Contemporary Turkey at a glance II Turkey transformed? ? : power, history, culture

This volume is a collection of papers that address multiple issues of contemporary Turkish politics, presented at the "Contemporary Turkey at a Glance: Turkey Transformed? Power, History, Culture" conference. Articles on foreign policy analyze the impact of the changing dynamics in the region following the Arab Uprisings. The pressing issues of the role of the strong one party government on the transformation of political institutions and the relations between the state and the citizens, and whether there is a trend towards authoritarianism are debated. The wide range of issues extends to the formation of identity in the transnational communities, the projection of historical events, the challenges to the legal system, and last but not the least, the established categories of religion and gender. Content Turkey • Politics • History • Culture The editors Dr. Meltem Ersoy received her Political Science PhD from George Mason University. Her research focuses on political parties, political Islam and Turkey. Dr. Esra Ozyurek is the Chair for Contemporary Turkish Studies, European Institute, London School of Economics. She is a social anthropologist and she wrote books on religion and politics in Turkey and Germany Preface 5 Content 6 Introduction 8 Situating Change Under the AKP 13 Introduction 13 Re-assessing the AKP period, change and continuity 14 The persistence of majoritarianism despite change 16 ‘Path-dependent path-shaping’ 23 Beyond change and continuity: political cycles and hybrid regimes 25 Conclusion 26 References 27 Political Trials and the Second Jurisdiction of the State: Normalcy of the Exception 30 Political Character of Trials 30 Justice of Specially Authorized Courts 34 The Character of Specially Authorized Courts: Exception and Extraordinary? 36 Ordinariness of Political Justice 39 References 41 “To Make Mosques a Place for Women” Female Religious Engagement within the Turkish Presidency of Religious Affairs 43 Introduction 43 Approaching female religious engagement: a matter of method 46 From engagement to offices: the institutionalization of female personnel within the Diyanet 47 Inside the Diyanet’s “New Gender Policy” 50 Concluding remarks 54 References 55 Personalistic Linkages and Persuasion in Turkish Party Politics 57 Introduction 57 Temporality in Clientelism and Political Persuasion 58 A Brief History of Clientelism in Turkey 61 The AKP’s Clientelistic Efforts and Its Impact on Voters 66 Conclusion 71 References 72 Turkey’s New Constitution-making Attempt and the Participation of Minority Organisations during the Pubic Consultation Process 74 Citizenship, Participation and the Modes of Constitution Making 75 Channels of Participation and Inclusion of Minorities 77 Public Consultation for the New Constitution of Turkey and Participation of Minorities Agenda: New Constitution 78 The Meaning of the Process 80 The Forms of Participation and the Preparation of the Community Reports 81 Arranging Meetings among the Members of Community 83 Internal Discussions among the Interested Members 84 Cooperation with the Other Ethnic or Religious Organisations 85 Through the Initiative of the Community Leaders 86 Cooperation with the Academic and Legal Professionals 86 Conclusion 87 References 88 AKP’s Implementation of a Risk Management Project of the World Bank. A Risk Management Project of the World Bank: Creating Entrepreneurial or Charity-Dependent Poor People? 