Core Java Se 9 For The Impatient

**An Accessible Guide to the Java Language and Libraries** Modern Java introduces major enhancements that impact the core Java technologies and APIs at the heart of the Java platform. Many old Java idioms are no longer needed and new features such as modularization make you far more effective. However, navigating these changes can be challenging. __**Core Java® SE 9 for the Impatient, Second Edition,**__ is a complete yet concise guide that includes all the latest changes up to Java SE 9. Written by Cay S. Horstmann–author of the classic two-volume __Core Java__–this indispensable tutorial offers a faster, easier pathway for learning modern Java. Given Java SE 9’s size and the scope of its enhancements, there’s plenty to cover, but it’s presented in small chunks organized for quick access and easy understanding. Horstmann’s practical insights and sample code help you quickly take advantage of all that’s new, from Java SE 9’s long-awaited “Project Jigsaw” module system to the improvements first introduced in Java SE 8, including lambda expressions and streams. * Use modules to simplify the development of well-performing complex systems * Migrate applications to work with the modularized Java API and third-party modules * Test code as you create it with the new JShell Read-Eval-Print Loop (REPL) * Use lambda expressions to express actions more concisely * Streamline and optimize data management with today’s Streams API * Leverage modern concurrent programming based on cooperating tasks * Take advantage of a multitude of API improvements for working with collections, input/output, regular expressions, and processes Whether you’re just getting started with modern Java or you’re an experienced developer, this guide will help you write tomorrow’s most robust, efficient, and secure Java code. __Register your product at informit.com/register for convenient access to downloads, updates, and/or corrections as they become available.__ Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Page Contents Preface Acknowledgments About the Author Chapter 1. Fundamental Programming Structures 1.1 Our First Program 1.1.1 Dissecting the “Hello, World” Program 1.1.2 Compiling and Running a Java Program 1.1.3 Method Calls 1.1.4 JShell 1.2 Primitive Types 1.2.1 Signed Integer Types 1.2.2 Floating-Point Types 1.2.3 The char Type 1.2.4 The boolean Type 1.3 Variables 1.3.1 Variable Declarations 1.3.2 Names 1.3.3 Initialization 1.3.4 Constants 1.4 Arithmetic Operations 1.4.1 Assignment 1.4.2 Basic Arithmetic 1.4.3 Mathematical Methods 1.4.4 Number Type Conversions 1.4.5 Relational and Logical Operators 1.4.6 Big Numbers 1.5 Strings 1.5.1 Concatenation 1.5.2 Substrings 1.5.3 String Comparison 1.5.4 Converting Between Numbers and Strings 1.5.5 The String API 1.5.6 Code Points and Code Units 1.6 Input and Output 1.6.1 Reading Input 1.6.2 Formatted Output 1.7 Control Flow 1.7.1 Branches 1.7.2 Loops 1.7.3 Breaking and Continuing 1.7.4 Local Variable Scope 1.8 Arrays and Array Lists 1.8.1 Working with Arrays 1.8.2 Array Construction 1.8.3 Array Lists 1.8.4 Wrapper Classes for Primitive Types 1.8.5 The Enhanced for Loop 1.8.6 Copying Arrays and Array Lists 1.8.7 Array Algorithms 1.8.8 Command-Line Arguments 1.8.9 Multidimensional Arrays 1.9 Functional Decomposition 1.9.1 Declaring and Calling Static Methods 1.9.2 Array Parameters and Return Values 1.9.3 Variable Arguments Exercises Chapter 2. Object-Oriented Programming 2.1 Working with Objects 2.1.1 Accessor and Mutator Methods 2.1.2 Object References 2.2 Implementing Classes 2.2.1 Instance Variables 2.2.2 Method Headers 2.2.3 Method Bodies 2.2.4 Instance Method Invocations 2.2.5 The this Reference 2.2.6 Call by Value 2.3 Object Construction 