Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreaks, Vaccination, Politics and Society : The Continuing Challenge

This books comprises of 24 chapters by experts from developed and developing countries. The book cover Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Fiji, France, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, the UK and England, USA, West Africa, and Zambia. FOREWORD by David J. Hunter, Emeritus Professor, Newcastle University, the UK. Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Contents About the Editor Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreaks, Vaccination, Politics and Society: The Continuing Challenge Introduction Global Perspectives on COVID-19 Pandemics Scenario COVID-19 Scenario 2021–2022 When COVID-19 Ends: Focus on Selected Regions USA East Asian Region Resurgence in Hong Kong Japan Australia England European Countries Canada South Africa Indonesia Malaysia Bangladesh Latin America and the Caribbean Nations: COVID-19 in the 2022 The Cost of an Unequal World Omicron—From Pandemic to Endemic The Book Throws Light on the Following Aspects in Both Developed and Developing Countries COVID-19 versus Non-COVID-19 Diseases Conclusion References Australasia Underpromise and Overdeliver: The Failure of Political Rhetoric in Managing COVID-19 in Australia Introduction A Public–Private Federation The Outsourcing of the Public Let It Rip References COVID-19 and Culture in Papua New Guinea. Failing to Meet the Challenges of Diversity? Introduction COVID-19 Arrives in Melanesia The Complexities of Culture Threats to Livelihoods No Niupela Pasin References COVID-19 in Fiji—From Health and Economic to Major Political Crisis Introduction Fiji’s Second Wave—A Severe Health Disaster Vaccination Campaign in Fiji as Major COVID-19 Containment Strategy No Jab—No Job Policy from the Perspective of Human Rights Economic Challenges of COVID-19—Second Wave Political Enmeshment and COVID-19 Conclusion References COVID-19 Vaccination Trends and Public Views and Responses in Japan Introduction Trends in Infectious Cases and the Response in Japan The Japanese government’s Vaccination Policy Vaccination Influence and Hidden Causal Effects in Japan People’s Perceptions of and Behaviours During the Pandemic and to the COVID-19 Vaccination Factor X: Convergence Factors on COVID-19 Cases Discussion References Analysis of 2021 COVID-19 Outbreak and Vaccination in Taiwan Using a Causal Loop Diagram Approach Introduction Methods Data Source and Synthesis Causal Loop Diagramming The Outbreak of COVID-19 in Taiwan During 2021 Time Course of the COVID-19 Outbreak Spatial Distribution Characteristics The COVID-19 Outbreak Onset Outbreak and Immunization Through Causal Loop Diagram Outbreak Prevention Loop (B1) Outbreak Response Loop (B2) Vaccine Hesitancy Vaccine Supply Outbreak Loop (R1) Morbidity and Mortality Medical Care Systems and Resources Conclusion References Lessons from COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout in Hong Kong and South Korea Introduction COVID-19 Vaccination in Hong Kong and South Korea Vaccine Rollout in Hong Kong Vaccine Rollout in South Korea Latest Updates on COVID-19 Vaccination Lessons from the Vaccine Rollout in Hong Kong and South Korea HK: Strict Interventions with Few Incentives South Korea: From a Late Start to a Highest Vaccination Rate Concluding Remarks References Distribution and Allocation of Vaccines Against COVID-19 and Vaccination Communication in Thailand Introduction Methods Impacts of Thailand’s Third COVID-19 Wave Trends in COVID-19 Cases Total COVID-19 Cases Per 1000 Population by Province COVID-19 Death Trends Impact of COVID-19 on Other Diseases and Health Services Dengue Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV Services COVID-19 Vaccine COVID-19 Vaccine Allocation COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution COVID-19 Vaccination Communication Conclusion References Resurgence COVID-19 in Indonesia: Response to the Critical Waves of Pandemic Current Situation of COVID-19 in Indonesia Social and Cultural Impacts Indonesia Response and Challenges Vaccination Program (Progress and Distribution) Indonesia Strategy to Enter the Endemic Stage COVID-19 References The Coronavirus Disease and Vaccine Epidemiology in Malaysia Introduction COVID-19 Scenario and Prevalence in Malaysia General Impact of COVID-19 in Malaysia COVID-19 Coping Mechanisms in Malaysia: Prevention and Control Measures COVID-19 Vaccination Programme in Malaysia Current Vaccine Coverage and Its Efficacy in Malaysia A State of Art of COVID-19 Vaccination Programme (Program Imunisasi COVID-19 Kebangsaan—PICK) in Malaysia COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Barriers in Malaysia Recommendations for COVID-19 Immunization Programme in Malaysia Enhancement of COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Among the Malaysians Social Innovation and Community Responses to COVID-19 Behaviour Change Conclusion References COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A Spatio-temporal and Gender Analysis Introduction Aims and Objectives Data and Methodology Spatio-temporal Aspects of COVID-19 Cases Gender Aspect of COVID-19 Distribution of COVID-19 Vaccination COVID-19 Situation in Bangladesh in Respect to South Asian Countries COVID-19 Management in Bangladesh and Infodemic Summary and Conclusion References Crowded Out: The Pandemic’s Toll on Non-COVID Patients in India Introduction The Indian Experience Impact During the First Wave Impact During the Second Wave Impact During the Current Wave Global Experiences Conclusion—Lessons for Health Systems References Africa COVID-19: Work, Economic Activity and the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Infection in South Africa Introduction COVID-19: The South African Context Materials and Methods Research Setting Data Sources Measures Statistical Data Analysis and Procedures Results