COVID-19's Economic Impact and Countermeasures in China

"The book studies the impact of COVID-19 on the Chinese economy and the country's response to policies. It examines various aspects of national macroeconomic operations, industrial shocks, changes in financial markets, regional economic order, public governance challenges. It also analyzes changes in the world economy while integrating economic, financial, industrial, and environmental disciplines. At the macro level, the book emphasizes counter-cyclical responses, with an emphasis on comprehensive measures and precise efforts. It highlights differentiated development strategies for industries and promotes structural adjustment and supply-side reform. At the micro-level, the book emphasizes enterprises' resumption of work and production and supply chain management. The book promotes the concept of integration, stressing that China's economy was and is sufficiently resilient and the importance of maintaining and improving public confidence. At the same time, it attaches importance to prescribing the correct remedies for shortcomings, strengthening weaknesses, confronting the obstacles and difficulties in economic development, and restoring social order. The studies are not restricted to the facts but also focus on transforming and upgrading a modernized socialist economy and governance in the long term"-- Provided by publisher Contents Foreword About the Editors Introduction 1 Implications of the Impact of the Pandemic for the Development of Our Labor Market: How Do We Get People Moving? What Should Be Done? 1.1 Urban household registration and equalization of services for rural–urban migrant workers 1.2 Facilitating conditions for rural entrepreneurs 1.3 Regularization of telecommuting and paid leave 2 Implications of the Impact of the Pandemic for the Development of China’s Capital Markets:How Do We Get the Currency Flowing? Where Should it Flow to? 2.1 Take advantage of the pandemic to fundamentally solve the problem of difficult and expensive financing for small and medium enterprises 2.2 Continue to increase the construction of online payment, mobile payment, and third-party payment platforms to further enhance the convenience of online payment, settlement, and financing 2.3 Improve traditional infrastructure construction and increase investment in the construction of new intelligent green infrastructure 2.4 Fixing the shortcomings of the construction of medical hardware and software and public health infrastructure in accordance with high standards to ensure capability to respond to major public health emergencies 3 The Impact of the Pandemic on the Development of China’s Logistics Services: How Can We Ensure Smooth Logistics? What Should be Done About it? 3.1 Continue to vigorously develop the modern logistics industry 3.2 Promote the development of a green logistics industry 4 Implications of the Impact of the Pandemic for the Development of China’s Data Element Market: How Can We Facilitate the Flow of Data? What Else Needs to be Done? Chapter 1 Five Basic Facts About the Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic 1.1 The Impact of the Pandemic on China’s Economy is Short-term 1.2 Shortening the Duration of the Pandemic is Conducive to Rapid Economic Recovery 1.3 Putting the Impact of the Pandemic on GDP in Perspective 1.4 Resolving the Supply Chain Crisis is the Key to Hedging against the Impact of the Pandemic 1.5 Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises Should Be the Main Targets of Post-pandemic Relief and Assistance Chapter 2 Industry Dynamics Under the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic 2.1 How Can We Know the Overall Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic? 2.2 Using Differentiated Measures1 in Order to Respond Effectively to the Negative Impact of the Pandemic 2.3 Providing Relief for Small, Micro, and Medium Enterprises 2.4 Analysis of the Dynamic Effects of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic 2.5 Conclusion Chapter 3 The Economic Impact of the NOVEL CORONAVIRUS Pandemic on Micro Enterprises and Fiscal Countermeasures 3.1 The Economic Impact of the Pandemic on Micro Enterprises 3.1.1 The impact of the pandemic on mask manufacturers 3.1.1.1 The number and geographical distribution of Chinese mask manufacturers 3.1.1.2 Production of masks in China and their geographical distribution 3.1.1.3 The practical dilemma faced by mask manufacturers 3.1.2 The impact of the pandemic on micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) 3.1.2.1 Market demand is low and business revenue has plummeted 3.1.2.2 Acute financing problems and unsustainable corporate cash flow 3.1.2.3 Disruptions in the industry chain and raw materials shortages 3.2 Analysis of Financial and Tax Policy Response 3.2.1 Macro-fiscal policy 3.2.1.1 Massive increase in public health spending 3.2.1.2 Accelerate the construction of major key projects characterized by new infrastructure 3.2.1.3 Universal tax cuts and fee reductions 3.2.2 Micro-fiscal policy 3.2.2.1 Ensuring pandemic prevention and control 3.2.2.2 Enabling business development 3.3 Conclusion Chapter 4 Impact of the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic on Structural Unemployment and Employment Patterns, and the Corresponding Countermeasures 4.1 Analysis of the Impact of the Pandemic on the Labor Force Job Market 4.1.1 Overview of the labor market in 2019 4.1.2 The impact of the pandemic on employment in the service industry 4.1.3 The impact of the pandemic on the workforce of MSMEs 4.1.4 The impact of the pandemic on college graduates 4.1.5 The impact of the pandemic on the migrant worker population 4.1.6 Historical review: Evidence from the SARS era 4.1.7 Findings from micro-enterprise research 4.1.7.1 Study on small and medium-sized enterprises 4.1.7.2 Study on medium and large enterprises 4.1.7.3 Study on enterprises in the Hubei region 4.2 Response Measures and Suggestions 4.2.1 Employment in small and medium-sized enterprises 4.2.2 Addressing the employment of migrant workers 4.2.3 Addressing the issue of employment of college students 4.2.4 New opportunities arising from the pandemic: The digital economy and platform economy 4.3 Conclusion Chapter 5 The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Agriculture, Rural Areas, and Farmers and Policy Responses 5.1 Turning Point of the Pandemic and a Shift in Focus 5.2 Conditions at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the SARS Epidemic are Quite Different 5.3 The Overall Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Chinese Economy 5.3.1 Preliminary assessment of the medium-term economic impact of the pandemic 5.3.2 Challenges posed by the pandemic in the short term to rural livelihood in 2020 5.4 Overview of Policies Introduced by the Central Government 5.4.1 The Central Government has introduced a series of fiscal policies 5.4.2 Agricultural policies introduced by the Central Government 5.5 Policy Recommendations 5.5.1 Policy recommendations for stabilizing growth 5.5.2 Policy recommendations to support agriculture, rural areas, and farmers to cope with the impact of the pandemic 5.6 Conclusion Chapter 6 Senior Services in the COVID-19 Pandemic 6.1 The Impact of COVID-19 on Services for the Elderly 6.1.1 The impact of COVID-19 on the elderly 6.1.2 The impact of COVID-19 on nursing homes 6.1.2.1 The risk of pandemic transmission in nursing homes 6.1.2.2 Problems and dilemmas faced by elderly care institutions during the pandemic prevention and control period 6.1.3 The impact of COVID-19 on community home care services 6.1.3.1 Significant increase in labor costs 6.1.3.2 The sharp drop in revenue may risk breaking the capital chain 6.1.3.3 The development of the industry has been severely impacted 6.2 Strategies and Measures to Cope with Challenges 6.2.1 Policy response 6.2.1.1 At the national level 6.2.1.2 At the local level 6.2.2 The corresponding measures of elderly care service companies 6.2.2.1 Coping strategies of elderly care institutions 6.2.2.2 Coping strategies of community home service companies (institutions) 6.3 Conclusion 6.3.1 Elderly service industry under COVID-19 6.3.2 Future development trends of China’s elderly care service industry 6.3.2.1 Development trends demand for services 6.3.2.2 Development trends for supply Chapter 7 The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Service Industry and Policy Responses 7.1 The Service Industry is the Most Important Industry in the National Economy 7.1.1 Consumption has become the main contributor to China’s economic growth 7.1.2 Tertiary industry1 is the cornerstone of stable economic growth 7.1.3 The current consumer service industry contributes more to GDP than the production service industry 7.1.4 Service products in the service industry have their own characteristics 7.1.5 The main size of service industry enterprises is small, medium, and micro 7.2 Analysis of the Scale of Damage and the Flow-on