Coulson and Richardson’s chemical engineering, Volume 1B: Heat and mass transfer : fundamentals and applications

Coulson and Richardson's Chemical Engineering has been fully revised and updated to provide practitioners with an overview of chemical engineering. Each reference book provides clear explanations of theory and thorough coverage of practical applications, supported by case studies. A worldwide team of editors and contributors have pooled their experience in adding new content and revising the old. The authoritative style of the original volumes 1 to 3 has been retained, but the content has been brought up to date and altered to be more useful to practicing engineers. This complete reference to chemical engineering will support you throughout your career, as it covers every key chemical engineering topic. Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering: Volume 1B: Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications, Seventh Edition , covers two of the main transport processes of interest to chemical engineers: heat transfer and mass transfer, and the relationships among them. Covers two of the three main transport processes of interest to chemical engineers: heat transfer and mass transfer, and the relationships between them Includes reference material converted from textbooks Explores topics, from foundational through technical Includes emerging applications, numerical methods, and computational tools Front Cover......Page 1 Coulson and Richardson's Chemical Engineering: Volume 1B: Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 About Professor Coulson......Page 14 About Professor Richardson......Page 16 Preface to Seventh Edition......Page 18 Preface to Sixth Edition......Page 20 Preface to Fifth Edition......Page 22 Preface to Fourth Edition......Page 24 Preface to Third Edition......Page 26 Preface to Second Edition......Page 28 Preface to First Edition......Page 30 Acknowledgements......Page 34 Introduction......Page 36 Part 1: Heat Transfer......Page 38 1.1. Introduction......Page 40 1.2.1. Individual and Overall Coefficients of Heat Transfer......Page 41 1.2.2. Mean Temperature Difference......Page 44 1.3.1. Conduction Through a Plane Wall......Page 48 1.3.2. Thermal Resistances in Series......Page 51 1.3.3. Conduction Through a Thick-Walled Tube......Page 55 1.3.4. Conduction Through a Spherical Shell and to a Particle......Page 56 Basic considerations......Page 57 Schmidt's method......Page 66 Heating and cooling of solids and particles......Page 69 Heating and melting of fine particles......Page 77 1.3.6. Conduction With Internal Heat Source......Page 79 1.3.7. Multidimensional Steady Conduction......Page 83 Graphical method......Page 88 Numerical method......Page 95 1.4.1. Natural and Forced Convection......Page 104 1.4.2. Application of Dimensional Analysis to Convection......Page 105 Turbulent flow......Page 107 Streamline flow......Page 112 Flow across single cylinders......Page 120 Flow at right angles to tube bundles......Page 122 Annular sections between concentric tubes......Page 131 1.4.6. Convection to Spherical Particles......Page 132 1.4.7. Natural Convection......Page 133 Natural convection to air......Page 136 Fluids between two surfaces......Page 140 1.5.1. Introduction......Page 141 1.5.2. Radiation From a Black Body......Page 142 1.5.3. Radiation From Real Surfaces......Page 145 1.5.4. Radiation Transfer Between Black Surfaces......Page 151 1.5.5. Radiation Transfer Between Grey Surfaces......Page 163 Radiation between parallel plates......Page 166 Radiation shield......Page 167 Multisided enclosures......Page 169 1.5.6. Radiation From Gases......Page 177 Radiation from gases containing suspended particles......Page 183 1.6.1. Film Coefficients for Vertical and Inclined Surfaces......Page 184 The Nusselt equation......Page 186 Influence of vapour velocity......Page 188 Turbulence in the film......Page 189 1.6.3. Dropwise Condensation......Page 190 1.6.4. Condensation of Mixed Vapours......Page 191 1.7.1. Conditions for Boiling......Page 196 Interface evaporation......Page 198 1.7.3. Heat Transfer Coefficients and Heat Flux......Page 200 Effect of temperature difference......Page 202 Effect of pressure......Page 203 1.7.4. Analysis Based on Bubble Characteristics......Page 205 1.7.5. Subcooled Boiling......Page 207 1.7.6. Design Considerations......Page 209 Inside film coefficient......Page 211 Outside film coefficient......Page 212 1.8.2. Jacketed Vessels......Page 215 1.8.3. Time Required for Heating or Cooling......Page 216 1.9.1. General Description......Page 219 1.9.2. Basic Components......Page 221 1.9.3. Mean Temperature Difference in Multipass Exchangers......Page 226 Practical values......Page 234 Correlated data......Page 235 Tube-side......Page 241 Shell-side......Page 243 Process conditions......Page 244 Design methods......Page 245 Tube-side coefficient......Page 250 Shell-side coefficient......Page 251 Pressure drop......Page 252 1.9.7. Heat Exchanger Performance......Page 254 1.9.8. Transfer Units......Page 256 Film coefficients......Page 262 Practical data......Page 270 1.10.2. Plate-Type Exchangers......Page 272 1.10.3. Spiral