2.3.1 Implementing Constructors 2.3.2 Overloading 2.3.3 Calling One Constructor from Another 2.3.4 Default Initialization 2.3.5 Instance Variable Initialization 2.3.6 Final Instance Variables 2.3.7 The Constructor with No Arguments 2.4 Static Variables and Methods 2.4.1 Static Variables 2.4.2 Static Constants 2.4.3 Static Initialization Blocks 2.4.4 Static Methods 2.4.5 Factory Methods 2.5 Packages 2.5.1 Package Declarations 2.5.2 The jar Command 2.5.3 The Class Path 2.5.4 Package Access 2.5.5 Importing Classes 2.5.6 Static Imports 2.6 Nested Classes 2.6.1 Static Nested Classes 2.6.2 Inner Classes 2.6.3 Special Syntax Rules for Inner Classes 2.7 Documentation Comments 2.7.1 Comment Insertion 2.7.2 Class Comments 2.7.3 Method Comments 2.7.4 Variable Comments 2.7.5 General Comments 2.7.6 Links 2.7.7 Package, Module, and Overview Comments 2.7.8 Comment Extraction Exercises Chapter 3. Interfaces and Lambda Expressions 3.1 Interfaces 3.1.1 Declaring an Interface 3.1.2 Implementing an Interface 3.1.3 Converting to an Interface Type 3.1.4 Casts and the instanceof Operator 3.1.5 Extending Interfaces 3.1.6 Implementing Multiple Interfaces 3.1.7 Constants 3.2 Static, Default, and Private Methods 3.2.1 Static Methods 3.2.2 Default Methods 3.2.3 Resolving Default Method Conflicts 3.2.4 Private Methods 3.3 Examples of Interfaces 3.3.1 The Comparable Interface 3.3.2 The Comparator Interface 3.3.3 The Runnable Interface 3.3.4 User Interface Callbacks 3.4 Lambda Expressions 3.4.1 The Syntax of Lambda Expressions 3.4.2 Functional Interfaces 3.5 Method and Constructor References 3.5.1 Method References 3.5.2 Constructor References 3.6 Processing Lambda Expressions 3.6.1 Implementing Deferred Execution 3.6.2 Choosing a Functional Interface 3.6.3 Implementing Your Own Functional Interfaces 3.7 Lambda Expressions and Variable Scope 3.7.1 Scope of a Lambda Expression 3.7.2 Accessing Variables from the Enclosing Scope 3.8 Higher-Order Functions 3.8.1 Methods that Return Functions 3.8.2 Methods That Modify Functions 3.8.3 Comparator Methods 3.9 Local and Anonymous Classes 3.9.1 Local Classes 3.9.2 Anonymous Classes Exercises Chapter 4. Inheritance and Reflection 4.1 Extending a Class 4.1.1 Super- and Subclasses 4.1.2 Defining and Inheriting Subclass Methods 4.1.3 Method Overriding 4.1.4 Subclass Construction 4.1.5 Superclass Assignments 4.1.6 Casts 4.1.7 Final Methods and Classes 4.1.8 Abstract Methods and Classes 4.1.9 Protected Access 4.1.10 Anonymous Subclasses 4.1.11 Inheritance and Default Methods 4.1.12 Method Expressions with super 4.2 Object: The Cosmic Superclass 4.2.1 The toString Method 4.2.2 The equals Method 4.2.3 The hashCode Method 4.2.4 Cloning Objects 4.3 Enumerations 4.3.1 Methods of Enumerations 4.3.2 Constructors, Methods, and Fields 4.3.3 Bodies of Instances 4.3.4 Static Members 4.3.5 Switching on an Enumeration 4.4 Runtime Type Information and Resources 4.4.1 The Class Class 4.4.2 Loading Resources 4.4.3 Class Loaders 4.4.4 The Context Class Loader 4.4.5 Service Loaders 4.5 Reflection 4.5.1 Enumerating Class Members 4.5.2 Inspecting Objects 4.5.3 Invoking Methods 4.5.4 Constructing Objects 4.5.5 JavaBeans 4.5.6 Working with Arrays 4.5.7 Proxies Exercises Chapter 5. Exceptions, Assertions, and Logging 5.1 Exception Handling 5.1.1 Throwing Exceptions 5.1.2 The Exception Hierarchy 5.1.3 Declaring Checked Exceptions 5.1.4 Catching Exceptions 5.1.5 The Try-with-Resources Statement 5.1.6 The finally Clause 5.1.7 Rethrowing and Chaining Exceptions 5.1.8 Uncaught Exceptions and the Stack Trace 5.1.9 The Objects.requireNonNull Method 5.2 Assertions 5.2.1 Using Assertions 5.2.2 Enabling and Disabling Assertions 5.3 Logging 5.3.1 Using Loggers 5.3.2 Loggers 5.3.3 Logging Levels 5.3.4 Other Logging Methods 