Corporate Approaches to Sustainable Development: International Experiences and Insights (Science for Sustainable Societies)

This book aims to answer the question: how can the industry action international approaches to corporate sustainability, ultimately achieving sustainable development and overall sustainability? With this question in mind, this manuscript examines how the industry, through existing approaches to corporate sustainability, contribute to addressing conflicting demands emerging from the achievement of sustainable development in a responsible, sustainable and innovative manner. It also reviews alternative models of corporate sustainability that contribute to achieving inclusive, sustainable development globally. Chapters 2 to 4 discuss emerging approaches to corporate sustainability. Chapters 5 to 11 examine the role that the extractive industry (mining and oil) could play in the delivery of sustainable solutions for the communities and environment in selected cases, in the Americas and Africa. Lastly, the manuscript showcases international corporate sustainability and climate change practices in the forestry, agriculture, tourism and manufacturing industries within the context of Asia and The Pacific region, particularly, Nepal and Bangladesh. Preface Contents About the Editor Chapter 1: Introduction References Chapter 2: Policy Responses to COVID-19- Climate Finance and Carbon Markets 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Climate Finance 2.2.1 What Is Climate Finance? 2.2.2 Agreements, Funds and Enablers 2.2.2.1 Global Environment Facility (GEF) 2.2.2.2 Green Climate Fund (GCF) 2.2.2.3 Special Funds 2.2.2.4 Adaptation Fund (AF) 2.2.2.5 Standing Committee on Finance 2.2.2.6 Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosure (TCFD) 2.3 Carbon Markets 2.3.1 Types of Market-Based Instruments 2.3.1.1 Regulatory 2.3.1.2 Regulatory and Voluntary 2.4 Case Studies 2.4.1 Governments 2.4.1.1 DFAT 2.4.1.2 Indonesia 2.4.2 Large Enterprises and Banks 2.4.2.1 Orica 2.4.2.2 BHP 2.4.2.3 Newcrest 2.4.2.4 Santos 2.4.2.5 National Australia Bank (NAB) 2.4.2.6 Singapore DBS 2.4.2.7 The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) 2.4.2.8 HSBC 2.4.3 SMEs 2.4.3.1 GreenCollar 2.4.3.2 EcoCred 2.5 Conclusion 2.5.1 Governments 2.5.1.1 Governance and Regulatory Barriers 2.5.1.2 Capacity Building 2.5.2 Banks, Large Enterprises and SMEs 2.5.2.1 Technology 2.5.2.2 Financial Projects References Chapter 3: Corporate Purpose: An Emerging Approach to Corporate Sustainability 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Literature Review 3.2.1 Research Insights and Corporate Purpose Drivers 3.2.2 Definition and Dimensions of Corporate Purpose 3.2.3 Regulatory-Oriented Approach to Purpose 3.2.4 Business-Oriented Approach to Purpose 3.2.5 Leadership Approaches: Organisational Culture and Sense of Purpose 3.3 Conclusion References Chapter 4: An Overview of Sustainable Finance: Linkages with the Sustainable Development Goals 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Sustainable Finance Within the Framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4.3 Theoretical Models and Framework for Sustainable Finance 4.3.1 General Finance Model (Fullwiler) 4.3.2 Blended Values Theory (Emerson) 4.3.3 Shareholders vs Stakeholders 4.4 Present Models for Sustainable Investment 4.5 Insufficiencies in Data, Metrics, and Methodology 4.6 Conclusion References Chapter 5: The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Sustainable Mining: Exploring Mining Impacts of the Kansanshi Mine i... 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Sustainability in the Mining Sector 5.1.2 Impacts of Mining on Communities 5.1.3 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) 5.2 Methodology 5.3 Discussion 5.3.1 Displacements of People 5.3.2 Employment and Income Generation 5.3.3 Local Economic Spillovers 5.3.4 Conservation Farming 5.3.5 Health and Sanitation 5.3.6 Education 5.3.7 The Needs of the Community Around the Kansanshi Mine 5.4 Conclusions 5.4.1 The Impact of Mining Activities on Communities 5.4.2 Kansanshi Mine: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Strategies 5.4.3 The Prominent Needs of the Communities Surrounding the Kansanshi Mine 5.4.4 Recommendations References Chapter 6: Zambia ́s Mining Industry: A Closer Look at the Corporate Approaches to Sustainable Development of Konkola and Mopan... 