Discussion Strengths and Limitations of the Study Policy Implications References Analysing the Dual Nature of Responses to COVID-19 in Lusaka City Introduction Theoretical Framing The Zambian Situation Responses to COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy COVID-19 and the City, Exposing Duality in Daily Life COVID-19 and the Retail Sector COVID-19 and Employment in the City COVID-19 and Mobility in the City COVID-19 and the Future of Urban Development Conclusion References COVID-19 Patterns and Waves in West Africa: A Geographical Perspective Introduction Conceptual Clarifications Pattern of COVID-19 in West Africa Explanatory Factors COVID-19 Vaccinations and Protocols in West Africa Nigeria: The Epicenter in the Sub-Region COVID-19 Vaccination Situation in Nigeria Conclusion References Europe Current Development and Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy Introduction National Epidemiological Situation Updated on 13 January 2021 The National Epidemiological Situation Updated on the End of January 2022 The Sustainability of Health Facilities The Socio-Economic Consequences of the Pandemic Conclusion References The Pandemic in France Reveals the Vulnerability of Society A 2020–2021: Two Years Driven by the Virus, Master of the Clocks I Table of the Course of the Epidemic The 6 Waves of the Pandemic II These Different Waves Have Different Characteristics The Second and Third Waves A Better Understanding of the Virus and the Disease More Flexible Forms of Lockdown in the Second and Third Waves The End of the EPHAD (Nursing Home) Drama The Vaccine Strategy Implemented The Fourth Wave The Fifth Wave The Sixth Wave Who Are the People Called “Anti-vax” or Refuseniks? B What Lessons Can Be Drawn in Order to Live with the Virus? Health at the Heart of Public Policy and the Environment at the Heart of Health Policy I How Has the Virus Transformed the Economy? Government Goes into Debt to Save Businesses and the Economy Has the Economic Recovery Increased Inequalities? II The Fear of Hospital Saturation Has Driven the Management of the Pandemic This Crisis Highlighted the Inorganization of the Health System The Pandemic Provided an Opportunity to Take a Critical Look at the Centralization of the French Health System III The Pandemic Provides an Opportunity to Reflect on the Link Between Science and Politics The Scientific Council The Fear of Bio-power IV Environmental Health and the Virus One Health Conclusion References Without Risk: A Social Analysis of the Vaccination Programme in England Introduction Vaccine Development and Supply Regulating COVID-19 Vaccines Prioritisation Order Vaccine Nationalism Vaccine Coverage Discussion References COVID-19 in the United Kingdom: How a Mixed Welfare Regime Has Responded to the Pandemic The UK in Global Context Deaths from COVID-19 The UK as a Welfare Regime COVID-19 and the ‘Fractured Society’ COVID-19 and Socio-economic Status COVID-19 and Ethnicity COVID-19, Ageism and Disablism Children and Young People Gender Dimensions Conclusion References Americas COVID-19 in Canada, Vaccination, and the Effects of the Pandemic on Healthcare Workers and the Healthcare System Overview of COVID-19 in Canada Vaccination Hospital Service and Treatment of Non-COVID-19 Conditions Surgeries and Procedures Admissions and Occupancy Pandemic Impacts on Healthcare Workers Studies and Surveys A Systematic Review of Stress in Healthcare Workers Conclusion References Geographic Patterns of COVID-19 Vaccination, Infection, and Mortality in the United States During Year Two of the Pandemic and the Influence of Political Orientation Introduction COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Waves in 2021 Geographic Variability in Infection, Death and Vaccination Rates Political Orientation and Interstate Geographic Variability in Vaccination, Infection, and Mortality Rates References COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy the United States Introduction Overview of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy by Age Group Myths and Misinformation About the COVID-19 Vaccine Mitigation Policies in the United States Conclusion References Vaccination in Mexico as a Political Strategy Introduction Vaccination in Mexico Relative to Other Countries Differences in Application of Vaccines Vaccination Strategy The Model in Mind Political Use of Vaccination State-Level Vaccination Changes in Vaccination Rates Across States The US Border GDP Per Capita Across States Political Use of the Vaccine State-Wise Rural Population Concluding Remarks References Collateral Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Services in Argentina Introduction Materials and Methods Results Other Pathologies Impact of the Pandemic on Mental Health Services Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Treatment of Infectious Diseases Other Tropical Diseases Vaccination in the Country Current Situation Regarding the Omicron Variant Conclusions References COVID-19 in Brazil: The Experience of Collecting Citizen Data in the City of Rio de Janeiro Introduction Urban Spaces of Favelas and the Pandemic Citizen Surveillance and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) as Tools for Epidemiological Analysis COVID-19 in Rural Areas and Remote Territories The Distribution of COVID-19 in Rio De Janeiro and Favela Territories Vaccination and the New Wave of the Omicron Conclusion References Conclusion and Suggestions Introduction What Can Be Done About Inequities? Environment and Virus-Borne Disease COVID-19 and Geoecology References Index The proposed book comprises 24 chapters by experts from developed and developing countries. The book cover Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Fiji, France, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, the UK and England, USA, West Africa, and Zambia. FOREWORD by David J. Hunter, Emeritus Professor, Newcastle University, the UK