Corruption, Sustainable Development and Security Challenges in Africa: Prospects and Policy Implications for Peace and Stability (Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development)

This book sheds light on Africa’s development performance and dynamics arising from the interface between corruption and sustainable development on the one hand and the challenges that poses for peace, security and stability. Corruption also contributes to the spread of terrorism and violent extremism. Pervasive corruption networks often include politicians, civil servants working at all levels of state institutions, representatives of the private sector and members of crime syndicates. The consequences of corruption are detrimental in many aspects, such as undermining governments’ ability to serve public interests and eroding public trust in democratic processes. Presenting empirical evidence, the book explains why corruption and the looting of staggering amounts of national assets undermine the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and has a negative impact on peace, stability, security, the rule of law, gender equality, the environment and human rights. This makes the book a must-read for students, researchers and scholars of political science, international relations, and economics in general, as well as African studies, development studies, and security sector studies in particular, covering issues and themes on corruption, governance, socio-economic sustainable development, public administration and management, policing in an international context, police reform, and security sector reform. It will also serve as a helpful resource for policy-makers interested in a better understanding of the connection between corruption, sustainable development, and security challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa. Preface Contents About the Author Abbreviations, Terms and Acronyms List of Figures List of Tables Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Focus of the Book 1.2 Definition of Terms 1.2.1 Corruption 1.2.2 Sustainable Development 1.2.3 Security 1.3 Organization of the Book References Chapter 2: Africa at the Crossroads: Moonwalking in Slow Motion 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Africa at the Crossroads 2.3 Moonwalking in Slow Motion 2.4 Concluding Reflections References Chapter 3: Channels of Corruption in Africa: An Analytical Review and Assessment of Trends in Economic and Financial Crimes 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Corruption Channels in Africa: Trends and Extent of Economic and Financial Crimes 3.2.1 Embezzlement and Theft 3.2.2 Bribes and Kickbacks 3.2.3 Money Laundering and Other Illicit Financial Flows 3.2.4 State Capture 3.3 Summary Analysis 3.4 Conclusion References Chapter 4: Revisiting the Corruption and Sustainable Development Nexus in Africa 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Corruption and Sustainable Development: Literature Review and Analysis 4.3 The Corruption and Sustainable Development Nexus in Africa 4.3.1 The Corruption Indicators 4.3.1.1 The Corruption Perceptions Index 4.3.1.2 The Control of Corruption Indicator in the Worldwide Governance Indicators 4.3.2 The Development Indicators 4.3.2.1 Poverty Rates 4.3.2.2 GDP per Capita 4.3.2.3 Public Debt 4.3.3 The Contemporary Evidence 4.3.3.1 Corruption and Poverty 4.3.3.2 Corruption and GDP Growth 4.3.3.3 Corruption and Public Debt 4.4 Policy Implications and Conclusion 4.4.1 Leadership and Anti-Corruption Institutions 4.4.2 Enhancing Asset Recovery 4.4.3 Emphasizing E-Government Implementation References Chapter 5: Police Corruption and Its Security Challenges in Africa: Kenya As a Country Case Study 5.1 Introduction 5.2 What Is Police Corruption? 5.3 The Nature and Extent of Police Corruption in Kenya and Across Africa 5.3.1 Perceptions of Police Corruption 5.3.2 The Bribery Menace 5.3.3 Criminality and Other Misconduct Abuses of Power 5.3.4 Recruitment for Sale 5.3.5 The Retention Vetting Realities 5.3.6 Super Cops: The Dirty Harry Syndrome 5.4 The Security Challenges of Police Corruption in Kenya and Across Africa 5.4.1 Contributor to Crime 5.4.2 Safe Haven for Terrorists and Radicalization Influences 5.4.3 Tourism Impact 5.5 Concluding Comments 5.5.1 Further Readings and Information on Police Corruption and Security Challenges in Africa References Chapter 6: Peace, Justice, and Inclusive Institutions: Overcoming Challenges to the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 16 in Africa and Beyond 6.1 Introduction 6.2 SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Inclusive Institutions 6.2.1 Why SDG 16 Matters to Sustainable Development and the Overall SDGs 6.3 Progress on SDG 16 and Its Impact Relationship to Other SDGs 6.4 Challenges to SDG 16 Progress and Implementation 6.4.1 Inadequate Capacity 6.4.2 Poor Data and Information 6.4.3 Inadequate Delivery Systems 6.4.4 Insufficient Financing 6.4.5 Lack of Political Will and Leadership 6.5 Overcoming the Challenges to SDG 16 Progress and Implementation 6.5.1 Capacity Development 6.5.2 Data and Information Sharing 6.5.3 Improved Delivery Systems 6.5.4 Meeting the Financing Requirements 6.5.5 Enhancing Political Will and Good Leadership 6.6 Concluding Comments References Chapter 7: Reducing Corruption and Bribery in Africa As a Target of the Sustainable Development Goals: Applying Indicators for Assessing Performance 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Assessing Corruption and Bribery Reduction in Africa As a Target of the SDGs 7.2.1 Applying the Official Bribery/Corruption Indicators 7.2.2 Proposed Other Indicators 7.2.2.1 V-Dem Institute Indicators 7.2.2.2 The Ibrahim Index of African Governance Indicators 7.2.2.3 The ERCAS Index of Public Integrity 7.2.2.4 The ERCAS and CIPE Corruption Risk Forecast 7.2.2.5 Afrobarometer Survey Data on Corruption 7.3 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 8: Civilian Oversight for Democratic Policing and Its Challenges: Overcoming Obstacles for Improved Police Accountability and Better Security in Africa and Beyond 8.1 Introduction 8.2 What Is Civilian Oversight for Democratic Policing? 