جرم و مجازات در آمریکا: دایره‌المعارفی از روندها و جنجال‌ها در سیستم عدالت [2 جلد]

Covering some of the most hotly contested topics in crime and criminal justice, including proposed sentencing and prison reforms, controversial developments like Stand Your Ground laws, and Supreme Court decisions, this work supplies essential background, current data, and a range of viewpoints on these important issues. Should people be able to use lethal force before retreating? What are the arguments for and against executing mentally ill inmates? Should police always need warrants to search individuals or their property? How can we best hold accountable white collar offenders? Why do men perpetrate crime at higher rates than women? This two-volume set grapples with the answers to these complex questions and many more, enabling readers to better understand current crime/punishment issues within the context of America's ever-evolving culture, economy, and politics. This multidisciplinary reference work offers a current and thorough compilation of the most important and hotly contested topics related to crime and criminal justice. Organized alphabetically, each entry presents scholarly research and authoritative sources to inform readers about the subject. Provides readers with a thorough analysis of the most controversial topics in criminal justice that includes contributions from renowned scholars, activists, victim service providers, and other experts Addresses current trends and problems in America's criminal justice system Includes tables, graphs, and charts tracking the most important developments related to crime, sentencing, and the prison system "This two-volume set is intended to help readers better understand the scope and extent of crime in the United States, what types of crime occur most frequently, who is most often victimized and who perpetrates the offenses, the effects of crime on individuals and communities, and how best to respond to various offenses. Further, the entries in this volume help separate myths from realities as they uncover the origins and effectiveness of various policies and practices within the criminal justice system and other institutions that play a role in addressing crime"-- Preface