Corporate Social Responsibility in Rising Economies: Fundamentals, Approaches and Case Studies (CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance)

Emerging economies arguably have different socio-fiscal dynamics compared to developed economies. On one side they have the need for corporate interventions in national development, on the other hand, they do not have enough research to support the agenda. In recent times there has been a conscious effort to legislate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in some of these countries in order to bring about sustainable development. Yet, it is this legislation, which is debated among many others. This book provides its readers with a comprehensive interpretation of the various CSR perspectives in emerging economies through academic research and case studies from practice. It not only points out the challenges, the debates, but also the dynamics of implementation and the impact of such CSR spent. This book therefore is targeted both towards academics as well as practitioners in an attempt to bring about an active academic-industry interface as CSR as a management function is part of dynamic social science. Preface and Acknowledgement 9 Contents 11 Editors and Contributors 13 Abbreviations 23 List of Figures 27 List of Tables 29 The Future of the UN Sustainable Development Goals: Business Perspectives for Global Development in 2030 31 1 Introduction 31 2 A Lesson from the Virus 32 3 Analyze, Restructure, Relaunch 32 3.1 Expecting the Unexpected vs. Neglecting the Predicted 34 3.2 True Cost 34 3.2.1 Airlines 34 3.2.2 Cruise Ships 36 3.2.3 Our Relationship with Other Species 37 4 Businesses of the Future 39 5 Final Words 40 Part I: Fundamentals and Approaches 42 Responsible Food Supply Chain Management: Cases of Irresponsible Behaviour and Food Fraud 43 1 Introduction 44 2 Responsible Supply Chain Management 46 3 A Theoretical Lens: The Stakeholder Theory 48 4 Why RSCM? 49 5 Responsibility Within the Food Supply Chain 50 5.1 A Conceptual Solution 51 5.1.1 Responsible Confined Sourcing (RCS) 51 5.1.2 Transparent and Collaborative Supply Chain Management (TandC) 52 5.1.3 Sustainable Practices Through Efficient Resource Utilisation (SP) 52 5.1.4 Adherence to Standards and Shared Values (ASV) 53 6 Cases of Irresponsible Behaviour in the Food Supply Chain 53 6.1 Food Fraud: The Case of Manuka Honey and Adulterated Milk 53 6.2 Slavery in Food Supply Chains 54 7 A Note to the Manager 56 References 56 The Role of Meaningful Work in the Context of Startup Events and Entrepreneurial Activities 59 1 Introduction 60 2 Job Motivation and Meaningful Work 60 2.1 Meaning as a Construct 61 2.2 Meaningfulness in Work 62 2.3 Measuring Meaningful Work 63 2.4 Finding Meaning Outside of Work 64 3 Background of Empirical Study 65 4 Study Methodology 66 4.1 Sample Characteristics 67 5 Results 69 5.1 Differences in Perceived Meaning 69 5.2 Leaving Work and Starting a Business 70 5.3 Interest in Entrepreneurship Events 71 6 Discussion and Limitations 72 7 Conclusions 73 Annexure 1 74 Sample Questions from the Questionnaire 74 References 76 Corporate Social Responsibility in the Education Sector in Rising Economies 79 1 Introduction 80 2 Methodology 81 3 Developments in EDU-CSR 81 3.1 Global Overview 81 3.2 CSR Traditions 82 3.2.1 Primacy of Education in CSR Traditions 82 4 Bellwether Effect of EduCSR 83 5 Global Leadership in EduCSR 84 6 Global Gaps in EduCSR 84 7 The EDU-CSR Challenge 85 7.1 The Case of Kenya 85 7.2 The Case of Uganda 86 7.3 The Case of India: The Missed Opportunity 87 7.4 The Case of Vietnam 88 8 Impact of CSR Funding in Education: Catalysing the Value Chain 89 8.1 Identifying the Elements of the Progression Pathway and Value Chain 90 8.2 The Mapping 95 9 Conclusions 95 References 95 Part II: Country-Specific Studies 98 Small Size, Bigger Impact: Do SMEs Care About Social Responsibility In Pakistan? 