Crime and Art : Sociological and Criminological Perspectives of Crimes in the Art World

This volume brings together work by authors who draw upon sociological and criminological methods, theory, and frameworks, to produce research that pushes boundaries, considers new questions, and reshape the existing understanding of "art crimes", with a strong emphasis on methodological innovation and novel theory application. Criminologists and sociologists are poorly represented in academic discourse on art and culture related crimes. However, to understand topics like theft, security, trafficking, forgery, vandalism, offender motivation, the efficacy of and results of policy interventions, and the effects art crimes have on communities, we must develop the theoretical and methodological models we use for analyses. The readership of this book is expected to include academics, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of criminology, sociology, law, and heritage studies who have an interest in art and heritage crime. Contents About the Contributors Introduction Part I: Methods Transiting Through the Antiquities Market 1 Introduction 2 Data 3 Method 4 Analysis 5 Results 6 The Importance of Dealers 7 Using Social Network Analysis in Future Art Crime Research References Exploring Taste Formation and Performance in the Illicit Trade of Human Remains on Instagram 1 Introduction 2 The Online Trade of Human Remains 2.1 Social Media Moderation 2.2 The Ethics of Social Media Research 3 A Methodology for Mapping Taste Performance 4 Teaching Machines to Understand Visual Similarity as Taste Performance 4.1 Building the Network 5 Results and Discussion 6 Post Metadata 7 Conclusion References #antiquitiesdealers 1 Introduction 2 The Internet Antiquities Market 3 The Role of Antiquities Dealers 4 The Construction and Use of Dealer Persona 5 Dataset 6 Results 6.1 The Performance of Trust and Discretion 6.2 The Performance of Expertise 6.3 The Performance of Legitimate Relationships with the Past 6.4 The Performance of Professional Ethics 7 Conclusion References Evaluating the Transformative Potential of Photovoice for Research into the Global Illicit Trade in Cultural Objects 1 Introduction 2 Academia ́s Visual Turn 3 The Role of the Visual in Research into the Illicit Trade of Cultural Objects 4 Control, Collaboration, and Social Action: An Introduction to Photovoice 5 Potential Use of Photovoice for Research into Illicit Trade of Cultural Objects 6 Conclusion References A New Method of Forensic Archaeology 1 Helmet: The Background 2 Operations Helmet I and Helmet II 3 The Need to Locate the Origin of Archaeological Materials; Legal Context in Spain 4 Criminology and Crime Maps 5 Development of a Forensic Method for Determining the Origin of Archaeological Repertoires; Selection of Types, Zoning, and O... 6 Conclusions References Part II: Theory Cuneiform Exceptionalism? 1 Introduction 2 Publication Policies and the Cuneiform Exception 3 Justification Theory 4 Discussion References Crime, Material and Meaning in Art World Desirescapes 1 Introduction 2 The Object Network of Art 2.1 Towards a Thing-ology of Dealers ́ Spaces 2.2 Towards a Thing-ology of Art Auctions 2.3 Towards a Thing-ology of the Museum 3 Object Networks and Art Crime 3.1 The Social Lives of Objects or the Objectification of Social Life? 4 Conclusion: Desirescapes References Authentically Exotic and Authentically Beautiful 1 Introduction 2 Variation in Authenticity: A Constructivist Approach 3 eBay and Sotheby ́s: Fakes and Authenticity 4 eBay and Sotheby ́s: Defining Contexts. 5 Moche Vessels on eBay and at Sotheby ́s 5.1 Authenticity Markers: Images 5.2 Authenticity Markers: Listings 6 Conclusions References ``Blitzkrieg Against Black Magic ́ ́ 1 Introduction 2 Constitution: ``Blitzkrieg Against Black Magic ́ ́ and the Confiscation of Crime Proofs (1891-1938) 3 Patrimonialisation: Social Evolutionism and Institutional Racism (1938-1980s) 4 Restitution Requests and Disputes: State Crime and Heritage Crime (1980s-2020) 5 Final Restitution: Reparation and Decolonial Justice? (2020) 6 Final Considerations References Art Crime and the Myth of Violence 1 Introduction 2 Theorising Art Crime and Violence: The Work of Deep Cultural Codes 3 Archaeology as the Domain of Police Power 4 Rethinking Archaeological Policing Today 5 Broader Implications: The Effects of Police Power on Art and Artefacts References Part III: Data Applications Small Museums, Big Problems 1 Introduction 2 Summary of the AAM Antiquities Guidelines ́ Accountability Mechanisms 3 Methodology 4 Results 4.1 Collections Policies 4.2 Information on Antiquities Acquisitions 5 Case Study: Owsley Museum 6 Conclusion Appendix References Guardians in the Antiquities Market 1 Introduction 2 Routine Activity Theory and Its Application for the Illicit Antiquities Trade 3 Guardianship 4 Methods 5 Proactive Crime Control in the Antiquities Market 6 Guardians Within the Antiquities Market 7 Collaborative Systems of Guardianship and Crime Control 8 Re-Envisioning Proactive Crime Control in the Antiquities Market 9 Conclusion References More Than Just Money 1 Introduction 2 Russia and Treasure Hunting 3 Snapshot Analysis 4 Main Observations 4.1 Estimated Financial Value of Finds 4.2 Quality of Finds 5 Engagement with Low-Value Objects 5.1 Are Objects Just Vessels for Financial Value? 5.2 Burning or Building Bridges: Greed or Love for History? 6 Conclusion and Further Research References Offender Motivations and Expectations of Data in Antiquities Looting 1 Introduction 2 Offenders, Motivations, and Antiquities Looting 3 A Criminological Framework for Offender Motivation in Antiquities Looting 3.1 Motivations for Offending in Criminological Theory 3.2 Criminological Offender Motivations for Antiquities Looting 4 Considerations for Potential Data and Methods 5 Motivations for Antiquities Looting in Lower Egypt (2015-2017): A Case Study 5.1 Conceptualizing Offender Motivation in Lower Egypt 5.2 Data and Methods 5.3 Results 5.3.1 Situational Offending 5.3.2 Opportunistic Offending 6 Antiquities Looting and Offender Motivation in Lower Egypt 7 Conclusion References One Flew Over the Cuckoo ́s Clock 1 Introduction 2 The Market for Conspicuous Goods: A New Avenue for Art Crime Research 3 Evolution: Data, Methods, and Analyses 4 Results 4.1 Trends in Price Dynamics 4.2 Seller Behaviour Concerning Number of Objects and Total Price 4.3 Reputation 4.4 Indicators for Pricing 5 Analysis 6 Conclusion References "This volume brings together work by authors who draw upon sociological and criminological methods, theory, and frameworks, to produce research that pushes boundaries, considers new questions, and reshape the existing understanding of 'art crimes', with a strong emphasis on methodological innovation and novel theory application"--Page 4 of cover