Counting the Many: The Origins and Limits of Supermajority Rule (Cambridge Studies in the Theory of Democracy, Series Number 10)

"Supermajority rules govern many features of our lives in common: from the selection of textbooks for our children's schools to residential covenants, from the policy choices of state and federal legislatures to constitutional amendments. It is usually assumed that these rules are not only normatively unproblematic but necessary to achieve the goals of institutional stability, consensus, and minority protections. In this book, Melissa Schwartzberg challenges the logic underlying the use of supermajority rule as an alternative to majority decision making. She traces the hidden history of supermajority decision making, which originally emerged as an alternative to unanimous rule, and highlights the tensions in the contemporary use of supermajority rules as an alternative to majority rule. Although supermajority rules ostensibly aim to reduce the purported risks associated with majority decision making, they do so at the cost of introducing new liabilities associated with the biased judgments they generate and secure."--Publisher's description Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction Part I 2 Prelude: Acclamation and Aggregation in the Ancient World 3 Unanimitas to a Two- Thirds Vote 4 Unanimity and Supermajority Rule in Eighteenth- Century France Part II 5 Equality, Majority Rule, and Supermajorities 6 Constitutionalism without Supermajorities 7 Constitutionalism under Complex Majoritarianism 8 Conclusion References Index Examines the history underlying the use of supermajority voting rules and offers a critique of their ability to remedy the defects of majority decision making.