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Transnational Corporations and Mining 6.3 The Role of Mining in Achieving Sustainable Development 6.4 Sustainable Development Guiding Standards for Mining Companies 6.5 The Contribution of Mining to the Zambian Economy 6.6 Methodology 6.7 Discussion 6.7.1 Konkola Copper Mine (KCM) 6.7.1.1 Health 6.7.1.2 Education 6.7.2 Mopani Copper Mine (MCM) 6.7.2.1 Health 6.7.2.2 Education 6.8 Corporate Approaches in Relation to International Standards 6.9 Conclusions References Chapter 7: Legislating Corporate Sustainable Development Agreements as a Corporate Social Responsibility Response for Mining C... 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Research Design and Methodology 7.3 Literature Review 7.4 Discussion 7.4.1 Sustainable Development Gaps in Zambia ́s Mining Regime 7.4.2 Unsustainable Closure of Kabwe Lead-Zinc Mine 7.4.3 Gaps in the Legal and Regulatory Regime in Mining 7.4.4 Addressing Sustainability Gaps in Mine Closure in Zambia 7.5 Conclusion and Recommendations References Chapter 8: A Corporate Roadmap to Sustainable Resource Governance in Africa: Insights from the Mining and Oil Industries in An... 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Methodology 8.2.1 Methods and Techniques 8.3 Discussion 8.3.1 Global Governance 8.3.2 Regional Governance: African Mining Vision 8.4 National Governance: Extractive Industry in Angola 8.5 Angola: A Corporate Roadmap to Sustainable Resource Development 8.6 Capacity-Building Gaps and Policy Alignment with the African Mining Vision 8.6.1 Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining 8.6.2 Research and Development 8.6.3 Geological Information Systems 8.6.4 Economic Diversification 8.6.5 Social and Environmental Affairs 8.6.6 Taxation and Investment 8.6.7 Human Capital Development 8.6.8 Governance 8.7 Conclusions References Chapter 9: Study of Conflicts for Water in the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework: The Role of the Mining Industry in Cajamarca... 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Methodology 9.3 Sustainable Livelihood Framework 9.4 Discussion 9.4.1 Impact on Water Use and Quality by AngloGold Ashanti 9.4.2 Public and Private Investments for Conflict Resolution and Sustainable Water Conservation and Use 9.4.3 Suspension and Resumption of AGA Mining Activities 9.4.4 Structures and Processes of SLF for the Case Study 9.4.5 Priority Sustainable Development Goals for Communities Adjacent to the Mining Project 9.4.5.1 Relationships Between the Vulnerability Context and the SDP Pentagon 9.4.5.2 Relationship Between Processes and Structures 9.4.5.3 Relationship Between Structures/Processes and Vulnerability Context 9.4.5.4 Relationship Between Structure/Processes and the SDP Pentagon 9.4.6 Sustainable Livelihood Strategies 9.5 Conclusions and Recommendations References Chapter 10: Sustainable Communities in Resource Regions: Exploring the Case of the Mining Industry Resettlement in Colombia 10.1 Introduction 10.1.1 The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework 10.2 Context 10.2.1 Local Context 10.2.1.1 The Roche Community 10.2.2 Governance 10.2.2.1 Policy Analysis 10.2.2.2 Stakeholder Analysis 10.2.2.3 Community Assets 10.3 Conclusions References Chapter 11: Mining and Sustainable Development in Colombia 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Problem and Significance 11.3 Case Study 11.4 Discussion 11.5 Context 11.5.1 Global Context 11.5.2 Local Context 11.6 Governance 11.6.1 Policies 11.6.2 Local Level of Governance 11.6.3 Global Level of Governance 11.7 Governance