Contaminated Soil’93: Fourth International KfK/TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil 3–7 May 1993, Berlin, Germany (Soil & Environment, 2)

F. Arendt, XxX (Conference chairman) w. Harder, TNO (Conference co-chairman) The 1993 Berlin conference on contaminated sites is the fourth in a series of meetings initiated by the Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research (TNO) in 1985 and later continued with the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research center (KfK) of Germany. The present economic stagnation or recession in many countries is leading to various proposals to reduce the level of costly environmental activities: restricted funds are used for really urgent cases rather than precautionary measures. The level of soil contamination caused by the former centrally planned economies adds to this tendency. The Conference tries to broach this controversy by discussing once more the targets and strategies of soil remediation with follow-up use of the site as an important parameter. Both new regulations and modifications of existing lists for a tolerable level of contamination are reviewed alike. Immobilization and enclosure of pollutants are often less expensive than complete remediat­ ion and, consequently, may grow in significance. We consider the conference of great significance for demonstrating the experiences gained with management and remediation of contaminated sites internationally, among others to avoid mistakes and excessive costs. Two new types of soil contamination became apparent after the end of the cold war. Many military sites, airfields and train­ ing grorinds are being abandoned. After decades of use, large sections and hot spots of these sites are polluted to a high average level. Front Matter....Pages i-l Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Japan’s Policies on Soil Environment Protection - History and Present Status....Pages 3-10 United States/German Bilateral Agreement on Hazardous Waste Site Clean-up Projects....Pages 11-25 Large Scale Voluntary Soil Clean-Up Operation for Contaminated Industrial Sites in the Netherlands Now on Its Way....Pages 27-34 Priority Setting in the Administration of the Danish Act on Contaminated Sites....Pages 35-40 Guidance for Construction on Contaminated Sites....Pages 41-50 Legal regulations on soil conservation and rehabilitation of contaminated sites in the Federal Republic of Germany....Pages 51-54 Establishment and further development of legal regulations concerning contaminated sites....Pages 55-61 Property Value and Remedial Action: The Danish Approach....Pages 63-67 Practicable ways out of the normative, financial, organisational and personal deficits in the mastering of contaminated soils in the Federal Republic of Germany....Pages 69-79 Local Management of Contaminated Sites-an Extensive Strategy for Standard Practice....Pages 81-88 Experiences and Results of National and International Standardization of Soil Investigation Methodology....Pages 89-97 Reducing Inconveniences for Residents during Remedial Actions....Pages 99-105 Cost of Remedial Action....Pages 107-116 Creation of Jobs by Remediation in Eastern Germany Abstract....Pages 117-118 Decontamination Responsibilities of Local Authorities in New South Wales, Australia....Pages 119-120 Technical Standards for the Management of Contaminated Sites....Pages 121-122 Management of Soil Remediation and Treatment Techniques....Pages 123-124 On the Path to Sustainability: The Rotterdam Municipal Port management Policy on Contaminated Sites/Soils....Pages 125-126 Jeopardising the Credibility of Political and Economic Decisions through the Use of Incorrect Data as Typified by the Carbon Dioxide Controversy....Pages 127-128 The problems involved in the investigation of contamination by old waste deposits for the instigation of criminal proceedings....Pages 129-132 Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Assessment of Soil Contamination: General Criteria and Site-Specific Modifications....Pages 133-134 Demolition Concepts for Former Industrial Sites: Break-Off Strategy on the Example of a Former Foundry Facility....Pages 135-136 Contaminated Sites and Land Use After Remediation....Pages 137-138 Economic Strategies for