Controllable Quantum States: Mesoscopic Superconductivity & Spintronics (MS+S2006), Proceedings of the International Symposium, NTT Basic Res Labatories, Japan 27 February - 2 Marc

This volume is a collection of papers from the fourth meeting of the International Symposium on Mesoscopic Superconductivity and Spintronics held at NTT Atsugi, Japan. Research in these fields has advanced a great deal since the previous meeting, largely because these fields have drawn much attention from the viewpoint of new quantum phenomena and quantum information technology. Mesoscopic superconductivity has been developed in new fields, such as a ferromagnet/superconductor junction, the proximity effect in unconventional superconductors, macroscopic quantum tunneling in high-Tc superconductors, quantum modulation of superconducting junctions and superconducting quantum bits. This book also covers transport and spins in nano-scale semiconductor structures such as quantum dots and wires, quantum interference and coherence and order in exotic materials, and some papers on quantum algorithm. This book adequately provides an overview of recent progress in mesoscopic superconductivity. CONTENTS......Page 8 Preface......Page 6 Mesoscopic Effects in Superconductors......Page 14 1. Introduction......Page 16 2. Experimental......Page 17 3. Result and discussion......Page 18 4. Conclusion......Page 20 References......Page 21 1. Introduction......Page 22 2. Formulation......Page 23 4. Conclusion......Page 24 Acknowledgments......Page 25 References......Page 26 1. Introduction......Page 28 3. Equilibrium multipartite entanglement and irreducible higher-order correlators......Page 29 4. Nonlinear susceptibility and equlibrium multipartite entanglement......Page 32 References......Page 33 1. Introduction......Page 34 2. STIRAP in the Quantronium......Page 35 3. Effects of Decoherence......Page 36 4. Conclusion......Page 38 References......Page 39 1. Introduction......Page 40 2. Operation and discussion......Page 41 References......Page 45 Quantum Modulation of Superconducting Junctions......Page 46 1. Introduction......Page 48 2. SNS pump......Page 49 Acknowledgments......Page 52 References......Page 53 1. Squeezing of a collective spin......Page 54 2. Squeezing of superconducting qubits......Page 55 References......Page 57 1.1. Coherent pulse sequence technique......Page 60 2. Creating and detecting the Berry phase in a single flux qubit......Page 61 3. The adiabatic conditional geometric phase gate......Page 63 References......Page 65 2. The model......Page 66 3. Excitation of the single flux qubit......Page 68 4. Excitation of two coupled flux qubits......Page 69 5. Conclusion......Page 70 References......Page 71 2. Experimental Method......Page 72 3. Result and Discussion......Page 73 Acknowledgments......Page 76 References......Page 77 2. The phase qubit principles......Page 78 3. Quantum processes in the rf-SQUID......Page 79 5. Sample......Page 80 6. Rabi oscillations......Page 81 8. Conclusion......Page 82 References......Page 83 1. Bloch oscillations in Josephson junctions......Page 84 2. Bloch oscillations with the quantronium......Page 85 3. Observation of Bloch oscillations......Page 86 4. Perspectives for metrology and for mesoscopic physics......Page 88 References......Page 89 1. Introduction......Page 90 2. Operation and discussion......Page 91 References......Page 95 Superconducting Qubits......Page 96 1. Introduction......Page 98 3. Qubit decoherence in the absence of a driving field......Page 99 3.2. Numerical solution of the master equation......Page 100 4.1. Intuitive picture......Page 101 4.3. Experimental considerations......Page 102 References......Page 103 1. Introduction......Page 104 2. Phase-Coupled Flux Qubits......Page 105 3. Controllable Coupling and Entanglement of Phase-Coupled Flux Qubits......Page 107 References......Page 109 1. Introduction......Page 110 2. Theoretical analysis and calculation results......Page 111 3. Experimental results and discussion......Page 113 References......Page 115 1. Introduction......Page 116 2. Cooper Pair Box based nanodevices......Page 117 3. Defocusing for charge and charge-phase qubits......Page 118 References......Page 121 Unconventional Superconductors......Page 122 1. Introduction......Page 124 2. Formulation......Page 125 3.1. Line shapes of tunneling conductance......Page 126 3.3. Threshold