Processes: Stakeholders Relations 11.8 Community Assets 11.8.1 Human Capital 11.8.2 Social Capital 11.8.3 Natural Capital 11.8.4 Physical Capital 11.8.5 Financial Capital 11.9 Conclusions References Chapter 12: Sustainable Forest Management: Community Forestry ́s Contribution to Build Climate-Resilient Communities in Nepal 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Literature Review 12.2.1 Climate Change and Forest Management 12.2.2 Forest-Based Climate Resilience 12.2.2.1 Climate Change Impacts and Community Forestry User Groups 12.3 Study Area and Methods 12.3.1 Study Sites 12.3.1.1 Kankali Community Forestry User Group 12.3.1.2 Chaturmukhi Community Forestry User Group 12.3.1.3 Ranikhola Community Forestry User Group 12.3.1.4 Chelibeti Community Forestry User Group 12.3.2 Methodology 12.4 Application and Analysis of Results 12.4.1 Climate Change Impacts 12.4.1.1 Impacts on Communities and Livelihoods at HHs Level 12.4.1.2 Impacts on Forest Resources 12.4.2 Climate Adaptation and Mitigation Measures 12.4.2.1 Adaptations and Mitigation Measures Adopted by Local Communities for their Livelihoods at HHs Level 12.4.3 Adaptation and Mitigation Measures Adopted by CFUGs 12.4.3.1 Climate Resilience Indicators 12.5 Conclusion References Chapter 13: Ensuring Sustainable Post-Pandemic Tourism in Nepal: The Role of Corporate Agencies 13.1 Introduction 13.1.1 Importance of Sustainable Tourism Post-Pandemic 13.2 Methodology 13.3 Discussion 13.3.1 Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism in Nepal 13.3.2 Response to COVID-19 by Corporates 13.3.3 Future Endeavors for Post-pandemic Sustainable Tourism 13.4 Conclusions References Chapter 14: Adaptation Strategies Adopted by Indigenous Community for Sustainable Livelihood in Response to the Changing Clima... 14.1 Introduction 14.1.1 Climate Change and Indigenous People 14.1.2 Corporate Role toward Climate Change Adaptation Fostering Sustainable Livelihood 14.2 Literature Review 14.2.1 Adaptation of Indigenous People to Climate Change for Sustainable Livelihood 14.2.2 Role of Local Authorities and Corporates in Climate Change Adaptation in Nepal 14.3 Methodology 14.3.1 Data Collection 14.3.1.1 Primary Data Collection 14.3.1.2 Secondary Data Collection 14.3.1.3 Data Processing, Analyses, and Interpretation 14.4 Study Area 14.5 Results and Discussion 14.5.1 Lack of Climate Change Awareness in Lukla 14.5.2 Need of Concrete Plans for Future Adaptation Options in the Region 14.5.2.1 Role of the Local Authorities 14.5.2.2 Role of Tourism Sector 14.5.2.3 Role of Agriculture Sector 14.5.2.4 Role of Education Sector 14.6 Conclusion References Chapter 15: CSR Disclosure through the Principles of UN Global Compact in the Manufacturing Industry in Bangladesh: Evidence f... 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Regulatory and Institutional Framework 15.3 Theoretical Framework 15.3.1 Legitimacy Theory 15.3.2 Stakeholder Theory 15.4 Literature Review and Hypothesis Development 15.4.1 Board Size 15.4.2 Independent Director 15.4.3 Profitability 15.4.4 Corporate Size 15.4.5 Operating Risk Management 15.5 Research Method 15.5.1 Sample Selection 15.5.2 Content Analysis 15.5.3 Model Specification 15.6 Result of the Empirical Analysis 15.6.1 Descriptive Statistics 15.6.2 Correlation Matrix and Robustness Check 15.6.3 Regression Result 15.7 Conclusion The United Nations Global Compact ́s Ten Principles References Chapter 16: The Role of Managerial Efficiency, Human Capital, and Research and Development in Corporate Environmental Disclosu... 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Literature Review 16.2.1 Managerial Efficiency 16.2.2 Human Capital 16.2.3 Research and Development (RandD) 16.3 Methodology 16.3.1 Sample 16.3.2 Dependent Variables 16.3.3 Independent Variables 16.3.4 Control Variables 16.3.5 Model Projection 16.4 Discussion 16.4.1 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics 16.4.2 Regression Analysis 16.5 Conclusion References Chapter 17: Conclusions References