[Contributions to Phenomenology] Early Phenomenology in Central and Eastern Europe Volume 113 (Main Figures, Ideas, and Problems) ||

This book presents the origins of Central and Eastern European phenomenology. It features chapters that explore the movement's development, its most important thinkers, and its theoretical and historical context. This collection examines such topics as the realism-idealism controversy, the status of descriptive psychology, the question of the phenomenological method, and the problem of the world. The chapters span the first decades of the development of phenomenology in Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Russia, and Yugoslavia before World War II. The contributors track the Brentanian heritage of the development. They show how this tradition inspired influential thinkers like Celms, Špet, Ingarden, Frank, Twardowski, Patočka, and others. The book also puts forward original investigations. Moreover it elaborates new accounts of the foundations of phenomenology. While the volume begins with the Brentanian heritage, it situates phenomenology in a dialogue with other important schools of thought of that time, including the Prague School and Lvov-Warsaw School of Logic. This collection highlights thinkers whose writings have had only a limited reception outside their home countries due to political and historical circumstances. It will help readers gain a better understanding of how the phenomenological movement developed beyond its start in Germany. Readers will also come to see how the phenomenological method resonated in different countries and led to new philosophical developments in ontology, epistemology, psychology, philosophy of culture, and philosophy of religion. Preface Contents Contributors Introduction: Rediscovering Early Phenomenology in Central and Eastern Europe References Early Phenomenology in Prague 1 Introduction 2 Orthodox and Heterodox Brentanism 2.1 Marty and Orthodox Brentanism 2.2 Ehrenfels and Heterodox Brentanism 3 Initial Reception of Husserl’s Phenomenology in Prague 3.1 The Husserl—Marty Debate, Marty’s Critique of Husserl 3.1.1 Defense of Immanent Objects 3.1.2 Immanent Existence of General Objects 3.1.3 Marty’s Critique of Husserl’s Theory of Sensory Perception 3.2 Husserl’s Defense and His Critique of Marty 3.2.1 Transcendent Objects as Absurd Doubles 3.2.2 Neither Inauthentic Presentation nor Image Presentation Is Based on a Presented Surrogate 3.2.3 Evidence of Reflection Directed to Immanent Objects in Husserl’s Sense 3.2.4 General Intuition 3.3 Marty’s Reply to Husserl’s Critique 3.4 Conclusion References Husserl’s Early Phenomenology and the Ontology of Truth in the Lvov-Warsaw School 1 Introduction 2 Twardowski’s Metaphilosophy 3 Husserl’s Unilateral Influence on the LWS: Philosophy of Truth and Semantics 4 Interactions Between Husserl’s Logical Investigations and Twardowski’s Ontology of Mind 5 Parallel Development of the Ontology of Truth in Husserl’s Early Philosophy and in the LWS 5.1 Truth-Makers 5.2 Alethic Absolutism References Gustav Špet’s “Hermeneutical Phenomenology” Project: His Reinterpretation of Husserl’s Phenomenology References On the Phenomenological Implications of Semyon Frank’s Psychological Philosophy of the Living Soul 1 Introduction 2 Toward a Phenomenology of Soul 3 The World of the Living Soul 4 De-objectifying the Living Soul 5 Conclusion References Vasily Sesemann’s Theory of Knowledge, and Its Phenomenological Relevance 1 Introduction 2 Intuition as the Foundation of Knowledge 3 Critique of the Naturalistic Account of Scientific Knowledge 4 Attitudes, Point of View and the Genesis of Knowledge 5 The Limits of Objectifying Knowledge and Language 6 Conclusions References Roman Ingarden’s Early Theory of the Object 1 Introduction 2 The Theory of the Object in The Aims of Phenomenologists 3 How to Classify the Early Ingardenian View? 4 Constitutive Natures Versus Gestalts 5 Conclusion References Nae Ionescu and the Origins of Phenomenology in Romania 1 Introduction 2 Phenomenological Techniques in the Structure of a Metaphysical Theory of Knowledge 2.1 Actuality and Virtuality: The Non-actionality Modification (Inaktualitätsmodifikation) 2.2 Image, Object, Thing; About a Kind of Eidetic Reduction 2.3 Contemplation and Love; Intentional Act and Phenomenological Method 2.4 Being and Nothingness; the Transcendental Function of the Passional Act 3 Influences and Philosophical Consequences of Contact with Phenomenology 4 Conclusion References Theodor Celms and the “Realism–Idealism” Controversy 1 Introduction 2 Celms’ Criticism in Context 3 Celms’ Critical Interpretation of Husserl’s Transcendental Idealism 3.1 From Method to Idealism? 3.2 Highest and most Rigorous of Sciences? 3.2.1 Reduction of the Physical World 3.2.2 Reduction of the Other I’s 3.3 What Idealism? 4 Reception of Celms’ Critical Interpretation 5 Conclusion References Leopold Blaustein’s Descriptive Psychology and Aesthetics in Light of His Criticism of Husserl 1 Introduction 2 Towards a Reformulation of the Phenomenological Method 3 Blaustein’s Critique of Husserl’s Theory of the Act, and the Content 4 A Husserlian Response to Blaustein’s Critique 5 Blaustein’s Theory of Imaginative Presentations and Its Relevance for Aesthetics 6 Conclusion References Life and the Natural World in the Early Work of Jan Patočka (1930–1945) 1 Introduction 2 Life and Evidence in Knowledge 2.1 Intuition and the Idea of the Whole 2.2 Conclusion: The Living Source of Rationality 3 The Unity of the World Based on the Life of Transcendental Subjectivity 3.1 Objectives and Tasks of the Project 3.2 Time and Organic Life-Tendencies in the Constitution of Meaning 4 Overview of the First Revision of Transcendental Phenomenology: The Concept of Inwardness 4.1 The Subjective Life of Inwardness 4.2 The Life-World and Its Inwardness 5 Conclusion References The Beginnings of Phenomenology in Yugoslavia: Zagorka Mićić on Husserl’s Method 1 Ideological Reception: The Factious Spirit of Philosophy 2 Theological Reception: Pro et Contra 3 Zagorka Mićić: A Genuine Phenomenologist 4 A “Non-phenomenological” Book of Phenomenology 5 Phenomenology: A Synthesis of Modern Philosophy References Index This book presents the origins of Central and Eastern European phenomenology. It features chapters that explore the movement's development, its most important thinkers, and its theoretical and historical context. This collection examines such topics as the realism-idealism controversy, the status of descriptive psychology, the question of the phenomenological method, and the problem of the world.The chapters span the first decades of the development of phenomenology in Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Russia, and Yugoslavia before World War II. The contributors track the Brentanian heritage of the development. They show how this tradition inspired influential thinkers like Celms, Špet, Ingarden, Frank, Twardowski, Patocka, and others. The book also puts forward original investigations. Moreover it elaborates new accounts of the foundations of phenomenology. While the volume begins with the Brentanian heritage, it situates phenomenology in a dialogue with other important schools of thought of that time, including the Prague School and Lvov-Warsaw School of Logic.This collection highlights thinkers whose writings have had only a limited reception outside their home countries due to political and historical circumstances. It will help readers gain a better understanding of how the phenomenological movement developed beyond its start in Germany. Readers will also come to see how the phenomenological method resonated in different countries and led to new philosophical developments in ontology, epistemology, psychology, philosophy of culture, and philosophy of religion