Heat Exchangers......Page 274 Advantages of compact units......Page 276 Plate and fin exchangers......Page 277 Printed-circuit exchangers......Page 278 1.10.5. Scraped-Surface Heat Exchangers......Page 279 1.11.1. Heat Losses Through Lagging......Page 281 1.11.3. Critical Thickness of Lagging......Page 283 1.12. Nomenclature......Page 288 References......Page 295 Further Reading......Page 300 Part 2: Mass Transfer......Page 302 2.1. Introduction......Page 304 2.2.1. Properties of Binary Mixtures......Page 307 2.2.2. Equimolecular Counterdiffusion......Page 308 2.2.3. Mass Transfer Through A Stationary Second Component......Page 310 Experimental determination of diffusivities......Page 314 Prediction of diffusivities......Page 317 2.2.5. Mass Transfer Velocities......Page 319 2.2.6. General Case for Gas-Phase Mass Transfer in a Binary Mixture......Page 321 2.2.7. Diffusion as a Mass Flux......Page 322 2.2.8. Thermal Diffusion......Page 323 2.2.9. Unsteady-State Mass Transfer......Page 326 Gas absorption......Page 328 2.3.1. Molar Flux in Terms of Effective Diffusivity......Page 329 Maxwell's law for a binary system......Page 330 Transfer of A through stationary B......Page 331 Maxwell's law for multicomponent mass transfer......Page 332 2.4. Diffusion in Liquids......Page 333 2.4.1. Liquid Phase Diffusivities......Page 334 2.5. Mass Transfer Across a Phase Boundary......Page 336 2.5.1. The Two-Film Theory......Page 337 2.5.2. The Penetration Theory......Page 339 Regular surface renewal......Page 344 Random surface renewal......Page 348 Varying interface composition......Page 350 2.5.3. The Film-Penetration Theory......Page 353 2.5.4. Mass Transfer to a Sphere in a Homogenous Fluid......Page 357 2.5.6. Interfacial Turbulence......Page 358 2.5.7. Mass Transfer Coefficients......Page 359 Stagewise Processes......Page 362 Continuous differential contact processes......Page 363 2.6. Mass Transfer and Chemical Reaction in a Continuous Phase......Page 367 First-order reaction......Page 368 nth-order reaction......Page 369 Second-order reaction (n=2)......Page 370 2.6.2. Unsteady-State Process......Page 374 2.7. Mass Transfer and Chemical Reaction in a Catalyst Pellet......Page 378 2.7.1. Flat Platelets......Page 379 2.7.2. Spherical Pellets......Page 382 2.7.3. Other Particle Shapes......Page 387 2.7.4. Mass Transfer and Chemical Reaction With a Mass Transfer Resistance External to the Pellet......Page 390 2.8. Taylor-Aris Dispersion......Page 392 2.9. Practical Studies of Mass Transfer......Page 395 Heat transfer......Page 396 Mass transfer......Page 397 2.9.2. Mass Transfer at Plane Surfaces......Page 399 2.9.3. Effect of Surface Roughness and Form Drag......Page 400 2.9.4. Mass Transfer From a Fluid to the Surface of Particles......Page 401 Mass transfer to single particles......Page 402 Mass transfer to particles in a fixed or fluidised bed......Page 404 2.10. Nomenclature......Page 405 References......Page 409 Further Reading......Page 411 Part 3: Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer......Page 412 3.1. Introduction......Page 414 3.2. The Momentum Equation......Page 417 3.2.1. Steady-State Momentum Balance Over the Element 1-2-3-4......Page 419 3.3. The Streamline Portion of the Boundary Layer......Page 420 3.3.1. Shear Stress at the Surface......Page 425 3.4.1. The Turbulent Portion......Page 426 3.4.2. The Laminar Sublayer......Page 429 3.5.1. Entry Conditions......Page 434 3.5.2. Application of the Boundary-Layer Theory......Page 436 3.6.2. The Heat Balance......Page 439 3.6.3. Heat Transfer for Streamline Flow Over a Plane Surface-Constant Surface Temperature......Page 441 3.6.4. Heat Transfer for Streamline Flow Over a Plane Surface-Constant Surface Heat Flux......Page 446 3.7. The Boundary Layer for Mass Transfer......Page 447 3.8. Nomenclature......Page 448 Further Reading......Page 450 4.1. Introduction......Page 452 4.2.2. Heat Transfer......Page 454 4.2.4. Viscosity......Page 455 4.2.5. Thermal Conductivity......Page 457 4.2.6. Diffusivity......Page 458 4.3. Eddy Transfer......Page 459 4.3.1. The Nature of Turbulent Flow......Page 460 4.3.2. Mixing Length and Eddy Kinematic Viscosity......Page 462 4.4. Universal Velocity Profile......Page 466 4.4.1. The Turbulent Core......Page 467 4.4.4. Velocity Profile for All Regions......Page 468 4.4.5. Velocity Gradients......Page 469 4.4.6. Laminar Sublayer and Buffer Layer Thicknesses......Page 470 4.4.7. Variation of Eddy Kinematic Viscosity......Page 471 4.4.8. Approximate Form of Velocity Profile in Turbulent Region......Page 473 4.4.9. Effect of Curvature of Pipe Wall on Shear Stress......Page 474 4.5. Friction Factor for a Smooth Pipe......Page 475 4.6. Effect of Surface Roughness on Shear Stress......Page 478 4.7. Simultaneous Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer......Page 480 4.7.1. Mass Transfer......Page 483 4.8.1. Simple Form of Analogy Between Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer......Page 484 4.8.2. Mass Transfer With Bulk Flow......Page 488 4.8.3. Taylor-Prandtl Modification of Reynolds Analogy for Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer......Page 490 4.8.4.1. Laminar sublayer (0