Continuous transcutaneous monitoring : [proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Continuous Transcutaneous Monitoring, held October 1-4, 1986, in Zurich, Switzerland

The i nterna ti ona 1 symposi a on transcutaneous monitori ng have dea It with the interaction between ideas and research, the introduction of unconventional techniques into clinical practice, and the joint efforts of researchers, clinicians, and industry to design and manufacture prac­ tical equipment for noninvasive monitoring. The First International Symposium on Continuous Transcutaneous Blood Gas Monitoring took place in Marburg, West Germany, from May 31 to June 2, 1978. This was the first major international meeting exclusively devoted to transcutaneous blood gas monitoring, and it was attended by the scientists who had developed this technique or had been \'Jorking with it, by a large number of doctors, mainly neonatologists who had just begun to use the technique or hoped to do so, and, finally, a rather large number of representatives of industry. The second symposium, with the same title, was held in Zurich, Switzerland, October 14-16, 1981. This time the focus was, to a large extent, on transcutaneous PC0 monitori ng, for whi ch equipment had become 2 commercially available only a short time before. Fetal monitoring was also discussed at length, as was the use of the transcutaneous techniques in other fields, such as vascular surgery and experimental animal research. The third symposium, October 1-4, 1986, was again held in Zurich. It \'Jas entitled "Continuous Transcutaneous Monitoring," indicating that not only blood gases but also other parameters could be monitored trans­ cutaneous ly. Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 History, Status and Future of Pulse Oximetry....Pages 3-8 Possibilities and Limitations of the Transcutaneous Measuring Technique a Theoretical Analysis....Pages 9-17 Growth and Development of Transcutaneous Monitoring in the U.S.A. — 1978–1986....Pages 19-21 Transcutaneous Po 2 and Pco 2 Monitoring at 37°C Cutaneous Po 2 and Pco 2 ....Pages 23-32 Front Matter....Pages 33-33 The Measurement of TcPO 2 and TcPCO 2 in Newborn Infants at 44°C, 42°C and 37°C after Initial Heating to 44°C....Pages 35-40 Drift in Vivo of Transcutaneous Dual Electrodes....Pages 41-44 Evaluation of Single Sensor Transcutaneous Measurement of PO 2 and PCO 2 in the Neonate....Pages 45-49 Current Correction Factors Inadequately Predict the Relationship between Transcutaneous (tc) and Arterial PCO2 in Sick Neonates....Pages 51-53 Computing the Oxygen Status of the Blood from Heated Skin pO 2 ....Pages 55-58 Front Matter....Pages 59-59 Transcutaneous Monitoring of PO 2 and PCO 2 During Running — A Noninvasive Determination of Gas Transport....Pages 61-66 Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension during Exercise in Patients with Pulmonary Emphysema....Pages 67-70 The Effect of Inhaled Bronchoconstrictors on Transcutaneous Gas Tensions in Normal Adult Subjects....Pages 71-73 In Vivo Calibration of a Transcutaneous Oxygen Electrode in Adult Patients....Pages 75-77 Inflammation and Transcutaneous Measurement of Oxygen Pressure in Dermatology....Pages 79-82 Diagnostic Assessment of Diabetic Microangiopathy by TCPO 2 Stimulation Tests....Pages 83-86 Front Matter....Pages 87-87 Transcutaneous Blood Gases and Sleep Apnea Profile in Healthy Preterm Infants During Early Infancy....Pages 89-94 Transcutaneous Monitoring as Trigger for Therapy of Hypoxemia During Sleep....Pages 95-100 Effectiveness of Combined Transcutaneous PO 2 /PcO 2 Monitoring of Newborns....Pages 101-104 Incidence and Severity of Retinopathy in Low Birth Weight Infants Monitored by TCPO 2 ....Pages 105-108 Transcutaneous Oxygen Monitoring and Retinopathy of Prematurity....Pages 109-113 Front Matter....Pages 87-87 Combined Transcutaneous Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide Tensions and End-Expired CO 2 Levels in Severely Ill Newborns....Pages 115-120 Transcutaneous PO 2 and PCO 2 During Surfactant Therapy in Newborn Infants with Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome....Pages 121-122 Continuous Fetal Acid-Base Assessment During Labour by tc-pCO 2 Monitoring....Pages 123-126 Microvascular Dynamics During Acute Asphyxia in Chronically Prepared Fetal Sheep near Term....Pages 127-131 Front Matter....Pages 133-133 Pulse Oximetry: Physical Principles, Technical Realization and Present Limitations....Pages 135-144 Pulse Oximetry — An Alternative to Transcutaneous PO 2 in Sick Newborns....Pages 145-150 Application of the Ohmeda Biox 3700 Pulse Oximeter to Neonatal Oxygen Monitoring....Pages 151-158 Pulse Oximetry and Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension for Detection of Hypoxemia in Critically Ill Infants and Children....Pages 159-164 Is Pulse Oximetry Reliable in Detecting Hyperoxemia in the Neonate?....Pages 165-169 Comparison between Transcutaneous PO 2 and Pulse Oximetry for Monitoring O 2 -Treatment in Newborns....Pages 171-176 The Accuracy of the Pulse Oximeter in Neonates....Pages 177-179 Pulse Oximetry and Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension in Hypoxemic Neonates and Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia....Pages 181-186 Control of Pedicle and Microvascular Tissue Transfer by Photometric Reflection Oximetry....Pages 187-190 Comparison of in-Vivo Response Times between Pulse Oximetry and Transcutaneous PO 2 Monitoring....Pages 191-194 Errors in the Measurement of Co-Hemoglobin in Fetal Blood by Automated Multicomponent Analysis....Pages 195-200 A Simple Method for HbF Analysis....Pages 201-205 Front Matter....Pages 207-207 Capillary Blood Pressure....Pages 209-214 Microvasculatory Evaluation of Vasospastic Syndromes....Pages 215-218 Infrared Fluorescence Videomicroscopy with Indocyanine Green (Cardiogreen®)....Pages 219-221 Measurement of Tissue Blood Flow by High Frequency Doppler Ultrasound....Pages 223-226 Front Matter....Pages 207-207 Laser-Doppler Probes for the Evaluation of Arterial Ischemia....Pages 227-229 Skin Reactive Hyperemia Recorded by a Combined TcPO2 and Laser Doppler Sensor....Pages 231-234 Comparison of Laser-Doppler-Flux and tcPO 2 in Healthy Probands and Patients with Arterial Ischemia....Pages 235-240 The Use of the Hellige Oxymonitor to Study Skin Blood Flow Changes....Pages 241-246 Front Matter....Pages 247-247 Estimated Peripheral Blood Flow in Premature Newborn Infants....Pages 249-251 Skin Blood Flow Calculations from Transcutaneous Gas Pressure Measurements....Pages 253-257 The Percentual Initial Slope Index of tcPo 2 as a Measure of the Peripheral Circulation and its Measurements by Different tcPo 2 Electrodes....Pages 259-261 Examinations on the Blood Flow Dependence of tcpO 2 Using the Model of the “Circulatory Hyperbola”....Pages 263-268 Estimation of the Determinants of Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension Using a Dynamic Computer Model....Pages 269-273 Front Matter....Pages 275-275 Quality and Safety Aspects in the Development and Fabrication of Transcutaneous Sensors....Pages 277-283 A New System for tcPo 2 Long-Term Monitoring Using a Two-Electrode Sensor with Alternating Heating....Pages 285-289 A Novel Approach for an ECG Electrode Integrated into a Transcutaneous Sensor....Pages 291-293 Microelectronic Sensors for Simultaneous Measurement of PO 2 and pH....Pages 295-298 A Modified Electrode Ring for Use in Transcutaneous Measurement of Po 2 ....Pages 299-304 Multichannel Recording and Analysis of Physiological Data Using a Personal Computer....Pages 305-309 Continuous Non-Invasive Beat-by-Beat Blood Pressure (B.P.) Measurement in the Newborn....Pages 311-314 The Relative Accuracy of Three Transcutaneous Dual Electrodes at 45 °C in Adults....Pages 315-320 Back Matter....Pages 321-328