5.3.5 Logging Configuration 5.3.6 Log Handlers 5.3.7 Filters and Formatters Exercises Chapter 6. Generic Programming 6.1 Generic Classes 6.2 Generic Methods 6.3 Type Bounds 6.4 Type Variance and Wildcards 6.4.1 Subtype Wildcards 6.4.2 Supertype Wildcards 6.4.3 Wildcards with Type Variables 6.4.4 Unbounded Wildcards 6.4.5 Wildcard Capture 6.5 Generics in the Java Virtual Machine 6.5.1 Type Erasure 6.5.2 Cast Insertion 6.5.3 Bridge Methods 6.6 Restrictions on Generics 6.6.1 No Primitive Type Arguments 6.6.2 At Runtime, All Types Are Raw 6.6.3 You Cannot Instantiate Type Variables 6.6.4 You Cannot Construct Arrays of Parameterized Types 6.6.5 Class Type Variables Are Not Valid in Static Contexts 6.6.6 Methods May Not Clash after Erasure 6.6.7 Exceptions and Generics 6.7 Reflection and Generics 6.7.1 The Class Class 6.7.2 Generic Type Information in the Virtual Machine Exercises Chapter 7. Collections 7.1 An Overview of the Collections Framework 7.2 Iterators 7.3 Sets 7.4 Maps 7.5 Other Collections 7.5.1 Properties 7.5.2 Bit Sets 7.5.3 Enumeration Sets and Maps 7.5.4 Stacks, Queues, Deques, and Priority Queues 7.5.5 Weak Hash Maps 7.6 Views 7.6.1 Small Collections 7.6.2 Ranges 7.6.3 Unmodifiable Views Exercises Chapter 8. Streams 8.1 From Iterating to Stream Operations 8.2 Stream Creation 8.3 The filter, map, and flatMap Methods 8.4 Extracting Substreams and Combining Streams 8.5 Other Stream Transformations 8.6 Simple Reductions 8.7 The Optional Type 8.7.1 How to Work with Optional Values 8.7.2 How Not to Work with Optional Values 8.7.3 Creating Optional Values 8.7.4 Composing Optional Value Functions with flatMap 8.7.5 Turning an Optional Into a Stream 8.8 Collecting Results 8.9 Collecting into Maps 8.10 Grouping and Partitioning 8.11 Downstream Collectors 8.12 Reduction Operations 8.13 Primitive Type Streams 8.14 Parallel Streams Exercises Chapter 9. Processing Input and Output 9.1 Input/Output Streams, Readers, and Writers 9.1.1 Obtaining Streams 9.1.2 Reading Bytes 9.1.3 Writing Bytes 9.1.4 Character Encodings 9.1.5 Text Input 9.1.6 Text Output 9.1.7 Reading and Writing Binary Data 9.1.8 Random-Access Files 9.1.9 Memory-Mapped Files 9.1.10 File Locking 9.2 Paths, Files, and Directories 9.2.1 Paths 9.2.2 Creating Files and Directories 9.2.3 Copying, Moving, and Deleting Files 9.2.4 Visiting Directory Entries 9.2.5 ZIP File Systems 9.3 HTTP Connections 9.3.1 The URLConnection and HttpURLConnection Classes 9.3.2 The HTTP Client API 9.4 Regular Expressions 9.4.1 The Regular Expression Syntax 9.4.2 Finding One Match 9.4.3 Finding All Matches 9.4.4 Groups 9.4.5 Splitting along Delimiters 9.4.6 Replacing Matches 9.4.7 Flags 9.5 Serialization 9.5.1 The Serializable Interface 9.5.2 Transient Instance Variables 9.5.3 The readObject and writeObject Methods 9.5.4 The readResolve and writeReplace Methods 9.5.5 Versioning Exercises Chapter 10. Concurrent Programming 10.1 Concurrent Tasks 10.1.1 Running Tasks 10.1.2 Futures 10.2 Asynchronous Computations 10.2.1 Completable Futures 10.2.2 Composing Completable Futures 10.2.3 Long-Running Tasks in User-Interface Callbacks 10.3 Thread Safety 10.3.1 Visibility 10.3.2 Race Conditions 10.3.3 Strategies for Safe Concurrency 10.3.4 Immutable Classes 10.4 Parallel Algorithms 10.4.1 Parallel Streams 10.4.2 Parallel Array Operations 10.5 Threadsafe Data Structures 10.5.1 Concurrent Hash Maps 10.5.2 Blocking Queues 10.5.3 Other Threadsafe Data Structures 10.6 Atomic Counters and Accumulators 10.7 Locks and Conditions 10.7.1 Locks 10.7.2 The synchronized Keyword 10.7.3 Waiting on Conditions 10.8 Threads 10.8.1 Starting a Thread 10.8.2 Thread Interruption 10.8.3 Thread-Local Variables 10.8.4 Miscellaneous Thread Properties 10.9 Processes 10.9.1 Building a Process 10.9.2 