COVID-19 and a world of ad hoc geographies volume 1 Volume 1 / Stanley D. Brunn, Donna Gilbreath, editors

This book provides an interdisciplinary overview of the causes and impacts of COVID-19 on populations, economies, politics, institutions and environments from all world regions. The book maps the causes, effects and impacts of the virus and describes the impact of the virus on among others health care, teaching and learning, travel, tourism, daily life, local and regional economies, media impacts, elections, and indigenous populations and much more. Contributions to this book come from the humanities, social and policy science disciplines as well as from emerging transdisciplinary fields including climate change, sustainability, health care and epidemiology, security, art, visualization, economic and social well-being, law and borderland studies. As such, this book will be a rich source of information to all those geographers, social scientists and urban and regional planners working in this field. Preface Introduction to COVID-19: No End in Sight Possible Research Topics Worth Pursuing The Arts Cultural Economic Education Design and Planning Health and Healthcare Maps and Mapping Media Politics and Law Religion Social Time-Space Issues in Times of Isolation The Future Contents of Volume 1 Contents of Volume 2 Contents of Volume 3 Contributors Part I: Global International Boundaries, Biological Borders, and the Public Governance of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are We Entering a Whole New ... Introduction: The Biopolitics of Pandemic Bordering Searching for a Biological Border? Biological Borders and the Governance of Biological Bordering Herd Immunity Mitigation Suppression and Elimination The Biopolitics of Biological Borders References Pandemic Geopolitics in the Anthropocene Pandemic Geopolitics Living and Dying in the Anthropocene Life in an Artificial World Borders, Dollars, Security Shaping the Future: Rethinking Security Anthropocene Geopolitics References COVID-19 and the Science of Where Introduction Uncertainty The Ecological Fallacy The Modifiable Area Unit Problem Spatial Dependence Spatial Heterogeneity Provenance Concluding Comments: Critical Spatial Thinking References Coronavirus and Conservation: Environmental Repercussions of the COVID-19 Pandemic Introduction Coronavirus and Wildlife Air Pollution and Climate Change Solid Waste and Water Pollution Urban Impacts Conclusion References Pandemic Geopolitics and the Bordering of COVID-19: Academic and Lay Geographies of the Pandemic and Policies to Contain and M... Introduction Critical Geopolitics and Sociospatial Relations Popular Geopolitics Popular Culture News Media Practical Geopolitics The WHO and the Naming of the Disease and its Variants Dashboards Mapping Mobility Restrictions Formal Geopolitics Concluding Thoughts References Rethinking Distance and Presence Conceptions in Times of COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19: The Search for a New Educational Literacy Introduction Philosophical Assumptions on Masks and Faces Pandemic Postulates Regarding Facial Masks Philosophical Assumptions to Presence and Distance Pandemic Assumptions Regarding Presence and Distance in the COVID-19 Context Conclusion References The Swedish COVID-19 Enigma/Exception Introduction A Social Scientific View on Sweden ́s COVID-19 Strategies Regional Specifics Virus Diffusion and Iron Ore Extraction Summary References Part II: States, Cities and COVID-19 Insularity in a Connected World? The COVID-19 Pandemic in Iceland Introduction The `Laboratory ́ Narrative in an Increasingly Diverse Society COVID-19 Makes Its Entrance: The First Wave Summer Calm Before the Autumn Storm Return of the Virus Discussion and Conclusion References Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Small Island: The Isle of Man Case Study Introduction COVID-19 Data Analysis Policies Travel Restrictions Lockdowns and Circuit Breakers The Economy Conclusions References Medical Philately and the World of COVID-19 Postage Stamps: Issues of Truth, Health and Wealth Introduction Issuing COVID-19 Stamps COVID-19 Stamps Dominant Themes and Prices COVID Stamps for Whom? Summary and Conclusion References The COVID-19 Pandemic in Ukraine: A Mosaic of Regional Patterns and Voices of Social Disparity Introduction Theoretical Background and Methodology The Pandemic in Ukraine: Regional Dynamics and Counteraction Policy Specifics on the Distribution of Registered