CRC Handbook of Organic Photochemistry and Photobiology [2 Vols]

The second edition of this best-selling handbook is bigger, more comprehensive, and now completely current. In addition to thorough updates to the discussions featured in the first edition, this edition includes 66 new chapters that reflect recent developments, new applications, and emerging areas of interest. Within the handbook's 145 critically reviewed chapters, leading experts from around the world present fundamental concepts, cutting-edge research, and up-to-date tables of physical data. The CRC Handbook of Organic Photochemistry and Photobiology, Second Edition is simply the most authoritative and complete resource available for these fields.New or updated topics in the Second Edition include: Photosensory BiologyPhochemotherapyPhotodynamic TherapyPhotoecologyPhotosynthesisPhotomovementsPhototropismPhotomorphogenesisOptobioelectronicsBiomolecular PhotonicsSpectroscopy 1. Photobehavior Of Alkyl Halides / Paul J. Kropp -- 2. Photochemical Generation Of Glycosyl Radicals And Its Applications In Carbohydrate Synthesis / Shigeru Yamago And Jun-ichi Yoshida -- 3. Comparison Between Reactions Induced By Uv/vis Photons And Ionizing Radiation In Hydrocarbon-like Media / Gerald O. Brown And Richard G. Weiss -- 4. Oxidative Single Electron Transfer (set) Induced Fragmentation Reactions / Angelo Albini And Maurizio Fagnoni -- 5. Photochemistry In Ionic Liquids / Richard M. Pagni And Charles M. Gordon -- 6. Photochemically Induced Alkylation Reactions / Nathalie Huther And Andrew F. Parsons -- 7. Set Addition Of Amines To Alkenes / Frederick D. Lewis And Elizabeth M. Crompton -- 8. Ene-reactions With Singlet Oxygen / Axel G. Griesbeck, Tamer T. El-idreesy, Waldemar Adam And Oliver Krebs -- 9. Photoreactions Of Alkenes In Protic Media / Paul J. Kropp -- 10. Silyl Enol Ether Radical Cations: Generation And Recent Synthetic Applications / Jens Otto Bunte And Jochen Mattay -- 11. C-x Bond Fission In Alkene Systems / Tsugio Kitamura -- 12. Low Temperature Matrix Photochemistry Of Alkenes / Ian R. Dunkin -- 13. Photorearrangement And Fragmentation Of Alkenes / Paul J. Kropp -- 14. Matrix Photochemistry / Ian R. Dunkin -- 15. Matrix Photochemistry Of Small Ring Compounds / Ian R. Dunkin -- 16. Photochemical Isomerization Of Cycloalkenes / Tadashi Mori And Yoshihisa Inoue -- 17. The Photochemical Reactivity Of The Norbornadiene-quadricyclane System / Alexander D. Dubonosov, Vladimir A. Bren And Vladimir I. Minkin -- 18. Copper(i)-catalyzed Inter- And Intramolecular [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition Reactions Of Alkenes / Subrata Ghosh -- 19. Photochemical Synthesis Of Cyclophanes / Jun Nishimura, Yosuke Nakamura, Takuzo Yamazaki And Seiichi Inokuma -- 20. The Dimerization Of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives / Dario M. Bassani -- 21. Photochemical Dimerization Of Acenaphthylene And Related Compounds / Naoki Haga And Katsumi Tokumaru -- 22. Photochemical Synthesis Of Cage Compounds / Teruo Shinmyozu, Rika Nogita, Motoko Akita And Chultack Lim -- 23. Photochemical Approaches On The Synthesis Of [n]prismanes / Terou Shinmyozu, Rika Nogita, Motoko Akita And Chultack Lim -- 24. Photochemistry Of Allenes / Toshio Shimizu -- 25. Photooxygenation Of 1,3-dienes / Waldemar Adam, Sara Bosio, Anna Bartoschek And Axel G. Griesbeck -- 26. Hula-twist: A Photochemical Reaction Mechanism Involving Simultaneous Configurational And Conformational Isomerization / Robert S. H. Liu And George S. Hammond -- 27. Conformer-specific Photochemistry In The Vitamin D Field / Jack Saltiel, Lenuta Cires And Andrzej M. Turek -- 28. Photochemical Reaction Of Fullerenes And Fullerene Derivatives / Andreas Kleineweischede And Jochen Mattay -- 29. The Photo-bergman Cycloaromatization Of Enediynes / Graham B. Jones And Keith C. Russell -- 30. The Photochemical Reactivity Of The Allenyl-vinyl Methane System / Takashi Tsuno And Kunio Sugiyama -- 