temperature......Page 128 References......Page 129 1. Introduction......Page 131 2. Formulation......Page 132 3. Results......Page 133 4. Conclusions......Page 134 Acknowledgments......Page 135 References......Page 136 1. Introduction......Page 137 2. Formulation......Page 138 3. Results......Page 140 Acknowledgments......Page 141 References......Page 142 1. Introduction......Page 143 2. Formulation......Page 144 3. Results......Page 145 4. Conclusion......Page 146 References......Page 147 1. Introduction......Page 149 2. Formulation......Page 150 3. Results......Page 151 References......Page 154 1. Introduction......Page 156 2. Effective Action......Page 158 3. Dissipation due to ZES......Page 159 4. MQT in In-plane d-wave Junctions......Page 160 References......Page 161 1. Introduction......Page 162 2. Formulation......Page 163 4. Conclusions......Page 164 Acknowledgments......Page 165 References......Page 167 1. Introduction......Page 168 2. TDGL Theory with Two Components Order Parameter......Page 169 3.2. Chiral P-wave (Two Components)......Page 170 References......Page 171 1. Introduction......Page 174 2. Formulation......Page 175 3. Results......Page 177 References......Page 179 1. Introduction......Page 181 2. Formulation and results......Page 183 References......Page 186 Quantum Information......Page 188 1. Introduction......Page 190 2.2. Entanglement swapping......Page 191 3.1. Noises during the protocol execution......Page 192 4. Bit rate in absence of repeater noise......Page 193 6. Security......Page 194 References......Page 195 1. Introduction......Page 196 2. Results......Page 198 4. Conclusions......Page 200 References......Page 201 Quantum Dots and Kondo Effects......Page 202 1. Introduction......Page 204 2. Capacitance network model for the quantum dot having four gates......Page 205 3.1. Device fabrication and measurement technique......Page 206 3.3. Coulomb diamonds with sweeping voltage just to one gate......Page 207 References......Page 209 1. Introduction......Page 210 2. Method of calculation......Page 211 3. Results and discussions......Page 212 References......Page 214 1. Introduction......Page 216 3.1. Andreev tunneling in serial and parallel DQD systems......Page 217 3.2. AB effect in N/DQD/S system......Page 219 4. Summary......Page 220 References......Page 221 1. Introduction......Page 222 2. Model and experiment......Page 223 Acknowledgments......Page 226 References......Page 227 1. Introduction......Page 228 3.1. Formulation......Page 229 4. Pseudo-spin Kondo effect......Page 230 References......Page 233 1. Introduction......Page 234 2. Results and discussion......Page 235 3. Phase coherence time in very clean metallic quantum wires......Page 236 References......Page 239 1. Introduction......Page 240 2. Model......Page 241 3.2. Scaling for the Kondo Model......Page 242 4. Mean Field Calculations......Page 243 References......Page 245 1. Introduction......Page 246 2. Model and Method......Page 247 3. Numerical Results......Page 248 References......Page 251 1. Introduction......Page 252 2.1. Model......Page 253 2.2. Calculation methods......Page 254 3.1. Spin coupling J......Page 255 3.3. SWAP gate with spin-orbit interaction......Page 256 References......Page 257 1. Introduction......Page 258 2. Experiment......Page 259 3. Results and discussion......Page 260 References......Page 263 1. Introduction......Page 264 2.1. SU(6) three-orbital Anderson Hamiltonian......Page 265 3. Results and discussion......Page 266 References......Page 268 1. Introduction......Page 269 2. The Effective Hamiltonian......Page 270 3. Spin Relaxation Time......Page 272 References......Page 274 Quantum Wires, Low-Dimensional Electrons......Page 276 1. Introduction......Page 278 2.1. Electron accumulation by gate operation......Page 279 2.2. The PL energy shift by the front-gate bias......Page 280 3. Simulation......Page 281 References......Page 283 1. Introduction......Page 284 3. Results and discussions......Page 285 References......Page 289 1. Motivation......Page 290 2. Device design and fabrication......Page 291 3. Transport measurements of the 2DEG and 2DHG......Page 292 Acknowledgments......Page 293 References......Page 294 1. Introduction......Page 295 2. Model......Page 296 3. Yield and Fidelity......Page 297 4. Summary......Page 299 References......Page 300 1. Introduction......Page 301 2.1. Screened high mobility 