COVID-19 Pandemic and Global Inequality : Reflections in Labour Market, Business and Social Sectors

The book intends to capture the most critical issue that has cropped up as an aftermath of the Corona pandemic- the phenomenon of widening of global inequalities across nations depending upon their economic position, support policies of the government and international relationship particularly in the context of alarming growth of unemployed in the labour market, business activity and social sector. This book is expected to provide new areas of research to both academicians and policy makers to re-think about global cooperation for bridging the inequalities for a better world. It tries to incorporate the valuable contribution of experts from various fields of knowledge in a consolidated volume. This text will be revised once the chapters are finalized and put together in structured themes. The table of content lists some of the chapters that have been confirmed, but there are more that are being invited by the editors. Foreword Preface Introduction Contents Editors and Contributors List of Figures Part I Sub-Theme—Global Impact 1 Spillover Effects of Global Economic Uncertainty Shocks in Nigeria 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Review of the Extant Literature 1.3 Methodology 1.3.1 Measurement of Economic Uncertainty 1.3.2 Data and Data Source 1.3.3 Model Specification 1.4 Results 1.4.1 Economic Uncertainties and the Asymmetric Uncertainties in Inflation and Private Consumption for Nigeria 1.4.2 International Economic Uncertainties and the Asymmetric of Uncertainties—Real Output, Inflation and Private Consumption for US, China and Europe 1.4.3 The Link Between Domestic (Nigeria’s) Inflation and Private Consumption Uncertainties and Real Activity—Industrial Production 1.4.4 Spillover Effects of Real Output Uncertainty, Inflation Uncertainty and Private Consumption Uncertainty from US, China, and Europe to the Domestic (Nigeria’s) Real Output 1.4.5 Spillover Effects of Real Output Uncertainty, Inflation Uncertainty and Private Consumption Uncertainty from US, China, and Europe to the Domestic (Nigeria’s) Domestic Price Level 1.4.6 Spillover Effects of Real Output Uncertainty, Inflation Uncertainty and Private Consumption Uncertainty from US, China, and Europe to the Domestic (Nigeria’s) Private Consumption 1.5 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations References 2 The Impact of COVID-19 on Sustainable Development in Europe: A Temporal Analysis 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Sustainable Development: Definition and Historical Background 2.1.2 COVID-19 and Its Effects on Sustainable Development 2.1.3 Objectives of the Work 2.2 Material and Methods 2.3 Results 2.4 Discussion and Conclusion References 3 Impact of Large Fiscal Expansion During Catastrophic Macroeconomic Shocks: Lessons from U.S. Paycheck Protection Program 3.1 Background 3.2 Stemming the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic 3.3 The Cost of Saving Jobs and the Impact on Savings 3.4 Fraud, Abuse, and the Impact on Fiscal and Monetary Policies 3.5 Conclusion References 4 COVID-19 Incidence and Economic Confidence: Any Relationships So Far for the world’s Highly Affected Countries? 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Literature Review 4.3 Theoretical Underpinning 4.4 Data and Methodology 4.5 Results and Discussion 4.5.1 Correlation Analysis 4.5.2 Unit Root Test Results 4.5.3 Engle–Granger Cointegration and Error Correction Test Results 4.5.4 Granger Causality Test Results 4.6 Conclusion References 5 COVID-19 Pandemic, Health Crisis and Financial Stability 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Review of Extant Literature 5.3 Data and Research Methods 5.4 Results and Discussion 5.4.1 Unit Root 5.5 Conclusion References 6 The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Incidence of Poverty, Economic Growth and Development: Evidence from Ghana 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Literature Review and Theoretical Framework 6.3 Research Design and Data Requirements 6.4 Results and Analysis 6.5 Conclusions and Policy Implications 6.6 Limitations of the Study References 7 Determining the Right Strategies for Turkey to Avoid an Energy Crisis During the Pandemic Process 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Some Measures to Manage Energy Crisis in the Pandemic Period 7.3 Incentives and Application of Free Market Conditions 7.4 Smart Meters and Flexible Billing 7.5 Nuclear Energy Investments 7.6 Investments in Energy Storage Techniques 7.7 Making Short-Term Projections 7.8 Renewable Energy Investments 7.9 Ensuring High Efficiency in Energy Production 7.10 An Evaluation for Turkey 7.11 Conclusion References Part II Sub-Theme—Trade, Employment, Health and Education 8 COVID-19 Pandemic, Employment Differential and Health Expenditure Nexus in Sub-Saharan African Countries: Evidence from Vector Autorfegressive (VAR) Model 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Literature Review 8.3 Methodology 8.3.1 Data Source 8.3.2 Model Specification 8.4 Results and Discussion 8.4.1 The Variables Descriptive Statistics 8.4.2 Presentation of the Panel Vector Autoregressive (PVAR) Model 8.5 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations References 9 Impact of Foreign Trade and COVID-19 Pandemic on Sri Lankan and Indian Economy: A Comparative Study 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Background Underpinning 9.2.1 COVID-19 Pandemic and Sri Lanka 9.2.2 COVID-19 Pandemic and India 9.2.3 Why Compare India and Sri Lanka? 