99 1 Background 99 2 SMEs ́ Workings Conditions in Developing Countries 101 3 Challenges for SMEs and Where Does Pakistan Stand? 102 3.1 Contextual Factors 104 3.2 Social Responsibility and SMEs 105 4 A Review of Social Responsibility Practices Among SMEs: From Developed to Developing Countries 106 5 Social Responsibility Among SMEs in Pakistan 108 6 Conclusions 110 References 111 CSR Evolution in the Garment Sector of Bangladesh: The Challenges of Sustainability 116 1 Introduction 117 2 A Contextual Historical Analysis of the RMG Sector of Bangladesh from a CSR Perspective 118 3 Main CSR Developments on the Demand Side 124 4 Main CSR Developments on the Supply Side 127 5 Conclusions 132 References 133 CSR Regulation, Ethical Obligation, and Legitimacy: A Study of Indian and Other Asia Pacific Banks 136 1 Introduction 137 1.1 Importance of CSR for Banks 138 2 The Case for Legislation 139 3 The Evolution of CSR 140 4 Methodology 141 5 Results and Discussion 142 5.1 Disclosure Index Scores 142 5.2 CSR Spending in Pre-2013 and Post-2013 Period 143 5.3 Sector-Wise Spending by Indian Banks After 2013 144 5.4 Quality of Reporting 145 5.5 Legislative Compliance and Society 147 6 Implications 150 7 Conclusion 151 Annexure 1: Sample Bank Characteristics as at April 2019 152 Annexure 2: CSR Disclosure Assessment Framework: Disclosure Indicators in Each Main Grouping 153 Annexure 3: Change of Language in Reporting Media Over Time in Indian Banks (Changes Are Underlined) 155 References 163 Corporate Social Responsibility in Rising Economies: Georgia 166 1 Introduction 167 1.1 The Concept of Emerging Economies and CSR 167 1.2 Significance and Perspectives of CSR in the Context of Emerging Economies 167 1.3 Scope and Goals of this Research Paper 168 2 Georgia: Background and Current Situation 170 2.1 Current Political and Economic Framework 170 2.2 CSR Development in Georgia 171 2.3 CSR Challenges in Georgia 172 2.4 Cultural Specifications of Georgia 173 3 CSR in Georgia 175 3.1 Legal Framework for CSR 175 3.2 Society and NGOs 178 3.3 Multinational Enterprises (MNES) 180 3.4 Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES) 182 4 Conclusion 184 References 184 Poland: CSR in an Emerging Market from Transition Until Today 187 1 Introduction 187 2 Corporate Social Responsibility 189 3 CSR in Poland 190 3.1 Historical Development of CSR in Poland 190 3.2 Sector Analysis 192 4 Conclusions 197 References 198 CSR in Brazil 205 1 Introduction 206 2 Recent Developments Concerning CSR in Brazil 206 2.1 Improper Mining Activities and Deforestation 206 2.2 Corruption 209 3 Corporate Social Responsibility 210 3.1 Definition 210 3.2 Environment and Environment Protection 213 3.3 Corruption and Corporate Compliance 215 4 Conclusion 219 4.1 CSR in Brazil: Quo Vadis? 219 4.2 CSR in Brazil: Esperanca! 220 References 221 Understanding Integrated Reporting: A Study of Selected Companies in India 225 1 Introduction 226 2 Literature Review 226 3 Indian Perspective 231 4 Objectives 231 5 Methodology 232 5.1 Data Source and Study Design 232 5.2 Selection of Companies 233 5.3 Method 233 6 Results and Discussions 234 7 Conclusions 235 8 Future Research and Limitations 237 Annexure 1 237 Annexure 2 238 References 250 Part III: Book Review 253 Book Review: Corporate Social Responsibility in India: Cases and Developments After the Legal Mandate 254 References 257