Cases by Regions and Settlements COVID-19: Spatial and Social Fissures and Vulnerability of Ukrainian Communities Conclusions and Discussions References COVID-19 Policy in Uzbekistan: Slipping Back Toward Authoritarianism? Introduction The MIrzoyayev ``Honeymoon ́ ́: Slow But Significant Reform Repression Goes Viral Pandemic Policies and Politics: Back to the Future? Ineffectiveness and Lack of Transparency Conclusion References The Pandemic in Belarus in 2020-21: COVID-19 in the Shadow of Politics Introduction The Beginning Spring Parade Summer, Solidarity, and COVID-19 Shadowed by Politics Politics, Again; Counterattack State Statistics and Trust Issues References COVID-19, the Stay-Home Discourse, and a New Geographic Haven References COVID-19 Geopolitics in Southeast Asia: Regional and National Health (in)Securities in Times of Pandemic Introduction Regional Preparedness Uneven Capabilities Medical Diplomacy as ``Soft Power ́ ́ ``Love in the Time of Coronavirus ́ ́ COVID-19 Migrant Clusters COVID-19 Cold War COVID-19 Coup A Sick, Fractured Geo-Body Civil Disobedience and Traumatic Geopolitics Health Security and Geopolitics Where we Go from Here? References Three Challenges Facing Guatemala ́s COVID-19 Crisis: Mobility, Violence and Governance Background Mobility Violence Governance Conclusion References COVID-19 Waves and Politics in Costa Rica Introduction First Wave Second Wave Third Wave Conclusion References Societal Perceptions of the Saudi Government ́s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic Introduction Saudi Government Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic Social Restrictions Lifted and Reimposed Coronavirus Applications Social Restrictions: Attitudes and Perceptions Survey Results Societal Complacency The Travel Ban for Saudi Nationals 2021 Vaccination Program Concluding Remarks References Tackling Challenges of COVID-19: An Assessment of the Convergence-Divergence Debates from the Global South-India Introduction `Cheek-by-jowl ́- Why Density Matters? Pandemic in Retrospect Fact India Demographic Transition and Its Relation to COVID19 Spread of COVID19 Spread of COVID-19 Infection and Migration Geographical Patterns of Hot Spots and Cold Spot Infections Age Structure of the Population and COVID19 Epidemiological Transition and COVID19 Conclusion References Health Geography of COVID-19: An Exploratory Analysis of the Pandemic during its First Phase in the Compact Cities of Barcelon... Introduction Health and Society as a System Why Social Inequalities Explain Health? The Interrelationship of Density, Longevity, Socioeconomics, Biodiversity and Contagion Barcelona and Madrid, Compact and Dense Cities with Different Contagion Patterns: Data, Methodology and Results Data and Data Sources Methodology Cluster Analysis: How Clustered Are the Neighborhoods with Highest Number of Positive COVID-19 Cases? Spatial Autoregressive Analysis How Socioeconomic, Neighborhood and Aging Population Conditions Are Related to Cases of COVID-19 in Barcelona and Madrid Conclusions and Concluding Remarks References Impacts of COVID-19 on Pakistan Society: Home Confinement, Social Survey Data and Maps Showing Diffusion Introduction Impact of Home Confinement Survey on Safety Behavior During Home Confinement Geographical Information System (GIS) Mapping of COVID-19 Cases Conclusion References Part III: Political Impacts: Laws, Borders, Diplomacy, Elections, Peacekeeping Peacekeeping Operations: Challenges and Opportunities in the Midst of Health Crises Introduction Cholera - Peacekeepers as Disease Spreaders Ebola - Peacekeepers as First Responders? Old Operational Challenges New Operational Opportunities? Final Remarks References Travel Restrictions and Border Security Measures on the Canada-U.S. Border During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Law Matter in a ... Introduction Jurisdiction Over Border Measures Implementation of Canada-U.S. Border Measures Legal Evaluation of Canada-U.S. Border Measures Jurisdictional Issues Civil Liberties Issues Government ́s Duty to Protect Public Government ́s Duty to Respect Civil Liberties Judicial Deference During Pandemics Justification for Border Measures Under the Charter Public Health Practices and Border Measures Conclusion References Legislation and Other Legal Instruments Caselaw Books and Articles Forgotten Ones: Rhetoric of Migration and Tourism Governance in South Africa in the Sedentary Epoch of COVID-19 Background Migrant Businesses