تکامل تعاونی: بازپس‌گیری دیدگاه داروین

Cooperative Evolution offers a fresh account of evolution consistent with Charles Darwin’s own account of a cooperative, inter-connected, buzzing and ever-changing world. Told in accessible language, treating evolutionary change as a cooperative enterprise brings some surprising shifts from the traditional emphasis on the dominance of competition. The book covers many evolutionary changes reconsidered as cooperation. These include the cooperative origins of life, evolution as a spiral rather than a ladder or tree, humans as a part of natural systems rather than the purpose, relationships between natural and social change, and the role of the individual in adaptive radiation onto new ground. The story concludes with a projection of human evolution from the past into the future. Cooperative Evolution offers a fresh account of evolution consistent with Charles Darwin’s own account of a cooperative, inter-connected, buzzing and ever-changing world. Told in accessible language, treating evolutionary change as a cooperative enterprise brings some surprising shifts from the traditional emphasis on the dominance of competition. This book provides a bridge between Darwin’s original work based on cooperation among all forms of life and the new knowledge that has been developed since. Reinterpretation of earlier propositions in the light of the later understanding, free from the social interpretations of Darwin’s own time, brings some fresh conclusions. The new story recognises that all our knowledge is metaphor, and that there has been a movement from drawing on science alone to include other sources of knowledge. This has allowed the consideration of social as well as biological evolution, and the more recent influence of epigenetics, stem cells and genetic manipulation. This broader perspective has allowed fresh accounts of how evolution works, how boundaries can become connections, how we became human, and what may happen next. Features of evolutionary change reconsidered as cooperation include the cooperative origins of life, evolution as a spiral rather than a ladder or tree, humans as a part of natural systems rather than the purpose, relationships between natural and social change, and the role of the individual in adaptive radiation onto new ground. The story concludes with a projection of human evolution from the past into the future. Acknowledgements 11 Glossary of Words and Phrases 13 Introduction 15 1. In Homage to Darwin 19 2. All Knowledge is Metaphor 31 3. Intelligent Evolution and Intelligence 45 4. How Evolution Works 69 5. The Past is a Foreign Country 89 6. We Do Things Differently Now 103 7. Energy: Where it all Begins 117 8. Everything is Connected 133 9. Walling In and Walling Out 147 10. Becoming Human 163 11. Inheriting the Earth 177 12. Our Closest Cousins 193 13. Glimpses of the Future 207 14. Weaving the Golden Net 225 Bibliography 239 Evolution;,Science;,Myth;,Cooperation Evolution,Science,Myth,Cooperation