Running a Process 10.9.3 Process Handles Exercises Chapter 11. Annotations 11.1 Using Annotations 11.1.1 Annotation Elements 11.1.2 Multiple and Repeated Annotations 11.1.3 Annotating Declarations 11.1.4 Annotating Type Uses 11.1.5 Making Receivers Explicit 11.2 Defining Annotations 11.3 Standard Annotations 11.3.1 Annotations for Compilation 11.3.2 Annotations for Managing Resources 11.3.3 Meta-Annotations 11.4 Processing Annotations at Runtime 11.5 Source-Level Annotation Processing 11.5.1 Annotation Processors 11.5.2 The Language Model API 11.5.3 Using Annotations to Generate Source Code Exercises Chapter 12. The Date and Time API 12.1 The Time Line 12.2 Local Dates 12.3 Date Adjusters 12.4 Local Time 12.5 Zoned Time 12.6 Formatting and Parsing 12.7 Interoperating with Legacy Code Exercises Chapter 13. Internationalization 13.1 Locales 13.1.1 Specifying a Locale 13.1.2 The Default Locale 13.1.3 Display Names 13.2 Number Formats 13.3 Currencies 13.4 Date and Time Formatting 13.5 Collation and Normalization 13.6 Message Formatting 13.7 Resource Bundles 13.7.1 Organizing Resource Bundles 13.7.2 Bundle Classes 13.8 Character Encodings 13.9 Preferences Exercises Chapter 14. Compiling and Scripting 14.1 The Compiler API 14.1.1 Invoking the Compiler 14.1.2 Launching a Compilation Task 14.1.3 Reading Source Files from Memory 14.1.4 Writing Byte Codes to Memory 14.1.5 Capturing Diagnostics 14.2 The Scripting API 14.2.1 Getting a Scripting Engine 14.2.2 Bindings 14.2.3 Redirecting Input and Output 14.2.4 Calling Scripting Functions and Methods 14.2.5 Compiling a Script 14.3 The Nashorn Scripting Engine 14.3.1 Running Nashorn from the Command Line 14.3.2 Invoking Getters, Setters, and Overloaded Methods 14.3.3 Constructing Java Objects 14.3.4 Strings in JavaScript and Java 14.3.5 Numbers 14.3.6 Working with Arrays 14.3.7 Lists and Maps 14.3.8 Lambdas 14.3.9 Extending Java Classes and Implementing Java Interfaces 14.3.10 Exceptions 14.4 Shell Scripting with Nashorn 14.4.1 Executing Shell Commands 14.4.2 String Interpolation 14.4.3 Script Inputs Exercises Chapter 15. The Java Platform Module System 15.1 The Module Concept 15.2 Naming Modules 15.3 The Modular “Hello, World!” Program 15.4 Requiring Modules 15.5 Exporting Packages 15.6 Modules and Reflective Access 15.7 Modular JARs 15.8 Automatic Modules and the Unnamed Module 15.9 Command-Line Flags for Migration 15.10 Transitive and Static Requirements 15.11 Qualified Exporting and Opening 15.12 Service Loading 15.13 Tools for Working with Modules Exercises Index An Accessible Guide to the Java Language and Libraries Modern Java introduces major enhancements that impact the core Java technologies and APIs at the heart of the Java platform. Many old Java idioms are no longer needed and new features such as modularization make you far more effective. However, navigating these changes can be challenging. Core Java® SE 9 for the Impatient, Second Edition, is a complete yet concise guide that includes all the latest changes up to Java SE 9. Written by Cay S. Horstmann-author of the classic two-volume Core Java -this indispensable tutorial offers a faster, easier pathway for learning modern Java. Given Java SE 9's size and the scope of its enhancements, there's plenty to cover, but it's presented in small chunks organized for quick access and easy understanding. Horstmann's practical insights and sample code help you quickly take advantage of all that's new, from Java SE 9's long-awaited "Project Jigsaw" module system to the improvements first introduced in Java SE 8, including lambda expressions and streams. Use modules to simplify the development of well-performing complex systems Migrate applications to work with the modularized Java API and third-party modules