Avoiding Waste and Abatement of Prior Damages in Russia....Pages 139-140 Evolution and Transfer of Environmental Know-How....Pages 141-142 Contaminated Soil as Reflected in Public Planning and Building Laws....Pages 143-144 Education and Training in the Field of Contaminated Sites: A Project of the Ec-Comett-Program (Cb-Project)....Pages 145-146 Conflicts Around Construction Projects on Slightly Contaminated Subsoil in Hamburg....Pages 147-148 Japan’s Environmental Quality Standards for Soil....Pages 149-150 Front Matter....Pages 151-151 Attenuation of Organic Pollutants in Redox of Landfill Leachate Plumes....Pages 153-162 Carrier Influenced Transport of Pollutants in Porous Media: Mathematical Modeling....Pages 163-172 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons [PAH] from Atmospheric Deposition in Forest Soils of the Ruhr Area, Germany....Pages 173-174 Determination of Pollutant Release Rates from Contaminated Aquifer Materials....Pages 175-184 Total Amount of Production as an Influential Factor for Environmental Distribution of Chemicals - A Case Study in Japan -....Pages 185-189 Heterogeneity and Contaminant Transport Modeling for the Savannah River Integrated Demonstration Site....Pages 191-198 Applicability of simulation models for the risk assessment of landfills in protected potable water areas....Pages 199-207 Sorption Behaviour of Chlorinated Pollutants on Soil in Aqueous Systems Containing Oil....Pages 209-214 Natural Production of Chlorinated Organic Compounds in Soil....Pages 215-224 Non-linear and delayed responses of toxic chemicals in the environment....Pages 225-238 The Behaviour of Heavy Metals in Tailings Deposits and Soils around Old Metalliferous Mines....Pages 239-246 Front Matter....Pages 151-151 Experimental Determination of Organic Vapour Fluxes from Coal Tar Polluted Soil....Pages 247-255 Dissolution of Heterogeneously Distributed Solvent Residuals, a Field Experiment....Pages 257-266 Bio-Geochemical Investigations for the Assessment of Long-Term Stability of Mineral Sealings in Waste Disposal Sites....Pages 267-276 Emissions from Older Household Waste Landfills without Artificial Underlying Sealing Comparison of Four Landfill Sites in Northern German Lowland....Pages 277-286 Determination of the Permeability in Base Liners of Land-Fills: Simulation with Modified Triaxial Tests-First Results....Pages 287-294 Investigation of Contaminant Plumes: Münchehagen Landfill....Pages 295-302 Methodology for the Derivation of Toxicologically Based Soil Pollutant Levels....Pages 303-314 Open Problems in the Derivation of Soil Quality Criteria from Ecotoxicity Experiments....Pages 315-326 Environmental Medical and Toxicological Assessment of Soil Contamination....Pages 327-336 Adsorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHS) by Soil Particles: Influence on Biodegradability and Potential Risk of Contaminated Sites....Pages 337-345 Investigation of the Influence of a Heavy Metal Contaminated Region on Plants, Animals and Humans on Example of the Nickel Plant St. Egidien, Saxony, Germany....Pages 347-348 Risk assessment of contaminated soil: Proposals for adjusted, toxicologically based Dutch soil clean-up criteria....Pages 349-364 Soil Guideline Values in the UK: New Risk-Based Approach....Pages 365-372 Do target values help to protect the soil?....Pages 373-382 Guide Levels for the Decontamination of Polluted Water and Soil....Pages 383-392 Bioassays to Assess Treated (Remediated) Sediments....Pages 393-402 Use of Ecotoxicological Methods for Evaluating Risks Caused by Contaminated Soils....Pages 403-408 Concept of Integrated Evaluation of Contaminated Sites and Basis of Evaluation of Soil/Groundwater Contamination Paths in the State of Saxony....Pages 409-419 The API Decision Support Framework: Software for Risk Assessment at UST Sites....Pages 421-430 Contaminated Landfill Sites in the Canton of Berne, Switzerland - A risk Assessment Model....Pages 431-440 Front Matter....Pages 151-151 Liability and Accountability in Health and Safety....Pages 441-448 Occupational Safety at Landfill Sites - Hazards and Pollution Due to Landfill Gas....Pages 449-458 Assessment of Dangers and On-the-Job Safety from the Chemical-Toxicological Point of View....Pages 459-467 Directives