31. Photochemistry Of Vinylidenecyclopropanes / Kazuhiko Mizuno And Hajime Maeda -- 32. Photochemistry Of Heteroarene-fused Barrelenes / Chun-chen Liao And Rama Krishna Peddinti -- 33. Cyclization Of Stilbene And Its Derivatives / Andrew Gilbert -- 34. Synthesis Of Heterocycles By Photocyclization Of Arenes / Norbert Hoffmann -- 35. Photochromism Of Diarylethene Derivatives / Kingo Uchida And Masahiro Irie -- 36. Photoprocesses In Polymethine Dyes: Cyanines And Spiropyrane-derived Merocyanines / Helmut Gorner And Alexander K. Chibisov -- 37. Photochemical Aromatic Substitution / Canan Karapire And Siddik Icli -- 38. Photodehalogenation Of Aryl Halides / Leah Schutt And Nigel J. Bunce -- 39. Photochemistry Of Hydroxyarenes / Matthew Lukeman And Peter Wan -- 40. The Photochemical Nucleophile-olefin Combination, Aromatic Substitution (photo-nocas) Reaction / Dino Mangion And Donald R. Arnold -- 41. Intra- And Intermolecular Cycloadditions Of Benzene Derivatives / Andrew Gilbert -- 42. Photo-fries Reaction And Related Processes / Miguel Angel Miranda And Francisco Galindo -- 43. Photochemistry Of Aryl Diazonium Salts, Triazoles And Tetratoles / James Grimshaw -- 44. Photochemical Reactivity Of Azides / Gotz Bucher -- 45. Oxidation Of Aromatics / Angelo Albini And Maurizia Fagnoni -- 46. The Photochemistry Of Substituted Benzenes: Phototranspositions And The Photoadditions Of Alcohols / James A. Pincock -- 47. The Photostimulated S[subscript Rn]i Process: Reaction Of Haloarenes With Carbanions / Roberto A. Rossi And Alicia B. Penenory -- 48. Photochemical Decarboaylation Of Ketones: Recent Advances And Reactions In Crystalline Solids / Miguel A. Garcia-garibay And Luis M. Campos -- 49. Cerbene Formation In The Photochemistry Of Cyclic Ketones / S. M. Roberts -- 50. Photochemistry Of Vicinal Polycarbonyl Compounds / Mordecai B. Rubin -- 51. Photochemical Routes To Cyclophanes Involving Decarbonylation Reactions And Related Process / Teruo Shinmyozu, Rika Nogita, Motoko Akita And Chultack Lim -- 52. Norrish Type Ii Photoelimination Of Ketones: Cleavage Of 1,4-biradicals Formed By [gamma]-hydrogen Abstraction / Peter J. Wagner And Petr Klan -- 53. Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions Of Oxiranes And Epoxy Ketones / Eietsu Hasegawa And Masaki Kamata -- 54. Crystal Structure-solid-state Reactivity Relationships: Toward A Greater Understanding Of Norrish/yang Type Ii Photochemistry / John R. Scheffer And Carl Scott -- 55. Norrish-type Ii Processes Of Ketones: Influence Of Environment / Tadashi Hasegawa -- 56. Photochemical Reactions Of [alpha]-halocyclic Ketones And Related Systems / C. Akira Horiuchi And Shun-jun Ji -- 57. Regioselective Photochemical Synthesis Of Carbo- And Heterocyclic Compounds: The Norrish/yang Reaction / Pablo Wessig -- 58. Yang Photocyclization: Coupling Of Biradicals Formed By Intramolecular Hydrogen Abstraction Of Ketones / Peter J. Wagner -- 59. Oxetane Formation: Stereocontrol / Axel G. Griesbeck And Samir Bondock -- 60. Oxetane Formation: Intermolecular Additions / Axel G. Griesbeck And Samir Bondock -- 61. Enantioselective Photocycloaddition Reactions In Solution / Benjamin Grosch And Thorsten Bach -- 62. Photochemical Oxetane Formation: Addition To Heterocycles / Manabu Abe -- 63. Mechanistic Studies On The Photochemistry And Phototoxicity Of Diuretic Drugs / Franklin Vargas And Carlos Rivas -- 64. Photodecarboxylation Of Acids And Lactones: Antiinflammatory Drugs / Francisco Bosca, Maria Luisa Marin And Miguel Angel Miranda -- 65. Induced Diastereoselectivity In Photodecarboxylation Reactions / K. Pitchumani And D. Madhavan -- 66. The Photochemistry Of Esters Of Carboxylic Acids / James A. Pincock -- 67. The Photochemistry Of Barton Esters / Peter I. Dalko -- 68. Photochemically Induced Tautomerism Of Salicylic Acid And Its Related Derivatives / Minjoong Yoon -- 69. Photoremovable Protecting Groups / Richard S. Givens, Peter G. Conrad, Abraham L. Yousef And Jon-ill Lee -- 