Effects to the Service Industry During the Pandemic 7.2.1 Judgment of the duration of the pandemic 7.2.2 Estimating the impact of the pandemic on the service industry 7.2.3 Estimates of the overall impact of the pandemic on the service industry 7.3 Measures to Stabilize the Service Industry and Employment, and Promote Growth 7.3.1 The basic logic of emergency policy design 7.3.2 Government actions to further stabilize the service industry 7.3.2.1 Recovery and development of the service industry ecosystem and industrial value chain 7.3.2.2 Provide temporary unemployment relief to support the basic life necessities of the unemployed 7.3.2.3 Introduce emergency policies to stimulate consumption and stabilize the service industry 7.3.2.4 Give full play to the emergency leadership mechanism and provide effective assistance to the service industry 7.3.3 Emergency self-reliance measures for small and micro enterprises in the service industry 7.3.3.1 It is necessary to carefully study and judge the direct impact on the economy and industry as pandemic trends change 7.3.3.2 It is conducive to good practice to study market changes and adjust business strategies 7.3.3.3 It is important to be creative and improve business and service products to adapt to changes in demand 7.3.3.4 It is encouraged that business down time caused by the pandemic be taken advantage of to learn how to improve the level of business management 7.4 Conclusion Chapter 8 The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Logistics Industry and Policy Response 8.1 Analysis of the Impact 8.1.1 The short-term impact 8.1.1.1 On production 8.1.1.2 On people’s daily activities 8.1.1.3 On logistics demands 8.1.1.4 Logistics enterprises 8.1.1.5 Transportation 8.1.2 The long-term impact 8.2 Analysis on the Response 8.2.1 To establish a multi-faceted comprehensive response 8.2.2 Measures and suggestions 8.2.2.1 Advocate logistics enterprises to be independent and strengthen their foundation 8.2.2.2 Lead logistics enterprises to establish standardized development 8.2.2.3 Support logistics enterprises to grow better and stronger 8.2.2.4 Establish a comprehensive emergency security system 8.3 Conclusion Acknowledgement Chapter 9 The Full Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on China’s Tourism Industry, Policy Responses 9.1 Trends and Characteristics of China’s Tourism Industry in Recent Years 9.1.1 Trends 9.1.2 Characteristics of the industry 9.2 The “Freeze” and “Acceleration” of Tourism in the Context of the Pandemic 9.2.1 Industries built on “liquidity” suffer a “liquidity” freeze 9.2.2 Industry reshuffle was accelerated with market demand rebounding quickly after the pandemic 9.3 Analysis of Different Sectors 9.3.1 Hospitality services 9.3.2 Shipping sector 9.3.3 The cruise industry 9.3.4 Small, medium, and micro enterprises 9.4 Analysis of the Response 9.4.1 On emergency policies for the tourism industry 9.4.2 Suggestions on the measures to promote the industry’s recovery 9.4.2.1 Short-term policies 9.4.2.2 Suggestions on long-term policies 9.5 Conclusions Chapter 10 The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Digital Economy and Policy Responses 10.1 The Digital Economy and its Development Patterns 10.1.1 The meaning of the digital economy 10.1.2 The development patterns of the digital economy 10.2 The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Digital Economy 10.2.1 Short-term effects 10.2.1.1 Consumption has been greatly impacted, with online consumption replacing offline consumption at an accelerating rate 10.2.1.2 The pandemic has affected the pace and structure of investment, and the scale of investment has declined and retreated 10.2.1.3 The pandemic has increased business operating costs, restricted business development, and exerted a negative influence on trade 10.2.1.4 With various kinds of the “Zhai”1 economy rising, consumption demand in the digital economy is booming 10.2.2 Long-term effects 10.2.2.1 The digital economy remains a strong backup force for the fight against the pandemic 10.2.2.2 The pandemic will cause a new round of “consumption sinking” in the digital economy 10.2.2.3 Digital economies promote the transformation from offline consumption to digital consumption 10.2.2.4 The pandemic forces traditional industries to accelerate digital transformation 10.3 Analysis of Countermeasures 10.3.1 Short-term countermeasures 10.3.1.1 Give full play to the role of digital infrastructure construction in guaranteeing the