for Working in Contaminated Areas - Improving Work and Health Safety....Pages 469-472 Substrate Value of Landfill Leachate Polluted Groundwater for Microbial Degradation under Different Redox Conditions....Pages 473-474 Geochemistry of groundwater in the Eocenean Aquifer of Alonim Shefara’m in the period 1959–1977....Pages 475-475 A Guide to Safe Working Practices for Contaminated Sites....Pages 477-478 Evaluation of contaminated soil - pragramatic handling with guide. threshold and trigger values....Pages 479-480 Human exposure to contaminated soil: a model (CSOIL) used for assessment of human-toxicological intervention values for soil clean-up....Pages 481-482 Cation Migration in Groundwater: A Field Experiment....Pages 483-484 Degradation of Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons in a Bioreactor....Pages 485-486 Microbiological Examinations in Soils from Pilot Tests for the Restoration of a Former Metallurgical Site.....Pages 487-488 3D/2D modeling of groundwater flow and contaminant processes - the simulation system FEFLOW coupled with GIS ARC/INFO....Pages 489-490 An Internally Consistent and Critically Reviewed Thermodynamic Database for Geochemical Modelling....Pages 491-492 Soil/Solution Distribution Equilibria of Lindane at Different Soil/Water Ratios and Under Non-Saturated Conditions....Pages 493-494 Groundwater Pollution from Dredged Material Disposal: Retardation of Pollutants in Natural Barriers....Pages 495-496 Groundwater Model Study for the Assessment of Efficiency and Long Term Effects of Different Safety Measures for the Major Dump at Vorketzin....Pages 497-498 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) In Forest Soils I: Contents And Dynamic In Podzols....Pages 499-500 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Forest Soils: II Concentrations in Soil Solution....Pages 501-502 Solubility of Cadmium in Polluted Soil....Pages 503-504 Front Matter....Pages 151-151 Chemical and Microbiological Determinations During an on-Site Decontamination for a PAH-Contaminated Site....Pages 505-506 Design and Performance of Vertical Barriers to Pollution Migration....Pages 507-508 Gas Chromatographic Characterization of Oil Spills....Pages 509-510 The Long-Term Behaviour of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash in Monofills: A Potential Problem?....Pages 511-511 Characterization of an Old Landfill as a Source for Groundwater Pollution....Pages 513-514 Carrier-Influenced Transport of Pollutants in Porous Media: Experimental Assessment....Pages 515-516 Modelling of Heavy Metal Adsorption on the Site of the Ellweiler Uranium Mill....Pages 517-518 Investigation of Source and Distribution of Hydrocarbon Contaminations in the Subsurface of a Former Coal Mine in the Northern Area of the Ruhrgebiet....Pages 519-520 Influence of Multiple Nonequilibrium Sources on Pesticide Transport in Soils....Pages 521-522 Delayed Effects of Chemicals in Soils and Sediments: “Chemical Time Bombs”....Pages 523-524 Risk Assessment for an Inhabited Disused Landfill in Wuppertal-Varresbeck, Federal Republic of Germany....Pages 525-527 Hydrocarbon degradation in aerated soil fixed bed reactors: Effect of homogenization....Pages 529-530 In Situ Measurement of Organic Pollutant Degradation in a Leachate Plume....Pages 531-538 Risk Assessment: Combining Exposure Models and Statistics....Pages 539-540 Evaluation of Abandoned Waste Sites by Regional Evaluation Commissions....Pages 541-542 Determination of Halogenated Hydrocarbon Contaminations and Complex Judgment of its Danger Potential....Pages 543-544 Distribution and Behaviour of Heavy Metals in Soils, Following Different Clean -Up Procedures....Pages 545-546 Diffusion of Trichloroethylene in a Natural Clay: A Field Experiment....Pages 547-548 Aqueous Solubility of Coal-Tar Constituents under Equilibrium Conditions....Pages 549-555 Effect of A Non-Singular Adsorption Assumption on the Simulation of Herbicide Leaching in the Water-Unsaturated Zone of Soils....Pages 557-558 Front Matter....Pages 151-151 Horizontal Remediation Wells by Remote Sensed Drillings....Pages 559-560 Origin and Extension of Propanthiol Contamination....Pages 561-562 Investigations to Risk Assesment Due to Arsenic and Aluminum Contamination of the Subsoil