Test code as you create it with the new JShell Read-Eval-Print Loop (REPL) Use lambda expressions to express actions more concisely Streamline and optimize data management with today's Streams API Leverage modern concurrent programming based on cooperating tasks Take advantage of a multitude of API improvements for working with collections, input/output, regular expressions, and processes Whether you're just getting started with modern Java or you're an experienced developer, this guide will help you write tomorrow's most robust, efficient, and secure Java code. Register your product at informit.com/register for convenient access to downloads, updates, and/or corrections as they become available "Readers familiar with Horstmann's original, two-volume "Core Java" books who are looking for a comprehensive, but condensed guide to all of the new features and functions of Java SE 9 will learn how these new features impact the language and core libraries. Instead of the meticulous detail that the much larger two-volume set provides, this condensed treatment focuses on practical examples and is presented in bite-sized chunks. As with Java 8, Modern Java idioms are no longer required and there is a much faster, easier pathway for learning Java. Horstmann quickly cuts to the chase without lecturing about the superiority of one paradigm over another or rehashing Java history. Given the size of the Java language and the scope of the new features introduced in Java 9, there is a great deal of new material to cover, but it is presented in small chunks organized so that you can quickly retrieve it when needed. This book covers all aspects of Java that a modern developer needs to know, including modularity, as well as the powerful lambda expressions that were introduced in Java 8. It will also tell you how to find out more about old-fashioned concepts that you might still see in legacy code, but won't dwell on them" --. Provided by publisher Readers familiar with Horstmann's original, two-volume "أمُْ تفف" قٱًُُ و ُفمْ ىًٌُُهَ ن ُْف كمٍُِْومٱَىم، قٰكلَُمٱَمل هىلم ُٰف ٌٌنُ وٰم مَنمفٰمْٱ فلَ نكَىٰٱَُ نُ تفف سإ ٩ ى ٌٌمٌف َْوُ وٰمٱم مَنمفٰمْٱ ىفٍِك ٰوٰم فٌهَفهم فلَ كمُْ ىٌقفْىْمٱ. ةٱَمٰفل نُ وٰم مٍىٰكٌُٱ لمفٰى ٌوٰف ٰوٰم ٍكو فٌهْم ْٰ-ٌُُمٍ ٱم ُِْٰىلمٱ، وٰىٱ كلَُمٱَمل مْٰفمٍٰ َٰنكُٱمٱ َُفِْكىٰكف ٌم٬فمٌٍِٱ فلَ ىٱ مِْٱممَٰل ى َقىمٰ-ٱى"مل كوٱًَ. ءٱ ىوٰ تفف ٨، حلُم َْتفف ىلىٱٍُ فمْ َُهٌَُم ْمّْىمْل فلَ وٰممْ ىٱ ف ٍكو نفٱمٰ،ْ مفٱىم ْفِوٰف" ن ُْمٌفىَْهَ تفف. بٱُْفٍٰ ََّىك"ًٌ كٱٰ ُٰوٰم كوفٱم ىوُٰ ٰمٌكٰىْهَ فقُ ٰوٰم ٱمِىْىُْ"ٰ نُ مَُ فِفْلىه ٍُم ْفوَُٰم ْ ُْمْوفٱوىهَ تفف وىٱ"ُْٰ. اىم َوٰم ٱى"م نُ وٰم تفف فٌهَفهم فلَ وٰم ٱكمُِ نُ وٰم مَنمفٰمْٱ ىلَُْٰكمل ى َتفف ٩، وٰممْ ىٱ ف همْف ٰلمف ٌنُ مَفٍمٰىْف ٌ ُٰكُم،ْ قٰى ٰىٱ مِْٱممَٰل ى َٱفٍ ٌٌكوٱًَ هُْفىَ"مل ٱ ُوٰف ٰ"ُ كف َّىك"ًٌ مْىْٰمم ى ٰوم َمَململ. شوىٱ ق ًُُكُمٱْ ف ٌٌفٱمِكٱٰ نُ تفف وٰف ٰف لٍُم َْلمممٌُِ ْمَملٱ ًَُُٰ، ىكٌَلىهَ لٍُفٌىْ"ٰ، فٱ م ٌٌفٱ وٰم ُِمنٌْفٌقٍلف م٬مِْٱٱىٱَُ وٰف ٰممْ ىلَُْٰكمل ى َتفف ٨. ة ٰى ٌٌفٱٌ ُمٰ ٌٌ"ُ وُ ُٰنىلَ ُ ٰمٍُْ فقُ ٰلٌُ-نفٱوىمَُل ككَُمٱِٰ وٰف ٰ"ُ ىٍهو ٰٱىٰ ٌٌٱمم ى َمٌهفك" كلُم، قٰ'َُ ٰلم ٌٌ َُوٰم.ٍ -- ذُْىلمل ق" ِقىٌٱوم.ْ Core Java 9 Cay S. Horstmann is a concise guide that includes all the latest changes up to Java SE 9 and 10. This training pairs with the recently released second edition of Core Java® SE 9 for the Impatient, which has been fully updated to cover Java SE 9. Horstmann’s practical insights and sample code help you quickly take advantage of all that’s new, from Java SE 9’s long-awaited “Project Jigsaw” module system to the improvements first introduced in Java SE 8, including lambda expressions and streams. The source code and presentation slides for this course can be found at: http://horstmann.com/javaimpatient/livelessons/#(1)