8.2.1 Extant Model Types of Civilian Oversight of the Police 8.2.1.1 Independent Investigation 8.2.1.2 Review 8.2.1.3 Appeals 8.2.1.4 Auditor/Monitor 8.2.1.5 Hybrid/Mixed 8.2.2 Benefits of Civilian Oversight of the Police: Accountability/Transparency/Independence 8.3 Key Challenges to Effective Civilian Oversight of the Police 8.3.1 Insufficient Political and Influential Leadership Support 8.3.2 Lack of Disciplining Authority 8.3.3 Inadequate Access to Documents and Information 8.3.4 Limited Budgetary Resources 8.4 Overcoming the Challenges to Civilian Oversight of the Police 8.4.1 Nestled in an Appropriate and Transparent Legal Framework 8.4.2 Sufficiently Funded 8.4.3 Fully Supported by the Political Leadership and Other National Governance Structures 8.4.4 Bestowed with the Necessary Investigative Powers to Coerce Police Cooperation 8.4.5 Adequately Staffed with the Requisite Personnel and Expertise to Fulfill Their Mandate 8.4.6 Operations Conducted Based on a Sound Strategic Plan 8.4.7 Robust Outreach Exercises Embraced and Implemented 8.5 Improved Police Accountability and Better Security Through Civilian Oversight for Democratic Policing: Final Summary Thoughts References Index Much Of The Literature On Police Corruption And Police Reforms Is Dominated By Case Studies Of Societies Classified As Developed. However, Under The Influence Of Globalization, Developing Societies Have Become A Focal Point Of Scholarly Interest And Examination. Police Corruption And Police Reforms In Developing Societies Provides Critical Analyses Of The Extent And Nature Of Police Corruption And Misconduct In Developing Societies. It Also Examines Police Reform Measures That Have Been Implemented Or Are Still Necessary To Control And Mitigate The Effects Of Police Corruption In Developing Societies. This Book Offers A Comprehensive And Authoritative Account Of The Causes And Consequences Of Police Corruption. It Also Relates Lessons Learned From Police Reform Efforts That Have Been Made In A Wide Cross Section Of Developing Societies Spanning Several Continents. The Book Is Divided Into Five Sections Covering: Theoretical And Analytical Perspectives On Police Corruption And Police Reforms, Including The Role Of The Rule Of Law And Training As A Reform Tool Case Studies On African Societies Case Studies On Societies In Asia And The Pacific Case Studies On Societies In Latin America And The Caribbean A Concluding Chapter Containing Thorough Summaries Of All Other Chapters For Quick Scanning And Reference Police Corruption And Police Reforms In Developing Societies Is A Significant Contribution To Shifting Attention From The Dominance Of Developed Societies In The Literature On Police Corruption And Police Reforms. It Also Bridges The Gap Between Research And Practice, With An Editor And Contributors Who Bring A Wealth Of Practical Experience To Their Analyses. Their Combined Efforts In This Book Provide New Insights On The Problem Of Police Corruption In Developing Societies As Well As Approaches And Challenges To Police Reforms. "Kenya is a country of geopolitical and economic importance in East Africa. It shares borders with unstable states such as Somalia and Sudan while being a hub for trade, communication, finance, and transportation across the region. Although relatively stable since its independence in 1963, the country still faces poverty, inequality, and corruption. In addition, the contested election of 2007 led to severe ethnic strife that tested its political stability, leading to a new constitution in 2010. This unique survey by a leading expert on the region provides a critical analysis of the socio-economic development in Kenya from a political economy perspective. It highlights Kenya's transition from being a centralized state to having a clear separation of powers and analyzes key issues such as economic growth, urbanization, corruption, and reform. The book identifies Kenya's key socio-development problems and offers solutions to improve both governance and economic performance, making it an essential resource to researchers, academics, and policy makers working on development issues and African politics."--Bloomsbury Publishing. Annotation This volume analyzes the corruption phenomenon in Africa and how to combat it from a governance perspective with illustrated case studies from three of the most corrupt of those nations covering, respectively, the Southern Africa region (Swaziland); the Eastern Africa region (Kenya); and the Western Africa region (Nigeria). Drawing on the available data, research literature, and field practice experience, the nature and extent of corruption are identified; the factors influencing the causes and determining the consequences of corruption are delineated; measures that have been put in place to control corruption are outlined and discussed; and new policy solutions are proposed and advocated to more effectively control the corruption menace in Africa This book provides critical analyses of the extent and nature of police corruption and misconduct in developing societies. It examines police reform measures that have been implemented or are still necessary to control and mitigate police corruption, relating lessons learned from police reform efforts in Africa, Asia, the Pacific, Latin A Economic performance and socio-economic trends Urbanization and urban growth The informal economy Corruption and development Decentralization and local governance Public sector management and reform Sustaining growth and development: some aspects of policy Bringing in the future: beyond 2012. Kenya is a country of geopolitical and economic importance in East Africa. This critical analysis of sustainable development in post-independence Kenya offers a comprehensive policy framework within the context of the opportunities provided by the 2010 constitution.