70. Photodeconjugation Of Enones And Carboxylic Acid Derivatives / Olivier Piva -- 71. [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition Reactions Of Cyclopentenones With Alkenes / Jean-pierre Pete -- 72. Mechanistic Issues In [2 + 2]-photocycloadditions Of Cyclic Enones To Alkenes / David I. Schuster -- 73. [2 + 2]-photocycloadditions In The Solid State / Yoriko Sonoda -- 74. Photochemistry Of Homoquinones / Ken Kokubo And Takumi Oshima -- 75. The Quantitative Cavity Concept In Crystal Lattice Organic Photochemistry: Mechanistic And Exploratory Organic Photochemistry / Howard E. Zimmerman -- 76. Photorearrangement Reactions Of Cyclohex-2-enones / Paul Margaretha -- 77. New Results On The Triplet Reactivity Of [beta], [gamma]-unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds / Diego Armesto, Maria J. Ortiz And Antonia R. Agarrabeitia -- 78. Photochemical Rearrangements In [beta], [gamma]-unsaturated Enones: The Oxa-di-[pi]-methane Rearrangement / Vishwakarma Singh 79. 1,3-acyl Migrations In [beta], [gamma]-unsaturated Ketones / Vishwakarma Singh -- 80. Photochemical Rearrangements Of 6/6- And 6/5-fused Cross-conjugated Cyclothexadienones / Gunzalo Blay -- 81. Photocycloaddition/trapping Reactions Of Cross-conjugated Cyclic Dienones: Capture Of Oxyallyl Intermediates / Albert R. Matlin -- 82. Photocycloaddition Reactions Of 2-pyrones / Tetsura Shimo And Kenichi Somekawa -- 83. Photochemical Rearrangement And Trapping Reactions Of 4-pyrones / Frederick G. West -- 84. Photoinduced Electron-transfer Processes Of Phthalimides / Michael Oelgemoller And Axel G. Griesbeck -- 85. The Photochemistry Of Silicon-substituted Phthalimides / Ung Chan Yoon And Patrick S. Mariano -- 86. Fulgides And Related Systems / Yasushi Yokoyama And Mahmut Kose -- 87. 1,4-quinone Cycloaddition Reactions With Alkenes, Alkynes, And Related Compounds / Andrew Gilbert -- 88. The Photochemical Friedel-crafts Acylation Of Quinones: From The Beginnings Of Organic Photochemistry To Modern Solar Chemical Applications / Michael Oelgemoller And Jochen Mattay -- 89. Photosisomerism Of Azobenzenes / Helmut Knoll -- 90. Photochemical Reactivity Of [alpha]-diazocarbonyl Compounds / Tevye C. Celius, Yuhong Wang And John P. Toscano -- 91. Carbene Formation By Extrusion Of Nitrogen / Aboel-magd A. Abdel-wahab, Saleh A. Ahmed And Heinz Durr -- 92. The Photochemistry Of Diazirines / Tevye C. Celius And John P. Toscano -- 93. Photomechanistic Aspects Of Bicyclic Azoalkanes: Triplet States, Photoreduction, And Double Inversion / Waldemar Adam And Alexei V. Trofimov -- 94. E,z-isomerization And Accompanying Photoreactions Of Oximes, Oxime Ethers, Nitrones, Hydrazones, Imines, Azo- And Azoxy Compounds, And Various Applications / Hiroshi Suginome -- 95. Novel Di-[pi]-methane Rearrangements Promoted By Photoelectron Transfer And Triplet Sensitization / Diego Armesto, Maria J. Ortiz And Antonia R. Agarrabeitia -- 96. Photochromic Nitrogen-containing Compounds / Saleh A. Ahmed, Aboel-magd A. Abdel-wahab And Heinz Durr -- 97. Photoisomerization Of Some Nitrogen-containing Hetero-aromatic Compounds / James W. Pavlik -- 98. Photochemistry Of Thiazoles, Isothiazoles, And 1,2,4-thiadlazoles / James W. Pavlik -- 99. Photochemistry Of N-oxides / Angelo Albini And Maurizio Fagnoni -- 100. A New Look At Pyridinium Salt Photochemistry / Patrick S. Mariano -- 101. The Dynamics And Photochemical Consequences Of Aminium Radical Reactions / Ung Chan Yoon, Zhuoyi Su And Patrick S. Mariano -- 102. Remote Functionalization By Alkoxyl Radicals Generated By The Photolysis Of Nitrite Esters: The Barton Reaction And Related Reactions Of Nitrite Esters / Hiroshi Suginome -- 103. Photochemical Reactivity Of Pyridones / Scott Mcn. Sieburth -- 104. Reversible Photodimerization Of Pyrimidine Bases / Yoshiaki Inaki -- 105. Photocycloaddition Of Halogenated Pyrimidines To Benzene And Its Related Compounds: Cycloaddition And The Electrocyclic Rearrangement Of The Adducts / Koh-ichi