Contested Hospitalities in a Time of Migration: Religious and Secular Counterspaces in the Nordic Region (Religion, Resistance, Hospitalities)

"This book explores the duality of openness and restriction in approaches to migrants in the Nordic countries. As borders have become less permeable to non-Europeans, it presents research on civil society practices that oppose the existing border regimes and examine the values that they express. The volume offers case studies from across the region that demonstrate opposition to increasingly restricted borders and which seek to offer hospitality to migrant. One topic is whether these practices impact and transform the Nordic Protestant trajectory. The book considers whether such actions are indicative of new sensibilities and values in which traditional categories and binaries are becoming less relevant. It also discusses what these practices of hospitality indicate about the changing relationship between voluntary organizations and the Nordic welfare states in the time of migration. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology, anthropology, and religious studies with interests in migration, civil society resistance and social values"-- Provided by publisher Cover 1 Half Title 2 Series Page 3 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Table of Contents 6 List of contributors 8 Chapter 1 Introduction: Contextualized hospitalities: Migrants and the Nordic beyond the religious/secular binary 12 Exploring hospitalities in a time of change 12 Welfare state regimes, restriction politics, and projects opposing restriction 13 Nordic hospitality? 17 Non-binary hospitalities? 18 Outline of the book 20 Acknowledgements 24 References 24 Part I Exploring the Nordic context 28 Chapter 2 Religious civil society and the national welfare state: Secular reciprocity versus Christian charity 30 The Nordic social contract: Social trust and the moral economy of reciprocity 33 The charity logic in the Nordic context: On the peculiarities of Nordic civil society 34 From national welfare state to moral superpower: The revival of the charity logic 37 The Lutheran legacy: Taxes, reciprocity, and statism 39 From state church to religious civil society organization 42 Statist individualism vs civil society communitarianism 44 References 46 Chapter 3 Defending the endangered nation: Nordic identitarian Christianism in the age of migration 49 Introduction 49 Theoretical approaches 51 The emergence of identitarian Christianism in Sweden and Norway 53 The Sweden Democrats and identitarian Christianism 54 The Progress Party and identitarian Christianism 58 Conclusion 62 References 63 Chapter 4 Beacons of tolerance dimmed? Migration, criminalization, and inhospitality in welfare states 66 Introduction 66 Tolerance/intolerance: A closer look at the duality 67 Challenging the orthodoxy 71 Migration, criminal justice, and the politics of exclusion 73 The paradox explained 78 ‘Hard-on-the-outside, soft-on-the-inside’? 80 References 82 Chapter 5 Emergency care between state and civil society: The open clinic for irregular migrants 87 The health conditions of irregular migrants 90 The clinic for irregular migrants in Copenhagen 94 Conclusion 100 References 103 Part II Reconfiguring migrantscapes in religious and ‘secular’ Nordic civil society 106 Chapter 6 “We can teach Swedes a lot!”: Experiences of in/hospitality, space making, and the prospects of altered guest–host relations among migrant and non-migrant Christians in the Church of Sweden 108 Introduction 108 The role of the Church of Sweden 110 Studying hospitality 111 Segregation, diversity, and the role of the church 112 The importance of negotiation, explanation, and translation 114 The sharing of food 115 Differences in hospitality and space 118 Conclusion 120 References 122 Chapter 7 Hospitality, reciprocity, and power relations in the home accommodation of asylum seekers in Finland 124 Introduction 124 Pro-asylum mobilization in Finland 125 Interviews with hosts 126 Seeking asylum in the Nordic welfare state 127 ‘We are doing this together’ 129 Hospitality that blurs the public and private divide 132 Power relations and boundaries in the shared home 133 Conclusions 136 References 137 Chapter 8 What about no-bodies? Embodied belonging, unspecific strangers, and religious hospitality in Norway 140 Introduction 140 Connecting belonging and the stranger 142 People must eat to survive: Investigating belonging through hospitality 143 No choice – questionable guests 144 Touch and conditional hospitality 145 The stranger 146 Disposability and hunger 146 Foodways and strangers 148 Citizenship, embodiment, and no-bodies 149 Transcending belonging 150 The embodied stranger and a different kind of belonging 151 Concluding remarks: Deconstructing the stranger and thinking about citizenship 152 References 154 Chapter 9 Intertwined hospitalities in a Danish church 157 Introduction 157 A local church in a multicultural neighbourhood 159 A spatial quest for an ambiguous concept of hospitality 160 Intertwined spaces of hospitalities 166 References 171 Chapter 10 Between belonging and exclusion: Migrants’ resilience in a Norwegian welfare prison 173 Introduction 173 Exclusion, belonging, and sovereign power 175 Resilience 176 Kongsvinger prison 177 Mobility as resilience 178 Solidarity as resilience 179 Making a home at Kongsvinger 181 The ambivalence of Kongsvinger prison 181 Possibilities 182 References 184 Chapter 11 Hospitality in the hands of who? 187 Introduction 187 The Arctic route 187 The Arctic borderlands 189 Borderland encounter 189 ‘Without civil engagement [...] everyone would have been deported’ 190 Holding the other in your hand? 193 Calling hospitality beyond the hands? 196 Conclusion 197 References 198 Chapter 12 Conclusion: Rethinking hospitality in the Nordic region 200 Rethinking hospitality? 200 Beyond the religious/secular binary 201 The relationship between voluntary organizations and the welfare state 203 References 204 Index 206 Introduction: Contextualized hospitalities : migrants and the Nordic beyond the religious/secular binary / Synnøve Bendixsen and Trygve Wyller -- Religious civil society and the national welfare state : secular reciprocity versus Christian charity / Lars Trägårdh -- Defending the endangered nation : Nordic identitarian Christianism in the age of migration / Cathrine Thorleifsson and Anders Ravik Jupskås -- Beacons of tolerance dimmed? Migration, criminalization and inhospitality in welfare states / Maartje van der Woude, Katja Franko and Vanessa Barker -- Emergency care between state and civil society : the open clinic for irregular migrants / Kaspar Villadsen -- "We can teach Swedes a lot!" experiences of in/hospitality, space making, and the prospects of altered guest-host relations among migrant and non-migrant Christians in the Church of Sweden / Kristina Helgesson Kjellin -- Hospitality, reciprocity, and power relations in the home accommodation of asylum seekers in Finland / Paula Marikoski -- What about no-bodies? Embodied belonging, unspecific strangers, and religious hospitality in Norway / Helena Schmidt -- Intertwined hospitalities in a Danish church / Laura Bjørg Serup Petersen -- Between belonging and exclusion : migrants resilience in a Norwegian welfare prison / Dorina Damsa -- The significance of the individual vocation : encountering living civil society agents in northern Norway and southern Sweden / Kaia Schultz Rønsdal -- Conclusion / Synnøve Bendixsen and Trygve Wyller