and Exclusion from Government Support COVID-19 and Increased Xenophobia Migration Management South Africa ́s Border Management in the Time of COVID-19 Migrants in South Africa and Impact of COVID-19 Conclusion References From European Union Student Mobility to Lockdown: ``Virtual Study Mobility ́ ́ in the COVID-19 Era and a Case Study of Transnati... Introduction The Erasmus Programme Benefits of Student Mobility The Field Trip Widening Participation Readiness to Study Abroad 2020-2021: Impact of the Pandemic Online Study Week Programme Inclusion in the Online World Conclusion References Vaccination Nation: Vaccine Diplomacy and the U.S. Vaccine Rollout Introduction Previous Vaccine Efforts COVID-19 Vaccines US Vaccine Rollout to Date Racial Disparities in Access The Global Vaccine Rollout Conclusion References Changing COVID-19 Border Restrictions and Borderland Resilience: The Finnish-Swedish Border Case Introduction ``Covidfencing ́ ́ and Borderland Resilience Changing Border Regulations at the Finnish-Swedish Border The Right to Leave and Return the Country ``Local Border Community ́ ́ as a New (and Old) Category Conclusions References Free Movement of Persons and Goods in the European Union During COVID-19 Introduction Interruption of Freedom of Movement and Re-opening the Borders Legal Rules of the EU to Ensure Free Movement Was the Schengen Code Bypassed? Free Movement as an Economic Issue Free Movement of Goods Financial Loss from the Lockdown of the European Union Conclusion References Intertwined Geographies of the Pandemic and the U.S. Presidential Election of 2020: COVID-19 Prevalence and Donald Trump Introduction The Wisconsin Primary The ``Summer Wave ́ ́ The Presidential Campaign The November 3 Presidential Election COVID-19, Votes, and Party Conclusions References Part IV: Communication, Branding and the Media Affective Immediately: Reading the Semiotic Landscape of COVID-19 in Lincoln, Nebraska Introduction: At the Threshold Reading the Semiotic Landscape of Affect Methodological Considerations Analysis: Semiotic Landscapes of Affect During Coronavirus The Measure of All Things: `Zoning ́ the Body in Time and Space Discursive Bodies: Convening ``We ́ ́ Returning bodies Conclusion References Local Newspaper Coverage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Major Texas Cities: A Visual Comparison of Houston and El Paso Introduction The Coronavirus Pandemic in Houston and Harris County, Texas The Coronavirus Pandemic in El Paso and El Paso County, Texas Newspapers and the Pandemic Word Cloud Analysis Reporting on the COVID-19 Pandemic and Word Cloud Comparisons Between Houston and El Paso Conclusion References COVID-19 as the Great (un)Equalizer: The Framing of Women in Media Coverage in China, the Middle East, and the U.S. Introduction Conceptual Framework: Feminist Political Economy Conceptual Framework: Media Coverage and Disease Outbreaks Data and Methods Coding Procedures Findings Discussion of Frames Women as Victims of Violence Women as Mothers Women as Responsible for Health or Caring Discussion and Conclusions References Place Branding for Immigrant and Refugee Integration and Receptivity Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Responses of U.S. Cities in t... Introduction The Broader Context of Place Branding Amid Immigration Integration and Receptivity Place Branding and City Branding Municipal and Metropolitan Immigrant Integration and Receptivity Welcoming City Initiatives in the U.S. Examples of Welcoming City Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic Conclusion References Lost in Translation: Reporting About COVID-19 Pandemic by Community Vernacular Radio Stations in Rural Kenya Introduction and Background Background to Dholuo The Media and Translation Community Vernacular Radio Review of Relevant Literature Medical Translation Theoretical Issues Equivalence in Translation Mistranslation Method Findings Borrowing Calque Transposition Modulation Adaptation Discussions: Lost in Translation Linguistic Factors Lexical Factors Structural Factors Lack of Knowledge of the Language Lack of Technical Knowledge Conclusion and Recommendation References Examining Effective Communication During COVID-19 Through Prime Minister ́s Speeches: The Case of Malaysia Introduction Pre-Independence History and Language Policy of Malaysia COVID-19 in Malaysia Methodological Considerations What Counts as Effective Communication? Language Preference Language Dominance Language