Controlled Nucleosynthesis: Breakthroughs in Experiment and Theory (Fundamental Theories of Physics (156))

This book ushers in a new era of experimental and theoretical investigations into collective processes, structure formation, and self-organization of nuclear matter. It reports the results of experiments wherein for the first time the nuclei constituting our world (those displayed in Mendeleev's table as well as the super-heavy ones) have been artificially created. Pioneering breakthroughs are described, achieved at the "Proton-21" Laboratory, Kiev, Ukraine, in a variety of new physical and technological directions. A detailed description of the main experiments, their analyses, and the interpretation of copious experimental data are given, along with the methodology governing key measurements and the processing algorithms of the data that empirically confirm the occurrence of macroscopic self-organizing processes leading to the nuclear transformations of various materials. The basic concepts underlying the initiation of self-sustaining collective processes that result in the formation of nuclear structures are also examined. How to realize nucleosynthesis of stable nuclei in the laboratory? Why are metallic meteorites of iron or nickel-iron? Could the iron be nuclear fuel and could an iron star blow up as a supernova? And what could be the energy source of such an explosion? Is it possible to obtain nuclear energy from any terrestrial substance without producing radioactivity? Do super-heavy (Migdal's) nuclei exist, and is it possible to synthesize them in the laboratory? What physical mechanisms could one use to control nuclear transformations and particularly the sign of the overall energy balance involved? Answers to these and other intriguing questions are to be found in this book. __Audience:__University and research libraries, scientists and researchers, other professionals, lecturers, and graduate students Prehistory / S. V. Adamenko Self-organizing nucleosynthesis in superdense plasma / S. V. Adamenko Experimental setup / E. V. Bulyak and A. S. Adamenko Optical emission of a hot dot (HD) / V. F. Prokopenko, V. F., Gulyas, A. I. and I. V. Skikevich Measurements of x-ray emission of HD / V. F. Prokopenko ... [et al.] Registration of fast particles from the target explosion / A. A. Gurin and A. S. Adamenko Experiments on the neutralization of radioactivity / A. S. Adamenko Isotope and element compositions of target explosion products / S. S. Ponomarev ... [et al.] On the detection of superheavy elements in target explosion products / S. S. Ponomarev ... [et al.] Transuranium elements produced in the process of controlled collapse / S. V. Adamenko ... [et al.] Stability of electron-nucleus form of matter and methods of controlled collapse / S. V. Adamenko and V. I. Vysotskii Nuclear combustion and collective nucleosynthesis / S. V. Adamenko ... [et al.]. Capillary Forces in Microassembly discusses the use of capillary forces as a gripping principle in microscale assembly. Clearly written and well-organized, this text brings together physical concepts at the microscale with practical applications in micromanipulation. Throughout this work, the reader will find a review of the existing gripping principles, elements to model capillary forces as well as descriptions of the simulation and experimental test bench developed to study the design parameters. Using well-known concepts from surface science (such as surface tension, capillary effects, wettability, and contact angles) as inputs to mechanical models, the amount of effort required to handle micro-components is then predicted. Researchers and engineers involved in micromanipulation and precision assembly will find this a highly useful reference for microassembly system design and analysis. "This collection of papers presents the main results of a logical analysis of extensive theoretical and experimental searches for efficient ways to overcome two long-standing scientific and technical problems : (1) the creation of a driver of inertial thermonuclear synthesis with a positive gain of energy and (2) the naturalization of artificially created radioactive materials accumulated as a product of the human activity"--Introduction