ultimate victory over the pandemic 10.3.1.2 Mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises to fight the pandemic and work hard to restore normal life 10.3.1.3 Promote digital government and smart cities, and correct shortcomings in governance as soon as possible 10.3.2 Long-term countermeasures 10.3.2.1 Strengthen the construction of laws, regulations, and standard systems, and build a sustainable market system 10.3.2.2 Accelerate the digital transformation of enterprise sand enhance their competitiveness 10.3.2.3 Fully develop and effectively use digital technology to provide financial services for small, medium, and micro enterprises 10.3.2.4 Leverage on high-tech advancements to drive the rapid development of an unmanned economy 10.3.2.5 Increase financial technology innovation, and give full play to the role of financial services in the real economy 10.3.2.5.1 Financial technology promotes technological innovation of enterprises and promotes economic growth 10.3.2.5.2 Financial technology innovates financial products and service methods to promote the growth of the real economy 10.3.2.5.3 Financial technology promotes the development of electronic payments, consumer demand, and economic growth 10.4 Conclusion Chapter 11 Financial Markets in the Pandemic: Effects and China’s Policy Responses 11.1 Impact of the Pandemic on Global Financial Markets and China’s Financial Sector 11.1.1 Pandemic shock and global financial markets’ responses 11.1.2 Impact of the pandemic on the development of China’s financial sector 11.1.2.1 Credit risks increase in banks 11.1.2.2 Structural market effects — brokerages and funds 11.1.2.3 Exposure of insurance supply shortcomings 11.1.2.4 Demands for asset management are created 11.2 China’s Economic and Financial Policy Response to the Pandemic 11.2.1 Strengthening countercyclical macro-control and support for SMEs in key industries 11.2.2 Improving the construction of financial markets to prevent and address risks and support science and technology innovations 11.3 Conclusion Chapter 12 The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on China’s Financial and Real Economy and Policy Responses 12.1 Leverage Cycle 12.2 Leverage Cycle of the Chinese Economy: Household Debt and Corporate Debt 12.3 Economic Implications of Increased Uncertainty 12.4 Pandemic Outbreak Increases Risk and Uncertainty in the Financial Market 12.4.1 Impact of the pandemic on debt: Rising financing costs for the real sector and insufficient effective demand from households 12.4.2 Impact of the pandemic on the stock market: High risk implicit in equity pledges 12.4.3 Impact of the pandemic on exchange rates, international trade, and international financial markets: Uncertainty drives a decentralized global supply chain; the U.S. dollar remains the main safe-haven currency, and U.S. dollar debt pushes up the risk for real estate enterprises 12.4.4 Impact of the pandemic on the real estate market: Assets and liabilities of the industry to which the core collateral belongs are under pressure 12.4.5 Interaction between various financial markets 12.5 Policy Response: Stabilize Expectations, Adopt Structural Monetary Policy, and Release Liquidity for Sectors Affected by the Pandemic 12.5.1 As rising uncertainty is at the root of the downward trend in the leverage cycle, boosting confidence is the core strategy to weaken the negative impact and reverse the downward trend 12.5.2 Strengthening expectations management in the real estate industry to reduce the risk of real estate price fluctuations 12.5.3 Due to the rigidity of debt, debt accumulated by leveraging when economic fundamentals are strong imposes a heavy burden on debtors in a downward period, and both the supply (investment) and demand (consumption) sides are suppressed, so it is also critical to reduce tax burdens and appropriately write off debt 12.5.6 Similar to unconventional monetary policy, “forward guidance” is also a tool used for unconventional fiscal policy 12.5.7 Regarding the international market, as many enterprises issue offshore U.S. dollar debt, financial operations such as foreign exchange forwards should be promoted to resolve exchange rate risks and ease the liquidity constraints in these sectors Chapter 13 Waging Financial War on the Pandemic and Countercyclical Monetary Policy Responses 13.1 Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on China’s Financial System 13.1.1 Impact of the pandemic on the industrial economy: PMI index hitting a record low 13.1.2 Impact of the pandemic on the financial market system 13.1.3 Impact of the pandemic on the foreign exchange market: Maintaining the stability of the RMB exchange rate 13.2 Response and Effect of Monetary and Financial Policies 13.2.1 Establishing a financial defense mechanism and a financial stability mechanism to strictly defend the bottom line of “no systemic financial risks” 13.2.2 Implementing countercyclical monetary policy to boost liquidity in the financial system 13.2.3 Leveraging loan prime rate (LPR) reform and implementing market-based “interest rate cuts” 13.2.4 Encouraging commercial banks to provide credit to the real economy 13.2.5 Focusing on the effective combination of fiscal and financial policies 13.2.6 Taking advantage of targeted financial policies to offer “targeted blood transfusion” and “targeted irrigation” to specific regions and industries 13.2.7 Emphasis on capital markets to repair damage to the economy and making timely adjustments to capital market policies to support the real economy 13.2.7.1 Recognizing the importance of the self-repair function and the promotion of resilience in capital markets, within the economic system 13.2.7.2 Innovating capital market financing tools, establishing a “green channel” for bonds, issuing “pandemic prevention and control bonds”, and providing efficient financing support for the real economy 13.2.7.3 Relaxing regulatory policies, loosening refinancing of listed companies, and further evaluating the transition period for new asset management regulations 13.2.7.4 Promoting the exchange rate stabilization mechanism to become the basic policy orientation for maintaining the stability of the RMB exchange rate 13.3 Conclusion Chapter 14 The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Insurance Markets and Policy Responses 14.1 Analysis of the Impact 14.1.1 The short-term impact 14.1.1.1 Income effects 14.1.1.2 Demand effects 14.1.1.3 Investment perspective 14.1.2 Long-term impacts 14.1.2.1 Business logic 14.1.2.2 Product innovation 14.1.2.3 Development model 14.1.2.4 Insurance technology 14.2 Analysis of Corresponding Measures to Alleviate the Impact of COVID-19 14.2.1 Mechanism and product response 14.2.1.1 Guaranteed product development 14.2.1.2 Integrate with medical system reform 14.2.1.3 Accelerating the construction of a catastrophe insurance system 14.2.2 Risk management in the “Post-pandemic era” 14.2.2.1 Systematic risk management 14.2.2.2 Risk management of catastrophes 14.2.2.3 Conventional risk management 14.3 Conclusion Chapter 15 The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Global Economy and Global Policy Response 15.1 The Impact of COVID-19 on the Global Economy 15.1.1 The economic impact on global demand 15.1.2 The economic impact on world supply 15.1.3 Increasing volatility in global capital markets 15.2 Corresponding Global Economic Measures to Combat the Impact of COVID-19 15.2.1 Urgent implementation of expansionary monetary policies 15.2.2 Emergency financial appropriation and implementation of subsidy assistance 15.3 Policy Suggestions Chapter 16 The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on EU Countries and on China–EU Trade Relations and Policy Responses 16.1 The Impact of COVID-19 on European Countries 16.1.1 The spread of COVID-19 in Europe 16.1.2 Corresponding measures in EU countries 16.1.3 Responses from EU 16.1.4 Characteristics and effects of pandemic control in EU countries 16.2 The Impact of COVID-19 on the EU Economy and China–EU Economic and Trade Relations 16.2.1 The impact on the EU economy and its member states 16.2.1.1 Severe turbulence in European stock markets 16.2.1.2 Further aggravation of the weak economic recovery of EU countries 16.2.1.3 COVID-19 lowers the economic development expectations of the EU and its member states 16.2.1.4 The pandemic has caused an increase in the fiscal expenditures of the EU and its member states, leaving indebted countries, including Italy, in a worse situation and increasing the risk of triggering debt and financial secondary crises again 16.2.2 The impact of COVID-19 on China–EU economic and trade relations 16.2.2.1 The pandemic caused a sharp drop in China–Europea trade in the short term, damaging bilateral economic and trade exchanges 16.2.2.2 The pandemic has had a negative impact on the operations of related companies through industry chain channels 16.2.2.3 The pandemic may have a dual impact on the deepening of