Motivation Comparison of Highest Frequency Words in Bahasa Melayu and English Transcripts Concluding Remarks References Trump and the Coronavirus: The Triumph of Incompetence Introduction The Pandemic Begins: Indifference and Ignorance Rule The Height of the Scourge: Narcissism, Cruelty, and Science Denial The Fruits of Incompetence: Catastrophe Conclusion References Part V: Communications: Websites, Social Media Presenting, Representing, and Misrepresenting COVID-19 in the Five Central Asian States: The Political Underpinnings of Offici... Introduction The COVID-19 Pandemic and State Response in Central Asia The Internet and Media Consumption in Central Asia Cyberboosterism and Patronal Politics in e-Government E-government in Central Asia COVID-19 Websites in Central Asia Conclusion References The Role of User-Generated Content Data for Collaborative Learning: Identifying Tourism Hot Topics During the Pandemic Introduction Literature Framework Social Media Role in the Tourism Sector The Use of Social Media Under Crisis Circumstances User Generated Content and Sentimental Analysis in Crisis Management Research Approach Research Methodology Data Sampling Topic Recognition Using LDA Sentiment Analysis Text Analysis Results Analysis Discussion Conclusions Managerial Considerations Theoretical Implications References The Impact of COVID-19 and Use of Geo-Tagged User Data in Territories Without Planning: The Case of São Tomé and Príncipe Introduction Approaching São Tomé and Príncipe The Timeline of COVID-19 in São Tomé and Príncipe Linking the Territory, Mobility and Telecommunications into an Epidemic Model The Use of Big Data Method Discussion and Conclusion References Social Distancing and Politeness: Hungarian Emailing Practices During the Coronavirus Epidemic Introduction The Variability of Emailing Practices and the Expression of Politeness Politeness and Solidarity in Emails The Quarantine Situation and a Re-evaluation of Linguistic Interaction Practices Methodology of Data Collection Results The Position of References to the Epidemic in the Emails ́ Structure The Epidemic Situation in Various Domains of Email Correspondence From Typical Formulas to Individual Variants Coming Closer Emotionally and Linguistically at a Time of Social Distance and Spatial Distancing Summary References Application of GIS in Vaccine Distribution During COVID-19 Brief History of Medical Geography Present Day GIS in Public Health Applications of GIS During COVID-19 GIS for Visualizing Global Disease Spread and Patterns GIS for Tracking and Taking Action on Infectious Disease Best Practices GIS for Telling COVID-19 Stories Application of GIS in Vaccine Distribution Exploratory Frameworks and Initial Discussions Recommendations for a Phased Approach Data Collection, Management, and Monitoring Vaccine Scheduling Addressing Phases When Phases Change - Geospatial Analysis and Modeling Equitable Vaccine Distribution Taking Vaccines to the Homes Stakeholder and Community Engagement Using GIS Combating Misinformation GIS Data Sharing Geographic Information Underpins Public Health Operations References Part VI: Cartoons and Cartooning More than a Message: Public Health Advocacy, Political Cartooning and COVID-19 Challenges in Pakistan Introduction Freedom of Expression in Pakistan, Political Cartooning and COVID-19 Coronavirus as a Horrible Creature Amid a Global Crisis Political Games and Mistrust in Government Responses/Policies Self-Relevant Emotions and Poverty: Not a Funny Matter at All Political Opposition in Action: Pakistan Democratic Movement and the Second Wave of COVID-19 Conclusion References What ́s So Funny About COVID-19? How Some Comic Strip Artists Have Approached or Avoided a Sensitive Subject Introduction Statement of Problem Empirical Analysis of COVID-Related Cartoons Spatial Variation in Cartoons with COVID-19 Content Temporal Variation in Cartoons with COVID-19 Content Changes in the Newspapers Themselves Over the Course of the Study The Psychological Value of Escapism in Cartoons Critical Assessment of Cartoons on the Funny Pages Pandemic-Related Themes in Three Different Comic Strips Major Themes Uncovered in Popular Comic Strips Restrictions on ``Normal ́ ́ Social Interaction Telecommuting, Distance Learning and Zoom Meetings Social Disruption of Taken-for-Granted Routines Empathy and the ``New Normal ́ ́ Maladjustments Positive Changes Missed Opportunities and Future Research References Visualizing the Unspeakable in