A New Way Of Looking At The Nature Of Bolshevik Power After The October Revolution. The Violent Explosion Of Drunken Pogroms In November And December 1917 Greatly Shocked The Bolshevik Leadership. Unlike Previous Works That Treat Them As A Minor Episode, This Book Considers The Drunken Pogroms The Crucial Turning Point Of The Bolsheviks' Policy On The Maintenance Of Law And Order. The Bolshevik Leadership Reconstituted The Police As A Strongly Centralized Force With Power Over The Local Forces And Militias, Establishing A Top-down Pattern Of Control That Would Continue, Even Intensify, When The Capital Was Moved To Moscow-- Introduction -- Prelude To Revolution -- Crime On The Rise -- Why Did The Crime Rate Shoot Up? -- Militias Rise And Fall -- An Epidemic Of Mob Justice -- Crime After The Bolshevik Takeover -- The Bolsheviks And The Militia -- Conclusion. Tsuyoshi Hasegawa. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Russians from all walks of life poured into the streets of the imperial capital after the February Revolution of 1917, joyously celebrating the end of Tsar Nicholas IIs monarchy. One year later, with Lenins Bolsheviks now in power, Petrograds deserted streets presented a very different scene. No celebrations marked the Revolutions anniversary. Amid widespread civil strife and lawlessness, a fearful citizenry stayed out of sight. In Crime and Punishment in the Russian Revolution, Tsuyoshi Hasegawa offers a new perspective on Russias revolutionary year through the lens of violent crime and its devastating effect on ordinary people. When the Provisional Government assumed power after Nicholas IIs abdication, it set about instituting liberal reforms, including eliminating the tsars regular police. But dissolving this much-hated yet efficient police force and replacing it with a new municipal police led rapidly to the breakdown of order and services. Amid the chaos, crime flourished. Gangs of criminals, deserters, and hooligans brazenly roamed the streets. Mass prison escapes became common. And vigilantism spread widely as ordinary citizens felt compelled to take the law into their own hands, often meting out mob justice on suspected wrongdoers. The Bolsheviks swept into power in the October Revolution but had no practical plans to reestablish order. As crime continued to escalate and violent alcohol riots almost drowned the revolutionary regime, they redefined it as counterrevolutionary activity, to be dealt with by the secret police, whose harshly repressive, extralegal means of enforcement helped pave the way for a Communist dictatorship. Présentation de l'éditeur : "In a new perspective on the Russian Revolution, Tsuyoshi Hasegawa examines in detail the convulsions of the revolutionary year from March 1917 to March 1918 through the lens of violent crime, police behavior, and the responses of ordinary people in the capital city, St. Petersburg. A frightening rise in crime, especially violent crime, threatened the daily life of ordinary citizens. They often took the law into their own hands, and frequently resorted to mob justice, a reflection of the breakdown of the social fabric as well as the psychological state of people uneasy about or threatened by the changes going on around them. Crime and Punishment in the Russian Revolution examines how the new police power created under the Provisional Government broke down, the nature of the crimes threatening the city, and how people reacted. It then explores how violent crime continued to rise under the Bolshevik regime, and what the Bolsheviks did to control upheaval in the streets. The result is a new way of looking at the nature of Bolshevik power after the October Revolution. The violent explosion of drunken pogroms in November and December 1917 greatly shocked the Bolshevik leadership. Unlike previous works that treat them as a minor episode, this book considers the drunken pogroms the crucial turning point of the Bolsheviks' policy on the maintenance of law and order. The Bolshevik leadership reconstituted the police as a strongly centralized force with power over the local forces and militias, establishing a top-down pattern of control that would continue, even intensify, when the capital was moved to Moscow." "In a new perspective on the Russian Revolution, Tsuyoshi Hasegawa examines in detail the convulsions of the revolutionary year from March 1917 to March 1918 through the lens of violent crime, police behavior, and the responses of ordinary people in the capital city, St. Petersburg. A frightening rise in crime, especially violent crime, threatened the daily life of ordinary citizens. They often took the law into their own hands, and frequently resorted to mob justice, a reflection of the breakdown of the social fabric as well as the psychological state of people uneasy about or threatened by the changes going on around them. Crime and Punishment in the Russian Revolution examines how the new police power created under the Provisional Government broke down, the nature of the crimes threatening the city, and how people reacted. It then explores how violent crime continued to rise under the Bolshevik regime, and what the Bolsheviks did to control upheaval in the streets. The result is a new way of looking at the nature of Bolshevik power after the October Revolution. The violent explosion of drunken pogroms in November and December 1917 greatly shocked the Bolshevik leadership. Unlike previous works that treat them as a minor episode, this book considers the drunken pogroms the crucial turning point of the Bolsheviks' policy on the maintenance of law and order. The Bolshevik leadership reconstituted the police as a strongly centralized force with power over the local forces and militias, establishing a top-down pattern of control that would continue, even intensify, when the capital was moved to Moscow"-- Provided by publisher