China–EU economic and trade relations 16.3 Economic Response Measures of the EU and Its Member States and China 16.3.1 Measures taken by EU member states to respond to the economic impact of COVID-19 16.3.2 EU’s measures to respond to economic challenges during the pandemic 16.3.3 The effect of China’s response to the pandemic on the economy of China and Europe 16.3.3.1 China has maintained close communication and has shared information and its experience of dealing with the pandemic 16.3.3.2 China summarizes its own experience and helps Europe to fight the pandemic 16.3.3.3 China has taken multiple measures to promote the resumption of work and the production of companies, including European companies in China Chapter 17 The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Supply Chains and Policy Response 17.1 The Background of the Impact of COVID-19 on Supply Chains 17.2 Evaluation and Judgment of the Impact of COVID-19 on Supply Chains 17.2.1 Adjustment and transfer of the supply chain happened before the outbreak of the epidemic 17.2.2 The United States has taken advantage of China’s plight, intensifying concerns about China’s supply chain security 17.2.3 Supply chain adjustment and transnational transfer of industries have inherent laws, and are not irreversible 17.2.4 China’s supply chain status depends increasingly on its economies of scale and local market effects 17.3 For Content on Improving the Business Environment and Enhancing China’s Supply Chain Status 17.3.1 The impact of COVID-19 on the fundamentals of the economy and measures to alleviate the impact 17.3.1.1 The impact of COVID-19 on the fundamentals of the economy 17.3.1.2 The fundamentals of the economy and repair of the business environment 17.3.2 Improve China’s status in the global business environment, and create a good external environment for supply chains 17.3.2.1 Improve the status of Mainland China in the global business environment 17.3.2.2 Continue to reduce fees and taxes to maintain international competitiveness in taxation 17.3.2.3 Ensure the safety of energy supplies, and reduce the disadvantages of energy costs 17.3.2.4 Speed up various trade negotiations to create a low-tariff international trade environment for China’s supply chains Chapter 18 Challenges Facing the “Post-Pandemic Era” Healthcare System and Policy Responses 18.1 Analysis of the Impact 18.1.1 A run on medical resources 18.1.2 Pressure on primary medical service institutions 18.1.3 A test of the public health system 18.1.4 The Rise of Internet Medical Care 18.2 Analysis of the Response 18.2.1 Emergency response to the outbreak 18.2.1.1 The response of the healthcare system 18.2.1.2 The response of the health insurance system 18.2.1.3 The response of the public health system 18.2.2 Thoughts on the new round of reform of the medical and health system 18.2.2.1 Improve the public health emergency management system 18.2.2.2 Balance the allocation of medical resources 18.2.2.3 Establish a system of a “gatekeeper” for national health 18.2.2.4 Bring the incentive role of medical insurance payment into full play 18.3 Conclusion Chapter 19 Waging a “Green Development” War Against the Pandemic: Challenges and Policy Responses for “Green Growth” During the Pandemic 19.1 Analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Green Development 19.1.1 Inherent relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the neglect of green development 19.1.2 The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the challenges it posed to green development 19.1.2.1 The impact of the pandemic on ecological and environmental governance 19.1.2.2 The impact of the pandemic on consumption-based emissions 19.1.2.3 The impact of the pandemic on production emissions 19.1.2.4 The impact of the pandemic on the use of energy resources 19.2 Combating the Pandemic with “green development”: A Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic 19.2.1 Short-term response of green development 19.2.2 Long-term response to green development 19.3 Conclusion Chapter 20 Governance of “Post-Pandemic Era” Urban Modernization 20.1 Impact 20.1.1 The governance capacity of the urban public health system is in urgent need of improvement 20.1.2 The strengthening of the synergistic capacity of inter-city public health governance is urgently needed 20.1.3 Urban space governance is in urgent need of change 20.1.4 Urban mobile population and settlement policies are in urgent need of reform 20.2 Response 20.2.1 Urban