Thought: A Multi-Model Discourse Analysis of Cartoons as a Device for Communicating COVID-19 Me... Introduction Historical Development of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Coronavirus (COVID-19) Situation in Ghana The Concept of Cartoons Cartoons as a Device for Communication Theoretical Framework Methodology Analysis and Discussion of Data Conclusion References Part VII: Maps and Mapping One Year of COVID-19: Mapping the Spread of a Global Pandemic Introduction Data Cartographic Approach Mapping the Global Pandemic Conclusion References Mapping Silenced Spaces During Increased Overdose and COVID-19: Opportunities for Danger and Harm Reduction in Southern Appala... Introduction Methods Silenced Spaces Lack of Reliable Overdose Data Lack of Reliable Data on Unsheltered Populations Lack of Reliable Data on COVID-19 Cases Efforts to Make Spaces Legible in the Name of Public Health Benefits and Harms of Making Spaces Legible Conclusion References COVID-19 in Tunisia: Mapping and Documenting the Impacts on Those on the Margins Introduction: From Pandemic Context to Pandemic Pretext A Full-Scale Lockdown in an `Already ́ Sick Country Democratic Governance Challenged by the Health Crisis: Underscoring the Conflicts of Power Spontaneous Mobilizations of the Youth: `Better Safe Than Sorry ́ The Food Crisis, an Indicator of the Rural Populations ́ Vulnerability The `Other ́ Populations at Risk in the COVID-19 Days in Tunisia: The Immobilized Sub-Saharan Migrants Conclusion: And Then, Going Beyond the Window-Dressing? References Mapping the COVID-19 Spatial Behaviors and Narratives of Women in an Architecture School in the Midwest USA Introduction Review of Literature Method Spatial Narratives and Mappings of the Six Female Architecture Students A Student of Hispanic Lineage in Her Early 20s A Student of Caucasian Lineage in Her Early 20s A Student of Caucasian Lineage in Her Late 20s A First-Generation Immigrant Student of Rohingya Lineage in Her Early 20s A Student of Caucasian Lineage in Her Early 20s A Student of Caucasian Lineage in Her Early 20s Evaluating Creativity of These Spatial Mapping Assignments Analysis and Findings Conclusion References Increased Use of Maps During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Example from Morocco Introduction Global Use of Maps and Graphs as Digital Data An Ordinary Use of Epidemiological Data: The Moroccan Case Summary and Conclusion References Part VIII: Cultures: Diffusion and Social Well-being The Way from the Leading Position to the Last: Geo-demographic Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Czechia Introduction General Theoretical Background Data sources Epidemic Trajectories in Czechia The First Wave (March 2020-May 2020) The Second Wave (August 2020-November 2020) The Third Wave (December 2020-January 2021) The Fourth Wave (from February 2021) The Spread of COVID-19 in Czechia and Its Neighboring Countries at the Regional Level in 2021 Demographic Aspects: Potential Impact of COVID-19 on Mortality Level Geographic Aspects: The Exploration of Spatial Patterns at Regional Levels The Pre-pandemic Situation in the Czech Regions The Regional Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic Conclusion References COVID-19 Deaths in México: A Spatiotemporal Analysis Introduction: COVID-19 in Mexico Method Results and Analysis Discussion Limitations Interactive Visualization References Impact of COVID-19 on Culture in Nigeria Introduction Spatial Spread of COVID-19 Across Nigeria Effect of COVID-19 on the Livelihood of Nigerian People Lockdown and Family Contact Hours Effects of Lockdown on Socio-Economy COVID-19, Lockdown and Behaviour Change Conclusion References Research Frontiers on COVID-19 Issues in Brazilian Context Introduction Brazilian Education in the COVID-19 Context Violence Against Women in Brazil in the COVID-19 Context Violence and Hate Against Health Care Professionals in Brazil the COVID-19 Context Indians and Quilombola Communities in Brazil in the COVID-19 Context Brazilian Media Role in the Context of COVID-19 Conclusion References Geography, Factors and Consequences of COVID-19 Diffusion in Russia Introduction References Effects of COVID-19 on Urban Mobility and Public Space Use in Kumasi, Ghana Introduction The Problem and Structure of African Cities Mobility Challenges and Restricted Use of Public Spaces in Kumasi Structure and Mobility Patterns in African Cities Study Context and Methodology Study Results Nature of