2DEG......Page 302 2.2. Rolled-up 2DEG with contacts for magnetotransport measurements......Page 303 2.2.1. Ballistic transport in free-standing high-mobility 2DEG......Page 304 2.2.2. Quantum Hall effect in high-mobility 2DEG’s with varying magnetic field along the current direction......Page 305 References......Page 306 1. Introduction......Page 308 2. Bose-Kondo Model and Cumulant Generating Function......Page 309 3. Renormalization and Lifetime Broadening......Page 311 4. Summary......Page 312 References......Page 313 1. Introduction......Page 314 2.1. Numerical calculations......Page 315 2.2. Spin polarization mechanism......Page 316 3. Detection of spin polarization......Page 317 References......Page 319 1. Introduction......Page 320 3. Results and discussions......Page 321 References......Page 324 2. A model system......Page 325 3. Localization and freezing of magnetic solitons......Page 327 References......Page 330 Spin-photovoltaic effect in quantum wires A. Fedorov......Page 331 References......Page 335 Quantum Interference......Page 338 1. Introduction......Page 340 2. Model......Page 341 3. Calculated results......Page 343 4. Case of interferometer of double quantum dots......Page 344 References......Page 345 2. Present model......Page 346 3.1. Calculation method......Page 347 3.3. The case of gerade mode for systems without the referential path......Page 350 References......Page 351 1. Introduction......Page 352 2. Formulation Based on the Path Decomposition Method......Page 353 3. Numerical Estimate of Transmission Probability......Page 355 4. Summary......Page 356 References......Page 357 1. Introduction......Page 358 2. Sample Fabrication......Page 359 3. Experimental Results and Discussion......Page 360 References......Page 363 Coherence and Order in Exotic Materials......Page 364 1. ELECTRONS ON HELIUM AS QUBITS......Page 366 2. A LINEAR ELECTRON TRAP ARRAY......Page 367 3. CHARGING/DISCHARGING THE TRAP......Page 368 Acknowledgments......Page 370 References......Page 371 2. Measurement of noise cross-correlations with inducting coupling......Page 372 3. Noise measurement via photo-assisted Andreev reflection......Page 374 References......Page 377 1. Introduction......Page 378 2. Sample processing......Page 379 3. Coulomb blockade regime......Page 380 4. Supercurrent and the Kondo effect......Page 381 References......Page 383 1. Introduction......Page 384 2. Model......Page 386 4. Conditional evolution for imperfect detectors......Page 387 5. Adaptive techniques......Page 388 References......Page 389 1. Introduction......Page 390 2. Experimental......Page 391 3. Results and Discussions......Page 392 References......Page 395 1. Introduction......Page 396 2. Fabrication of samples......Page 397 3. Electric properties......Page 398 4. Summary......Page 400 References......Page 401 1. Introduction......Page 402 2. Experiment......Page 403 3. Result and Discussion......Page 404 4. Summary......Page 406 References......Page 407 1. Introduction......Page 408 3. Results and Discussions......Page 409 4. Conclusion......Page 412 References......Page 413 Trapped Ions (Special Talk)......Page 414 1. Introduction......Page 416 2. Experiment......Page 417 2.1. State tomography......Page 418 3. Experimental Imperfections......Page 419 Acknowledgments......Page 420 References......Page 421 List of Participants......Page 422

this Volume Is A Collection Of Papers From The Fourth Meeting Of The International Symposium On Mesoscopic Superconductivity And Spintronics Held At Ntt Atsugi, Japan. Research In These Fields Has Advanced A Great Deal Since The Previous Meeting, Largely Because These Fields Have Drawn Much Attention From The Viewpoint Of New Quantum Phenomena And Quantum Information Technology. Mesoscopic Superconductivity Has Been Developed In New Fields, Such As A Ferromagnet/superconductor Junction, The Proximity Effect In Unconventional Superconductors, Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling In High-tc Superconductors, Quantum Modulation Of Superconducting Junctions And Superconducting Quantum Bits. The Book Also Covers Transport And Spins In Nano-scale Semiconductor Structures Such As Quantum Dots And Wires, Quantum Interference And Coherence And Order In Exotic Materials, And Some Papers On Quantum Algorithm. This Book Adequately Provides An Overview Of Recent Progress In Mesoscopic Superconductivity.