modernization governance: Three principles 20.2.2 Urban modernization governance in the “post-pandemic era”: Response measures 20.2.2.1 Enhance the social capital of citizens 20.2.2.2 Promote the integration of social organizations into community governance 20.2.2.3 Select city officials with high administrative ability 20.3 Conclusion Chapter 21 Reflections and Recommendations on the Governance System and the COVID-19 Pandemic 21.1 Reflections on the Governance System of the Chinese Government Triggered by the COVID-19 Pandemic 21.1.1 The problem with the governance model 21.1.1.1 The influence of the governance model in the field of public health 21.1.1.2 Inadequate prevention in the public health system 21.1.2 The dilemma caused by the collective vacation model 21.1.3 A healthy lifestyle has not yet come into being 21.1.3.1 Sanitation of public facilities 21.1.3.2 People are not used to individual servings at the table 21.1.4 The impact of the pandemic on the economy 21.1.4.1 New economic industries represented by artificial intelligence 21.1.4.2 The development of the film and television industry 21.1.4.3 The development of online education 21.1.4.4 The development of intelligent telemedicine 21.2 Suggestions for Strengthening Macro-Governance and Policy Support 21.2.1 Improving the governance model 21.2.1.1 The governance model 21.2.1.2 Preventive principles in the public healthcare system 21.2.1.3 Improve emergency management mechanisms 21.2.2 Reform the model of taking public holidays 21.2.3 Major measures to restore prosperity after the pandemic 21.2.3.1 Measures for the development of new economic industries represented by artificial intelligence 21.2.3.2 Coping measures for the development of the film and television industry 21.2.3.3 Measures to promote online education 21.2.3.4 Measures to promote telemedicine 21.3 Conclusions Chapter 22 Turning a Crisis into an Opportunity for the Future: A Path for Strategic Development of Enterprises in the “Post-Pandemic Era” 22.1 Analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Enterprises 22.1.1 The challenges and opportunities faced by enterprises in the short term 22.1.1.1 The challenges faced by enterprises in the short term 22.1.1.2 Opportunities brought to enterprises in the short term 22.1.2 The impact of the pandemic on the long-term development of enterprises 22.1.2.1 Changes in people’s opinions and consumption habits will bring new business opportunities 22.1.2.2 The state’s emphasis on health and pandemic prevention will boost the development of related enterprises 22.1.2.3 The following changes in business philosophy are expected to be seen 22.2 Analysis of the Strategies to Cope with the COVID-19 Pandemic 22.2.1 Current economic policies to “fight the pandemic” and the improvement of such policies 22.2.2 Suggestions on policies to support sustainable development of enterprises in the “post-pandemic era” 22.2.3 Strategies to develop enterprises’ adaptability in the “post-pandemic era” 22.2.4 Strategies for enterprises to grasp the opportunities of the great change in the “post-pandemic era” 22.3 Conclusions Chapter 23 The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Services and Policy Responses 23.1 What are “Urban Public Services” 23.2 The Difficulty of Urban Public Services Coping with “Public Crisis” 23.3 The Impact of the Pandemic on Urban Public Services 23.3.1 The impact on living supplies 23.3.2 The impact on medical and health services 23.3.3 The impact on transportation 23.3.4 The impact on electricity, water, and gas supplies 23.4 Analysis of the Coping Strategies of Urban Public Services 23.4.1 Quick launch of “mobile cabin hospitals” in view of insufficient public medical resources 23.4.2 The launch of “online reservation + community delivery” system targeted at people’s living necessities 23.4.3 Promoting the resumption of work and production according to the demand for masks and disinfectants 23.4.4 In view of the resumption of work and production, the joint prevention and control model was constructed 23.4.5 Flexibly adopt urban traffic management plans in view of public transport crowds 23.4.6 Develop “cloud government services” 23.5 Reflections on Urban Modernization Governance in the “post-pandemic era” 23.5.1 On the construction of “low density city” and “resilient city” 23.5.2 How to strengthen the construction of the public health and medical system? 23.5.3 On community’s construction of “smart governance” References Postscript