90 Introduction 90 Social Risk Management 92 Social Risk Management as Neoliberal Governmentality 94 The Social Risk Mitigation Project (SRMP) in Turkey 95 The Justice and Development Party (AKP) and Social Assistance as Charity 97 AKP’s Implementation of the Social Risk Mitigation Project (SRMP) 99 Conclusion 101 References 102 Power and poetry: Kanuni Sultan Süleyman`s Third Divan 104 History of Emotion 104 Ottoman ruler poetry 105 Ottoman Poetry in the era of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman 107 The ruler poet Muḥibbī and his dīvāns 108 The audience 110 General intentionality 112 Conclusion 114 References 114 Locating the German-Turks: Transnational Migration to Turkey and Constructions of Identity and Space 116 Background and Main Arguments 117 German-Turkish Constructions of Identity 119 Othering and Diasporic Cultural Intimacy 121 Diasporic Off-Modernism and the Diaspora at Home 123 The Emergence of a Homescape in Istanbul 124 A Troubled Gaze Toward Home 128 Destination Turkey and Inbetweenness 129 Conclusion: Locating the German-Turks 130 References 131 A Turkish Epistemic Community: Sociology of a Foreign Policy Brainstorming 134 Introduction 134 A need for putting in perspectives/context 135 Social sciences in Turkey 137 A Human resources 138 B A chain of “expertise” production based on social networks : from universities to think-tanks 141 A Direct repercussions on academia : practical constraints to conduct research 144 B Transformation of an expertise network into an exclusive public policy community 145 Conclusion 146 References 146 Recalibrating Turkish Foreign Policy After the Arab Uprisings: From Pro-activism to Uncertainty by Easing Off Ideational and Liberal Goals 148 Introduction 148 Theoretical inquiry into Davutoğlu’s foreign policy vision – Different paradigms in a single vision 149 Turkish Foreign Policy before the AKP Era 152 Foreign Policy Activism during the AKP Era 153 The first phase of foreign politics 2002-2007 153 The second phase in TFP – 2007-2011 154 The third phase in TFP after 2011 – Recalibration in foreign policy objectives: from mixed paradigms to realpolitik goals in the ME 156 Upside down policies – Turkey-Syria Relations 156 Pragmatism or principles? – Saudi Arabia and Turkey’s response to the Arab uprisings 158 Turkey’s Relations with Egypt – deterioration of relations 160 Beyond uprisings – Israel and the continuing activism 160 Concluding Remarks 162 References 162 Chaldiran 2.0: Conceptualizing Iranian- Turkish Relations after the Arab Spring 165 Theory – foreign policy as a means of adjustment 167 A pleasant surprise? Turkey’s ideology driven foreign policy and the Arab Spring 168 The Case of Syria 170 The Case of Iraq 172 Conclusion 174 References 176 Turkish National Movement, Mass Mobilization, and Demographic Change in Istanbul, 1922-1923 179 Introduction 179 National Defense Committee 181 Mobilization of the Muslim Masses 182 NDC and Demonstrations 183 NDC and Economic Nationalism 185 Commission of Economic Organizations 186 Federation of Istanbul Artisan Associations (FIAA) 187 Turkish National Commerce Union (TNCU) 189 General Union of Workers (GUW) 190 Concluding Remarks 192 References 194 Biographies 195 Authors 195 Editors 199 Front Matter....Pages I-XIII Situating Change Under the AKP....Pages 7-23 Political Trials and the Second Jurisdiction of the State: Normalcy of the Exception....Pages 25-37 “To Make Mosques a Place for Women”....Pages 39-52 Personalistic Linkages and Persuasion in Turkish Party Politics....Pages 53-69 Turkey’s New Constitution-making Attempt and the Participation of Minority Organisations during the Pubic Consultation Process....Pages 71-86 AKP’s Implementation of a Risk Management Project of the World Bank....Pages 87-100 Power and poetry: Kanuni Sultan Süleyman`s Third Divan....Pages 101-112 Locating the German-Turks: Transnational Migration to Turkey and Constructions of Identity and Space....Pages 113-130 A Turkish Epistemic Community: Sociology of a Foreign Policy Brainstorming....Pages 131-144 Recalibrating Turkish Foreign Policy After the Arab Uprisings: From Pro-activism to Uncertainty by Easing Off Ideational and Liberal Goals....Pages 145-161 Chaldiran 2.0: Conceptualizing Iranian- Turkish Relations after the Arab Spring....Pages 163-176 Turkish National Movement, Mass Mobilization, and Demographic Change in Istanbul, 1922-1923....Pages 177-192 Back Matter....Pages 193-197