Seki And Kazue Ohkura -- 106. The Photochemistry Of Thioamides And Thioimides / Masami Sakamoto And Takehiko Nishio -- 107. Manipulating Photochemical Reactions / Arunkumar Natarajan, Lakshmi S. Kaanumalle And V. Ramamurthy -- 108. Endoperoxides: Thermal And Photochemical Reactions And Spectroscopy / Axel G. Griesbeck And Murthy S. Gudipati -- 109. Reaction And Synthetic Application Of Oxygen-centered Radicals Photochemically Generated From Alkyl Hypohalites / Hiroshi Suginome -- 110. Photochemistry Of Hypervalent Iodine Compounds / Tsugio Kitamura -- 111. Photolysis Of Short-lived Transient Species In Solutions: Product Analysis Studies / Akihiko Ouchi -- 112. Action Spectroscopy: General Problems / Edward D. Lipson -- 113. Action Spectroscopy: Ultraviolet Radiation / Thomas P. Coohill -- 114. Environmental Uv Action Spectroscopy / Francesco Ghetti And Costanza Bagnoli -- 115. Action Spectroscopy For Photosensory Processes / Masakatsu Watanabe -- 116. Photoecology And Environmental Photobiology / Donat-p. Hader -- 117. Chemistry And Spectroscopy Of Chlorophylls / Hugo Scheer -- 118. Photosynthetic Reaction Centers / Paul Mathis -- 119. Biological Incorporation Of Alternative Quinones Into Photosystem I / T. Wade Johnson And John H. Golbeck -- 120. Photomovements Of Microorganisms: An Introduction / Giovanni Checcucci, Antonella Sgarbossa And Francesco Lenci -- 121. Photoreception In Microalgae / Laura Barsanti, Valtere Evangelista, Paola Gualtieri And Vincenzo Passarelli -- 122. Photomovements In Ciliates / Roberto Marangoni, Sabina Lucia And Giuliano Colombetti -- 123. Photoactive Yellow Protein, The Prototype Xanthopsin / Johnny Hendriks And Klaas J. Hellingwerf -- 124. Microbial Rhodopsins: Transport And Sensory Proteins Throughout The Three Domains Of Life / Kwang-hwan Jung And John L. Spudich -- 125. Photochemical Aspect Of Rhodopsin / Yoshinori Shichida And Toru Yoshizawa -- 126. The Bleaching Of Visual Pigments / Thomas Ebrey -- 127. Studies Of The Phosphorylation Of Visual Pigments / Zsolt Ablonczy, Daniel Knapp And Rosalie K. Crouch -- 128. The Early Receptor Potential And Its Analog In Bacteriorhodopsin Membranes / Felix T. Hong -- 129. Phytochrome: Molecular Properties / Seong Hee Bhoo And Pill-soon Song -- 130. Phytochrome Genealogy / Masaki Furuya And Norihito Kuno -- 131. Photomorphogenic Mutants Of Tomato / Bartolomeo Lercari And Lise Bertram -- 132. Phototropism / Paul Galland -- 133. Building Photonic Proteins / Kenneth J. Rothschild, Sadanand Gite, Sergey Mamaev And Jerzy Olejnik -- 134. Molecular Electronic Switches In Photobiology / Felix T. Hong -- 135. Biomolecular Photonics Based On Bacteriorhodopsin / Kevin J. Wise And Robert R. Birge -- 136. Bacterial Bioluminescence: Biochemistry / Shiao-chun Tu -- 137. Photobiology Of Circadian Rhythms / David E. Somers -- 138. Cryptochrome: Discovery Of A Circadian Photopigment / Carol L. Thompson And Aziz Sancar -- 139. Green Fluorescent Proteins And Their Applications To Cell Biology And Bioelectronics / Valentina Tozzini, Vittorio Pellegrini And Fabio Beltram -- 140. Dna Damage And Repair / David L. Mitchell -- 141. Dna Damage And Repair: Photochemistry / Marcus G. Friedel, Michaela K. Cichon And Thomas Carell -- 142. Molecular Basis Of Psoralen Photochemotherapy / Francesco Dall'acqua, Giampietro Viola And Daniela Vedaldi -- 143. Photosensitization With Emphasis On The Cardiovascular System / Dennis Paul Valenzeno, John G. Wood, Norberto C. Gonzalez And Merrill Tarr -- 144. Synthetic Strategies In Designing Prophyrin-based Photosensitizers For Photodynamic Therepy / Ravindra K. Pandey -- 145. Mechanistic Principles Of Photodynamic Therapy / Barbara W. Henderson And Sandra O. Gollnick -- 146. Photodynamic Therapy: Basic And Preclinical Aspects / Giulio Jori -- 147. Clinical Applications Of Photodynamic Therapy / Thomas J. Dougherty And Julia G. Levy. Edited By William M. Horspool, Francesco Lenci. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.