Restrictions on Urban Mobility Under COVID-19 Changes in Trip Patterns and Modal Choices Impacts of COVID-19 on Revenues of Vehicle Operators Limited Social Interactions and Use of Public Spaces Discussions of Findings COVID-19 Impacts and Implications for Urban Functioning Perceptions and Responses of Commuters and Residents Preliminary Reflections and Implications for Managing Health Emergencies Conclusion References Part IX: Mobility and Immobility Impact of COVID-19 on Nepal ́s Labour Migration Introduction Socio-Economic Vulnerabilities of Nepali Labour Migrants Wage Theft and Challenges to Access to Justice Repatriation of Nepali Migrants COVID-19 and Labour Migrants ́ Return and Reintegration: Responses During the Pandemic Conclusion References Voting with Their Feet: Coronavirus Pandemic Refugees and the Future of American Cities Introduction Pre-Pandemic Migration Trends COVID-19 Implications for U.S. Cities Postscript References Exploring Human Mobilities in the COVID-19 Era in Urban and Rural Canada Introduction International Mobility Inter- and Intra-provincial Mobility Local Mobilities Conclusions: Mobility in the COVID-19 Era and the Research Questions That Need to Be Asked References Rearranging Mobilities and Immobilities and Place-Remaking During COVID-19: Governing the Pandemic Situation Through (Im)mobil... Introduction Governmobility and Technological Self-Governance Governing Through Rearranged Mobilities and Immobilities Based on Technology Internal Negotiations for New Norms Conclusions Towards Place-Remaking References Pandemic and Education: Persistent Deepening of Educational Inequalities in Argentina as a Consequence of COVID-19 Introduction Schools and Previous Pandemics in Argentina Origin and Persistence of Argentina ́s Territorial Inequalities Education and Regional Inequalities: A Brief Historical Overview 1869-2010 Differences in Rural Population Socio-Territorial and Technological Gap: Its Impact on Education Connecting Equality: A Truncated Proposal, Which Aimed to Reduce the Technological Gap The Educational Context of an Unequal Argentina in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic Pandemic Does Not Affect All Students Equally Final Reflections References Part X: Inequalities and Divides COVID-19 and the Comorbidities of Spatial Inequality and Colonial Legacy: Two Caribbean Cases - Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago Introduction Spatial Inequality Public Space Control, Caribbean Style Data Source, Collection and Analysis Restrictions on Public Spaces Sharing of Spaces Movement Between Spaces Violations of Restrictions Exemplary Cases Conclusion References Digital Inequalities in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel and Germany Introduction: COVID-19, a Magnifying Glass for Digital Inequalities Theorizing Digital Inequalities Digital Media in Israel and Germany The Present Study Three Social Domains of Digital Inequalities: Education, Vital Needs, and Surveillance Apps Education Access to Vital Needs Surveillance Apps Conclusion References Beyond the Ecumene: Roma Genesis, Community and Survival in the COVID-19 World Introduction The Ecumene as the Roma Terra Dolorosa The Roma, the Roma Ethnogenesis and the Roma Genocide The Roma: Life Under the Shadow of the Pandemic Conclusion References Part XI: Marginalized Groups: Refugees, Silences, Gender, Racism, Survival Ethnic Minorities in Poland in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Threats, Stigma and Forms of (In)visibility Introduction Ethnic Minorities in Poland: Hidden Diversity Kashubs and Silesians: Between Official Recognition and Invisibility Our Study: Sample, Procedure and Measures Minority Language Use Among Kashubs and Silesians During the Pandemic COVID-Related Stigma, Visibility and ad hoc Geographies Other Insights from Our Survey Final Discussion and Conclusions References Everyday Morbid Geography: Street Life and COVID-19 State Regulation in Manila and Hanoi Introduction Review of Related Literature ``Everyday Life ́ ́ and the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cities State Surveillance, Informality, and Transgressive Behavior During Crises Street Vendors, Self-Organization, and Co-production, in the Face of Planning Methodology Fieldwork Findings Metro Manila Hanoi Analysis and Discussion Concluding Remarks References Undocumented Migrants and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Similar and Dissimilar COVID-19 Stories