Coronaviruses: Volume 3

In this third year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic responsible for COVD-19 and related diseases worldwide, the scientific studies and reviews focused on this virus and its variants are still crucial. The third volume of the Coronaviruses series brings together some essential data regarding the origin, pathology and chemotherapeutic drugs to treat coronavirus infections. Contributions are written by experienced researchers with the goal of updating medical researchers and clinicians dealing with COVID-19 patients. It presents seven chapters covering a range of topics: (1) bat coronaviruses in the world, (2) hospital challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, (3) the pro-inflammatory and thrombotic manifestations and the therapeutic options of Covid-19, (4) the common and rare dermatologic manifestations registered in COVID-19 patients, (5) the circulating biomarkers of cardiopulmonary disturbances in COVID-19, and (6) the aspects of pathology and pathogenesis of coronavirus infection. Cover Title Copyright End User License Agreement Contents Preface List of Contributors Bat Coronaviruses in the World Karin Correa Scheffer1,*, Rene dos Santos Cunha Neto1, Willian de Oliveira Fahl1, Raphaela Mello Zamudio1, Marcela Mello Zamudio2, Karen Miyuki Asano1, Maria Eduarda Rodrigues Chierato1, Débora Fernanda Pavani Pedrozo1, Enio Mori1, Keila Iamamoto1, Micheli Cocchi1, Luciana Botelho Chaves1, Andréa de Cássia Rodrigues da Silva1 and Helena Beatriz de Carvalho Ruthner Batista1 INTRODUCTION CORONAVIRUSES IN BATS FROM NORTH AMERICA CORONAVIRUSES IN BATS FROM CENTRAL AMERICA CORONAVIRUSES IN BATS FROM SOUTH AMERICA CORONAVIRUSES IN BATS FROM EUROPE CORONAVIRUSES IN BATS FROM ÁFRICA CORONAVIRUSES IN BATS FROM ASIA CORONAVIRUSES IN BATS FROM OCEANIA BAT IMMUNE RESPONSE TO CORONAVIRUSES CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Hospital Challenges During the COVID-19 Pandemic Salman Zarka1,2,*, Ala Abu-Saleh1, Saher Srour1, Shimon Edelstein1, Karl Skorecki2, Kamal Abu-Jabal1 and Nashat Abu-Saleh1 INTRODUCTION TO CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19) NEW CHALLENGES POSED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC Providing Medical Services During COVID-19 Pandemic New Facilities for the New Medical Needs Regular Services for Non-COVID-19 Patients Hospital Manpower Challenges During COVID-19 Pandemic COVID-19 Infection Control and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Logistics Communication Morale The Hospital's Operating Mode CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Proinflammatory and Thrombotic Manifestations and the Therapeutic Options of COVID-19 Mradul Kumar Daga1,*, Siddharth Chand1, Naresh Kumar1, Govind Mawari1, R. V. Raghu1 and J. Aarthi1 INTRODUCTION PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY STATE IN COVID-19 Innate Immune Response to SARS CoV 2 Adaptive Immune Response by the Body PROTHROMBOTIC STATE Pathophysiology of Coagulopathy in COVID-19 THERAPIES AGAINST THE PROINFLAMMATORY STATE Convalescent Plasma (COPLA) from Patients Recovered from COVID-19 Steroids Tocilizumab Itolizumab Anakinra Other Anti-inflammatory Drugs MANAGEMENT OF THROMBOSIS ASH Guidelines [104] International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) Guidelines [106] Anticoagulation in Post-discharge Patients Fibrinolytics On-going Research CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Common and Rare Dermatologic Manifestations Registered in COVID-19 Patients Linda Mohammadzadeh Boukani1, Zohreh Mortezania2, Alireza Mohammadzadeh Shabestari3, Parisa Eshaghizadeh4, Seyyedeh Touran Hosseini5, Amin Daemi6,*, Yusuf Döğüş6 and Zafer Yönden6 INTRODUCTION COMMON AND RARE DERMATOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS Vesicles or Pustules (Pseudo-Chilblain) Urticarial Lesions Maculopapular Eruptions Livedo or Necrosis RARE MANIFESTATIONS Enanthem or Purpuric Flexural Lesions Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR COVID-19 SKIN INFECTIONS DISCUSSION CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Circulating Biomarkers of Cardiopulmonary Disturbances in COVID-19 Amin Daemi1,*, Alireza Mohammadzadeh Shabestari2, Nahid Mirzaei Tirabadi3, Seyyedeh Touran Hosseini4, Mohammad Fathi5, Yusuf Döğüş1 and Zafer Yönden1 INTRODUCTION HEMATOLOGICAL BIOMARKERS CARDIAC BIOMARKERS Galectin-3 COVID-19 AND CARDIAC BIOMARKERS Cardiac Troponins (TNS) Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) Endotheliopathy D-dimer Post-treatment Changes in Biomarkers NEW EMERGING BIOMARKERS Changes in Cardiovascular Biomarkers During Follow-up Post-treatment Inflammatory Response and Myocardial Involvement CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Some Aspects of Pathology and Pathogenesis of Coronavirus Infection V.A. Zinserling1,2,*, N.Yu. Semenova1,2 and L.A. Murashova1 INTRODUCTION MATERIAL AND METHODS RESULTS OF OWN STUDIES IN MEN SOME ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSIS FORMULATION PATHOLOGY OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION IN CATS CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Subject Index Back Cover