Control of Violence : Historical and International Perspectives on Violence in Modern Societies

Modern Societies Are Increasingly Confronted With Forms Of Violence That Appear Unpredictable And Uncontrollable. Are The Existing Control Regimes Such As Police, State Surveillance Institutions, And Legal Systems Able To Effectively Contain Phenomena Such As School Shootings, Terrorism, Or Violence In Fragile States, And What Would Help Them Become More Effective? What Is The Relationship Between State Rule And Self-control In Limiting Violence? Taking An Historically And Internationally Comparative Perspective, The Contributors To This Innovative Book Examine These Violent Phenomena As Well As The Preconditions And Mechanisms Of Their Control. Taking Into Consideration The Fundamentally Ambivalent Character Of Control, They Explore How Institutions And Strategies Of Control Retroact On And Thus Re-shape Societies. Moreover, They Address General Aspects Of Violence Control In Modern Societies Such As The Concept Of Individual Self-control, The Impact Of Changing Social Institutions And The Role Of Religion. The Contributions To This Volume Explore Violence On The Micro-, Meso-, And Macro-levels Of Social Organization, Creating A Cohesive Theoretical Framework For Understanding Violence On Each Of These Levels. Control Of Violence In Modern Societies Will Be Of Great Interest To Researchers Studying Violence, Particularly To Those Studying The Phenomenon In A Global Context, Be It From A Criminological, A Sociological Or From A Public Health Perspective. -- From The Back Cover. Control Of Violence : An Analytical Framework / Andrea Kirschner And Stefan Malthaner -- An End To Violence / Michel Wieviorka -- Cross-national Homicide Trends In The Latter Decades Of The Twentieth Century : Losses And Gains In Institutional Control? / Steven F. Messner [and Others] -- Self-control And The Management Of Violence / Charles R. Tittle -- Self-control, Conscience, And Criminal Violence : Some Preliminary Considerations / Helmut Thome -- Reading Religious Violence In Terms Of Theories Of Social Action / Hans G. Kippenberg -- Religion And Control Of Violence / Levent Tezcan -- Gun Violence And Control In Germany 1880-1911 : Scandalizing Gun Violence And Changing Perceptions As Preconditions For Firearm Control / Dagmar Ellerbrock -- Controlling Control Institutions : Policing Of Collective Protests In 1960s West Germany / Klaus Weinhauer -- School Violence And Its Control In Germany And The United States Since The 1950s / Dirk Schumann --^ School Shooting : A Double Loss Of Control / Nils Böckler, Thorsten Seeger, And Wilhelm Heitmeyer -- Explaining And Preventing School Shootings : Chances And Difficulties Of Control / Rebecca Bondü And Herbert Scheithauer -- Masculinity, School Shooters, And The Control Of Violence / Ralph W. Larkin -- Terrorism As Performance : The Assassinations Of Walther Rathenau And Hanns-martin Schleyer / Bernd Weisbrod -- Party Politics, National Security, And Eḿigré Political Violence In Australia, 1949-1973 / Mate Nikola Tokić -- Control Of Terror, Terror Of Control / Jitka Malečková -- Terrorism : Conditions And Limits Of Control / Friedhelm Neidhardt -- Fighting For The Community Of Believers : Dynamics Of Control In The Relationship Between Militant Islamist Movements And Their Constituencies / Stefan Malthaner -- Baseless Jihad / Khaled Al-hashimi And Carolin Goerzig --^ Ethnic Riots In Situations Of Loss Of Control : Revoltution, Civil War, And Regime Change As Opportunity Structures For Anti-jewish Violence In Nineteenth- And Twentieth-century Europe / Werner Bergmann -- Control And Chaos : Paramilitary Violence And The Dissolution Of The Habsburg Empire / Robert Gerwarth -- Failed States In Theoretical, Historical, And Policy Perspectives / Jean-germain Gros -- Putting Out The Fire With Gasoline? Violence Control In Fragile States : A Study Of Vigilantism In Nigeria / Andrea Kirschner. Wilhelm Heitmeyer ... [et Al.], Editors. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Front Matter....Pages i-xvi Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Control of Violence—An Analytical Framework....Pages 3-44 Front Matter....Pages 45-45 An End to Violence....Pages 47-63 Cross-National Homicide Trends in the Latter Decades of the Twentieth Century: Losses and Gains in Institutional Control?....Pages 65-89 Self-Control and the Management of Violence....Pages 91-119 Self-Control, Conscience, and Criminal Violence: Some Preliminary Considerations....Pages 121-144 Reading Religious Violence in Terms of Theories of Social Action....Pages 145-163 Religion and Control of Violence....Pages 165-183 Gun Violence and Control in Germany 1880–1911: Scandalizing Gun Violence and Changing Perceptions as Preconditions for Firearm Control....Pages 185-212 Controlling Control Institutions: Policing of Collective Protests in 1960s West Germany....Pages 213-229 Front Matter....Pages 231-231 School Violence and Its Control in Germany and the United States Since the 1950s....Pages 233-259 School Shooting: A Double Loss of Control....Pages 261-294 Explaining and Preventing School Shootings: Chances