Comparing Finland and Iran Introduction Undocumented Migrants in Finland and Iran COVID-19 Pandemic in Finland and Iran Undocumented Migrants and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Finland and Iran Information About the COVID-19 Virus Impact on Mobility Impact on Access to Health Care COVID-19 Prevention and Vaccination Conclusions References `If I Don ́t Sell Food, How Would I Eat? ́ Negotiating Street Vendor Livelihoods in the Context of COVID-19 Lockdowns in Urban T... Introduction The First Wave of COVID-19 in Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos Street Vending in Chiang Mai, Hanoi, and Luang Prabang COVID-19 Impacts for Southeast Asian Street Vendors: Income Drops and Livelihood Concerns Surviving the Lockdown: Responses to the First Wave of COVID-19 The Heightened Importance of Social Networks The Appeal and Downsides of e-Commerce Conclusion: Elimination and Perseverance References Impact of COVID-19 on Local Planning Practices: Focusing on Tactical Urbanism, Slow Streets and Low-Income Communities in Oakl... Introduction Literature Review Definition of Tactical Urbanism Key Aim of Tactical Urbanism Key Characteristics of Tactical Urbanism Outcomes of Tactical Urbanism Who Leads Tactical Urbanism? Methods Why Slow Streets? Why These Six Cities? Case Study Data Collection and Analysis Results Program Roll-Out and Implementation Leading Agencies Community Engagement Focus on Low-Income Communities Are the Programs Perceived to Be Effective? Health of Low-Income Communities Short-Term vs. Long-Term Post-COVID-19 Plans Implications of the Key Findings and Discussion Tactical Urbanism, Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up Lack of Effective Community Engagement Lack of Alignment with Longer Term Plans Lack of Attention to the Health Needs of Underserved Communities Conclusion Longer Term Planning and Strategies Democratic Governance Equitable Development References Risk and the Transformation of Everyday Places and Spaces: Emptiness and Meaning-Making in Daily Life Amid the COVID-19 Pandem... Navigating Risk Geographies to Acquire Food: Empty Shelves as Empty Spaces Risk Landscapes of Public Spaces: Caution Indoors and Outdoors Conclusion: Empty Common Spaces and Risk Avoidance References Racism in the Times of COVID-19: Angos, Dirty, Undisciplined, and Vendors in Quito, Ecuador Introduction COVID-19 and Control Measures in Quito Methods Undisciplined, Irrational, and Angos The Workings of Race-Based Marginalization of Vendors Race, Colonialism and Hygiene: Angos Conclusions References Blurry Microgeographies of the New Normal: Grappling with COVID-19 Disruptions, Disgust and Despair in Switzerland Dispatches on Coronavirus and Everyday Life Uncovering the Everyday Disenchantment and Despair Disgust and Disinformation Vignette: Annette, 41, Office Worker Vignette: Thomas, 29, Designer and Student Vignette: Hannah, 56, Housecleaner A Condition of Prolonged Uncertainty References Vulnerability, Infection, and Anti-discrimination Among Asian Americans and COVID-19: Explorations into Race and Health Inters... Introduction Analytical Framework, Theoretical Foundation, and Research Questions Analytical Framework: Social Vulnerability Theoretical Framework: Moral Panics Literature Gaps and Research Questions Research Methods: Customized ASVI and Implementation Data Sources Methods Empirical Results: ASVI, COVID-19 Impacts, and Anti-Asian Racism Asian SVI v. CDC ́s SVI ASVI and COVID-19 Incidence Rate Anti-Asian Discrimination Amid COVID-19 Summary and Conclusion References Racism, Risk, and Supply: U.S. Policies Toward COVID-19 and Asia, and Current and Future Impacts on Asian Americans Introduction The Political Economy of Asian Americans and Health in the U.S. Asian American Nurses and COVID-19 Discussion Conclusion: Policy Implications and Research Priorities References Q ́eqaläj Jiq ́ Ojöb `Darkest Suffocating Cough ́ (COVID-19) in Guatemala: Kaqchikel Maya Personal Accounts of Overcoming the Pan... How This Chapter Came to Be Introduction Ri ajna ́oj, ajtz ́ib ́: The Contributing Authors Qatinamit: Our Communities Junajpu ́: Santa María de Jesús Chi Xot: Comalapa Chi Iximche ́: Tecpn Guatemala Chi K ́im: Santiago Sacatepéquez K ́ak ́a ́ Orleans: New Orleans Ri Q ́eqaläj Jiq ́ Ojöb pa qatinamit wakamin: COVID-19 in Our Communities Today How This Illness Came to Kaqchikel Communities Work and wäy (Tortillas/Food) The Kaqchikel Bestir Themselves, They Help One Another Sch