Conversion of Electronic Waste in to Sustainable Products

This book gives an overview of electronic waste (e-waste) management and the latest technological aspects of recycling and disposal of obsolete electronic components while minimizing the environmental impact of toxic chemicals and heavy metals from e-waste. As electronics become more accessible worldwide, this effect generates up to 50 tonnes of e-waste that is only set to increase every year. The chapters in this book explore different strategies through recycling practices, green computing, and eco-friendly approach in handling e-waste through government policies to mitigate the growing side effects of e-waste. This book caters to researchers, policymakers, and industrial practitioners who are interested in more sustainable practices in e-waste management. Contents Design of a Proper Recycling Process for Small-Sized E-Waste 1 Introduction 2 Mobile Phones 3 LED Lamps 4 Computers 5 Electrical Wires and Cables 6 Final Remarks References Sustainable Bioprospecting of Electronic Waste via Omics-Aided Biometallurgy 1 Introduction 2 Global Distribution of E-waste 2.1 E-waste Scenario in West Africa 3 Composition and Nature of E-waste 3.1 Precious Metals 3.2 Rare Earth Elements (REE) 4 Biometallurgy 4.1 Approaches Adopted in Biometallurgy 4.2 The Biometallurgical Process 5 Bioprospecting of Metal Recovery Microorganisms Using Omics Technologies 5.1 Application of Omics in Studying Bioleaching Communities 5.2 Omics in Rewiring the Metabolic Pathways 6 Conclusion References Diverse Technological Initiatives for E-Waste Management and Its Impact on Ecosystem 1 Introduction 2 Categories of E-Waste 3 Existence Elements in E-Waste 4 Generation of E-Waste at Global Level 5 Recovering of Valuable Metals from E-Waste 6 Biotechnological Recycling of E-Wastes 7 Tokyo Olympic 2020 Medals Made from Electronic Scrap: An Initiative for an Innovative Future for All 8 Impacts of E-Waste on the Ecosystem 8.1 Atmospheric Environment 8.2 Terrestrial Environment 8.3 Aquatic Environment 9 Impacts of E-Waste on Human Health 10 E-Waste Management Rules 11 Approaches for Regulating of E-Waste 11.1 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 11.2 Material Flow Analysis (MFA) 11.3 Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) 11.4 Multi-criteria Analysis (MCA) 12 Biotechnological Approach of E-Waste Recycling and Business Opportunities 13 Conclusion References Persistent Toxic Substances Released from Uncontrolled E-waste Recycling and Action for the Future 1 Introduction 1.1 What is E-waste? 1.2 E-waste Challenges: A Global Scenario 1.3 The Role of Informal Sector in E-waste Recycling 2 Hazardous Substances Present in Electrical and Electronic Waste 3 Hazards Caused by Imprudent E-waste Management 3.1 Heavy Metals: Impact on Health and Environment 3.2 Hazards Caused by Dioxins on Human and Nature 3.3 Noxious Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Impact 3.4 Challenges and Opportunities in Substituting Toxicants in E-products 3.5 Action to Replace PVC and PBDE 4 Future Prospective References Overview of E-Waste Reverse Logistics: How to Promote the Return of Electronic Waste to the Production Chain 1 Introduction 2 Reverse Logistics System in the World 3 Reverse Logistics System in Brazil 4 Recycling and Processing of WEEE—Private Companies and Cooperatives 5 Final Remarks References E-Plastic Waste Use as Coarse-Aggregate in Concrete 1 Introduction to E-Plastic Wastes 2 E-Plastic Types, Composition, and Potential Reuses 2.1 Types and Composition of E-Plastics 2.2 E-Plastic Waste Application in Construction Industry 2.3 Preparation of E-Plastic Waste for Use in Concrete 3 Material Properties of E-Plastic Aggregates 3.1 Aggregate Crushing Value and Impact Value 3.2 Specific Gravity 3.3 Bulk Density 4 Properties of Concrete Containing E-Plastic Waste Aggregates 4.1 Physical and Mechanical Properties 4.2 Durability Properties of Concrete Containing E-Plastic Waste Aggregates 4.3 Thermal Properties of E-Plastic Concrete 5 Conclusion References Recycling of Mobile Phones: Case Study of the Lithium-Ion Cell Phone Batteries in Brazil 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Functional Unit 2.3 Process Flow 2.4 System Boundaries 2.5 Leaching LCA 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 General Composition of Batteries 3.2 Application of LCA to Chemical Reprocessing of Cell Phone Batteries 3.3 Assessment of Environmental Impacts in the Life Cycle 3.4 Potential Environmental Impacts of Acids on Acid Leaching 3.5 Potential Impacts on the Recovery of Cobalt and Lithium 3.6 Comparison of Potential Environmental Impacts 3.7 Sensitivity Analysis 4 Conclusions References A Bibliometric Approach to the Current State of the Art of Risks in E-waste Supply Chains 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 E-Waste Management 2.2 Supply Chain Challenges 2.3 Bibliometry 3 Methodology 3.1 Formulate Research Question 3.2 Database Selection 3.3 Search Terms Definition 3.4 Bibliometric Analysis 4 Results of Bibliometric Study 4.1 (RQ1) Which are the Leading Research Countries Considering E-waste Management? 4.2 (RQ2) Which are the Most Relevant Sources and Main Topics Covered by the Most Cited Papers? 4.3 (RQ3) Which are the Main Concepts Associated with E-waste Management? 4.4 (RQ4) Which are the Main Research Gaps Considering E-waste Management? 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References E-Waste Management Strategies Across Recycling Industry of Northern India: An Empirical Investigation 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Design 4 Results and Discussion 5 Results Discussion of the Findings 6 Correlation Analysis 7 Regression Analysis 8 Conclusions and Limitation References Circular E-Waste Supply Chains’ Critical Challenges: An Introduction and a Literature Review 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 E-Waste 2.2 Strategies for E-Waste Management 2.3 E-Waste Supply Chains 3 Methodology 3.1 Formulate Research Question 3.2 Database Selection 3.3 Search Terms Definition 3.4 Screening Process 4 The Constructs of a Circular WEEE Economy 4.1 Circular Economy 4.2 E-Waste Management 4.3 Closed-Loop Supply Chains 4.4 Supply Chain Resilience 4.5 Smart Cities 4.6 Integrated Framework 5 Discussion 5.1 Culture—Customers Must Contribute to the Process 5.2 Channel Integration—Omnichannel Approach 6 Conclusions References Sustainable Use of Plastic E-Waste with Added Value 1 Introduction 2 Case Study of Low-Margin High-Turnover Products: Outdoor Luminaries 3 Case Study of High-Margin Low-Turnover Products: Design Objects 4 Concluding Remarks References