Crafting Immunity: Working Histories of Clinical Immunology (The History of Medicine in Context)

Immunity is as old as illness itself, yet historians have only just begun to take up the challenge of reconstructing the modern transformation of attempts to protect against disease. Crafting Immunity assembles in one volume the most recent efforts of an international group of scholars to place the diverse practices of immunity in their historical contexts. It is this diversity that provides the book with its greatest source of strength. Collectively, the papers in this volume suggest that it was the craft-like, small-scale, and local conditions of clinical medicine that turned the immunity of individuals and populations into biomedical objects. That is to say, the modern conception of immunity was at least as much the product of the work of healing as it was the systematic result of discoveries about the immune system. Working outside the narrow confines of laboratory histories, Crafting Immunity is the first attempt to set the problems of immunity into a variety of social, technological, institutional and intellectual contexts. It will appeal not only to historians and sociologists of health, but also to social and cultural historians interested in the biomedical creation of modern health regimens. Immunity Is As Old As Illness Itself, Yet Historians Have Only Just Begun To Take Up The Challenge Of Reconstructing The Modern Transformation Of Attempts To Protect Against Disease. This Work Assembles The Most Recent Efforts Of An International Group Of Scholars To Place The Diverse Practices Of Immunity In Their Historical Contexts. Making Sense Of Vaccination C.1800 / Andrea Rusnock -- Risk, Efficacy, And Viral Attenuation In Debates Over Smallpox Vaccination In Montreal, 1870-1875 / Jennifer Keelan -- A Private Line To Medicine: The Clinical And Laboratory Contours Of Allergy In The Early Twentieth Century / Mark Jackson -- Germs, Vaccines, And The Rise Of Allergy / Carla C. Keirns -- Neutralizing Flu: Immunological Devices And The Making Of A Virus Disease / Michael Bresalier -- Creatures Of Reason?: Picturing Viruses At The Pasteur Institute During The 1920s / Kenton Kroker -- Immunology In The Clinics: Reductionism, Holism, Or Both? / Ilana Löwy -- Antitoxin And Anatoxine: The League Of Nations And The Institut Pasteur, 1920-1939 / Pauline M.h. Mazumdar -- Molecular Surveillance: A History Of Radioimmunoassays / Angela N.h. Creager -- Emerging Paradigm, Emerging Disease: Molecular Immunology And Aids In The 1980s / Victoria A. Harden -- Conceptualizing The Maternal-fetal Relationship In Reproductive Immunology / Moira Howes -- Canadian Vaccine Research, Production, And International Regulation: Connaught Laboratories And Smallpox Vaccines, 1962-1980 / Christopher J. Rutty. Edited By Kenton Kroker, Jennifer Keelan, Pauline M.h. Mazumdar. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Series Page 3 Title Page 4 Copyright 5 Table of Contents 6 List of Figures 8 Notes on Contributors 10 Acknowledgements 11 1 Editors’ Introduction 12 Part I: Reason and Risk 26 2 Making Sense of Vaccination c. 1800 • Andrea Rusnock 28 3 Risk, Efficacy and Viral Attenuation in Debates over Smallpox Vaccination in Montreal, 1870–1877 • Jennifer Keelan 40 Part II: The Conundrum of Allergy 64 4 ‘A Private Line to Medicine’: The Clinical and Laboratory Contours of Allergy in the Early Twentieth Century • Mark Jackson 66 5 Germs, Vaccines, and the Rise of Allergy • Carla C. Keirns 88 Part III: Some Tools of the Trade 116 6 Neutralizing Flu: ‘Immunological Devices’ and the Making of a Virus Disease • Michael Bresalier 118 7 Creatures of reason? Picturing Viruses at the Pasteur Institute during the 1920s • Kenton Kroker 156 8 Immunology in the Clinics: Reductionism, Holism or Both? • Ilana Löwy 176 9 Antitoxin and Anatoxine: The League of Nations and the Institut Pasteur, 1920–1939 • Pauline M.H. Mazumdar 188 Part IV: Insiders, Immunity and Identity after World War II 210 10 Molecular Surveillance: A History of Radioimmunoassays • Angela N.H. Creager 212 11 Emerging Paradigm, Emerging Disease: Molecular Immunology and AIDS in the 1980s • Victoria A. Harden 242 12 Conceptualizing the Maternal-Fetal Relationship in Reproductive Immunology • Moira Howes 258 13 Canadian Vaccine Tesearch, Production and International Regulation: Connaught Laboratories and Smallpox Vaccines, 1962–1980 • Christopher J. Rutty 284 index 312