9.3 Literature Review 9.4 Objectives 9.5 Methodology and Data Source 9.5.1 Data and Variables 9.5.2 Methodology 9.6 Analysis of Results and Discussion 9.7 Conclusion and Recommendations References 10 Divergences of Health Expenditures and Role of the Government in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic in Selected Nations—An Investigation 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Global Health Security (GHS) Index 10.3 Divergences in Fiscal Support in Response to COVID-19 10.4 Literature Survey 10.5 Objective of the Study, Data and Methodology 10.6 Empirical Analysis 10.6.1 Analysis of σ Convergence 10.7 Shock Period Analysis 10.8 Analysis of β Convergence 10.9 Conclusion Annexture R Outcome of Fixed Effect Model for Che_pc_ppp for Pre Shock Period R Outcome of Fixed Effect Model for Dgghe_pc_ppp for Pre Shock R Outcome of Fixed Effect Model for Dpghe_pc_ppp for Pre Shock Period R Outcome of Fixed Effect Model for Che_pc_ppp with Shock Period References 11 Examining the Relationship Between COVID-19 and Different Macroeconomic Variables of the Indian Economy: A Cointegration Analysis 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Review of Literature 11.3 Materials and Methods 11.3.1 Data Source 11.3.2 Stationarity Test 11.3.3 Cointegration 11.4 Results and Analysis 11.4.1 Outcomes of Stationary Test 11.4.2 Outcomes of Cointegration Tests 11.5 Conclusion References 12 Women Matter: An Analysis of Italian women’s Employment Between Two Crises 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Crisis and Quality of Female Employment in Italy 12.3 Data and Methods 12.3.1 Data Description 12.3.2 Model Specification 12.4 Results 12.5 Discussion and Conclusion Appendix References 13 COVID-19, Online Education and Role of Mentoring in Developing Economies—A Theoretical Build-Up with an Empirical Overhaul 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Theoretical Background 13.3 Data and Methodology 13.4 Results and Discussion 13.5 Concluding Remarks and Policy Suggestions References 14 The Role of Government Education Spending in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries in a Post-Covid World 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Government Education Expenditures and Education Outcomes: A Brief Literature Review 14.3 Impact of Government Spending on Education Outcomes in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries Over the Past Decade 14.3.1 Empirical Model 14.3.2 Data Description 14.3.3 Empirical Results 14.4 Learning Losses Due to Covid-19 and the Role of Government Spending 14.5 Conclusion and Policy Takeaways References 15 The Impact of COVID-19 on Institutional Single Family Institutional Investors in Growing U.S. Markets 15.1 Introduction 15.2 COVID and Demographic Trends 15.3 COVID and Impacts on Institutional Investors 15.4 SFR Industry Genesis 15.5 Corporate Business Model 15.6 Methods 15.7 Housing Market Trends 15.8 Interviews with Local Officials 15.9 COVID, Crisis and Future Growth 15.10 Conclusion References 16 Digital Movement, Implications on Sustainable Development in Post Pandemic Time: An Introspection with Special Reference to India 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Objective of the Study 16.3 Date Source and Methodology 16.4 Literature Survey 16.5 Indications of Silver Lining 16.5.1 Flipside of this Process 16.6 Extent of Digital Divide 16.7 A Theoretical Model on Digital Movement in Context of Developing Nations 16.7.1 Advent of Digital Movement and Its Implications on Wage-Inequality 16.7.2 Introduction of Digital Technology in Urban Sector and Its Consequences 16.8 Conclusion Appendix References 17 Effect of Externalities like Choice Overload, Nudges and Unconscious Bias on Consumer Choice and Their Convergence in Student Groups 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Literature Review 17.3 Data Descriptions 17.4 Methodology 17.5 An Overview on PCA 17.6 Results and Discussion 17.7 Convergence Within Student Group 17.8 Conclusion References 18 COVID-19 and Impact on Income Inequality: The Indian Experience 18.1 Background 18.2 Objectives 18.3 Data and Methodology 18.3.1 Data 18.3.2 Methodology 18.4 Results and Discussion 18.5 Concluding Remarks References 19 An Exploratory Analysis of Personal Finance in the Context of COVID-19 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Literature Review 19.3 Materials and Methods 19.4 Results 19.5 Discussion 19.6 Conclusions References 20 Different Socioeconomic Groups’ Psychological Reactions to the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Study 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Objective 20.3 Literature Review 20.3.1 Gender Disparity in the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown 20.3.2 Age Disparity in the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown 20.3.3 The Occupational Disparity in the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown 20.3.4 The Socio-economic Disparity in the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown 20.3.5 The Role of Government 20.4 Materials and Methods 20.4.1 Data 20.4.2 Methods 20.5 Results and Discussion 20.6 Conclusion References