and Difficulties of Control....Pages 295-314 Masculinity, School Shooters, and the Control of Violence....Pages 315-344 Media and Control of Violence: Communication in School Shootings....Pages 345-361 Front Matter....Pages 363-363 Terrorism as Performance: The Assassinations of Walther Rathenau and Hanns-Martin Schleyer....Pages 365-394 Party Politics, National Security, and Émigré Political Violence in Australia, 1949–1973....Pages 395-414 Control of Terror—Terror of Control....Pages 415-430 Terrorism: Conditions and Limits of Control....Pages 431-444 Fighting for the Community of Believers: Dynamics of Control in the Relationship Between Militant Islamist Movements and their Constituencies....Pages 445-465 Baseless Jihad....Pages 467-484 Front Matter....Pages 485-485 Ethnic Riots in Situations of Loss of Control: Revolution, Civil War, and Regime Change as Opportunity Structures for Anti-Jewish Violence in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Europe....Pages 487-516 Control and Chaos: Paramilitary Violence and the Dissolution of the Habsburg Empire....Pages 517-533 Failed States in Theoretical, Historical, and Policy Perspectives....Pages 535-561 Putting Out the Fire with Gasoline? Violence Control in “Fragile” States: A Study of Vigilantism in Nigeria....Pages 563-591 Back Matter....Pages 593-622 Control of violence : an analytical framework / Andrea Kirschner and Stefan Malthaner An end to violence / Michel Wieviorka Cross-national homicide trends in the latter decades of the twentieth century : losses and gains in institutional control? / Steven F. Messner ... [et al.] Self-control and the management of violence / Charles R. Tittle Self-control, conscience, and criminal violence : some preliminary considerations / Helmut Thome Reading religious violence in terms of theories of social action / Hans G. Kippenberg Religion and control of violence / Levent Tezcan Gun violence and control in Germany 1880-1911 : scandalizing gun violence and changing perceptions as preconditions for firearm control / Dagmar Ellerbrock Controlling control institutions : policing of collective protests in 1960s West Germany / Klaus Weinhauer School violence and its control in Germany and the United States since the 1950s / Dirk Schumann School shooting : a double loss of control / Nils Böckler, Thorsten Seeger, and Wilhelm Heitmeyer Explaining and preventing school shootings : chances and difficulties of control / Rebecca Bondü and Herbert Scheithauer Masculinity, school shooters, and the control of violence / Ralph W. Larkin Terrorism as performance : the assassinations of Walther Rathenau and Hanns-Martin Schleyer / Bernd Weisbrod Party politics, national security, and eḿigré political violence in Australia, 1949-1973 / Mate Nikola Tokić Control of terror, terror of control / Jitka Malečková Terrorism : conditions and limits of control / Friedhelm Neidhardt Fighting for the community of believers : dynamics of control in the relationship between militant Islamist movements and their constituencies / Stefan Malthaner Baseless jihad / Khaled Al-Hashimi and Carolin Goerzig Ethnic riots in situations of loss of control : revoltution, civil war, and regime change as opportunity structures for anti-Jewish violence in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Europe / Werner Bergmann Control and chaos : paramilitary violence and the dissolution of the Habsburg empire / Robert Gerwarth Failed states in theoretical, historical, and policy perspectives / Jean-Germain Gros Putting out the fire with gasoline? Violence control in "fragile" states" : a study of vigilantism in Nigeria / Andrea Kirschner. The Control of Violence in Modern Society, starts from the hypothesis that in modern society we will face an increasing loss of control over certain phenomena of violence. This leads to unpredictable escalations and violence can no longer be contained adequately by the relevant control regimes, such as police, state surveillance institutions, national repression apparatuses and international law. However, before investigating this hypothesis from an internationally and historically comparative perspective, the terms and "tools" for this undertaking have to be rendered more precisely. Since both "control" and "violence" are all but clear-cut terms but rather highly debatable and contested concepts that may take multiple connotations. The main question is whether an increase in certain forms of violence can be explained by the failure or, in turn, "overeffectiveness" of certain control mechanisms. It is asked, for instance, which contribution religion can make to limit violence and, in turn, which destructive potential religion might have in its fundamentalist form. Moreover, the concept of individual self-control as well as social institutions and strategies of collective disengagement and de-radicalization are investigated with regard to their potential for controlling violence. The Control of Violence in Modern Society concludes with a re-examination of the hypothesis of a loss of control by specifying in what cases and under which circumstances we can speak of a loss of control over violence.