in Ground-Water Veins....Pages 563-564 Dissolution and Transport of Coal-Tar Constituents and Their Impact on Groundwater Quality....Pages 565-566 Transport of Volatile Organic Chemicals in Sand....Pages 567-568 A Framework for the Assessment of the Impact of Contaminated Land on Groundwater and Surface Water....Pages 569-570 Leaching and bioavailability of inorganic compounds in contaminated and cleaned soils....Pages 571-572 Studies on the Desiccation Risk of Cohesive Soil Liners for Landfills Due to Thermally Induced Water Movement....Pages 573-574 Modelling of Contaminant Transport from an Urban Dump Site....Pages 575-576 Flowpaths of Leachates Into the Groundwater and Hydrogeological Barriers....Pages 577-578 Hazard Ranking Criteria for Contaminated Sites....Pages 579-580 Soil/Plant Transfer of Pollutants by Cultivation of Energy Plants on Waste Water Irrigated Soils....Pages 581-582 A Strategy for Disposal of Dredged Sludge....Pages 583-584 Front Matter....Pages 585-585 Sampling Strategies and the Role of Geostatistics in the Investigation of Soil Contamination....Pages 587-597 Sampling Strategy Guidelines for Contaminated Land....Pages 599-608 A Site Investigation Strategy Using Moving Window Kriging and Automated Semivariogram Modelling....Pages 609-622 Problems of the Investigation and Restoration of Abandoned Contaminated Areas in the Chemical Plants of the New Federal States Under the Special Aspect of the Former Lignite-Based Chemistry....Pages 623-629 The Use of in Situ Measurement Techniques for Soil Pollution Problems....Pages 631-639 Investigations on the Gas Processes in Industrial Waste sites....Pages 641-648 The Use of Bioassays for Contaminated Soil Investigations....Pages 649-655 Front Matter....Pages 585-585 On-Site Investigation of Contaminated Soil by GC-MS and EDXRF-Techniques....Pages 657-664 Developing a Software Tool to Support Investigation Strategies to Tackle Problems in the Field of Contaminated Sites....Pages 665-672 Geotechnical Investigations and Considerations for the Redevelopment of Bowman’s Harbour and Adjacent Land....Pages 673-682 Soil Monitoring Networks: Suitable Tools for Policy Evaluation....Pages 683-691 How to Estimate Costs due to Contaminated Sites: A Prognostic Method to Permit Initial Risk Considerations for Industrial Enterprises and Real Estate in the East German Länder....Pages 693-701 Examination of Playgrounds and Sport-Fields in Northrhinewestphalia Concerning PCDD/F -Containing Copper Slag Methods and Results....Pages 703-712 PAH Field Analysis - a Field Method for the Analysis of PAH in Soil Samples at a Semi-Quantitative Level....Pages 713-715 The Application of Geophysics to the Exploration and Controlling of Waste Dumps - Case Histories....Pages 717-725 Execution of a Risk Assessment for the Major Dump at Vorketzin Near Potsdam....Pages 727-736 System for Evaluating Alternative Techniques for Cleaning up Contaminated Sites in order to Derive a Remedial Action Concept....Pages 737-745 Investigation and Decontamination of Soil and Groundwater at Former Soviet Army Bases in Czechoslovakia....Pages 747-754 The Complexities of Polluted Site and Derelict Land Reclamation - Interregional Cooperation of Traditional European Industrial Regions....Pages 755-756 Cleaning up and Clearing a Dioxine-Contaminated Metal Smelting Plant....Pages 757-768 The Research, Development,Demonstration, Testing, and Evaluation Program of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Technology Development....Pages 769-779 Towards a Spatially Differentiated Soil Protection Policy within Urban Areas....Pages 781-787 An Experimental Site to Improve Soil and Groundwater Decontamination....Pages 789-797 Evaluation of Treatment Technologies using U.S. Methods for the Remediation Site HAYNAUER Str. 58, Berlin within the Framework of the Bilateral German-American Agreement....Pages 799-805 The Valuation of Contaminated Gasoline Sites....Pages 807-810 Radiological Registration, investigation and assessment of Contaminated soil from past mining activities in the new German Federal States....Pages 811-818 Assessment of Remedial Actions for Contaminated Sites....Pages 819-827 Front Matter....Pages 585-585 Site Clearance of the former Dumping Site Stade-Riensförde-Investigation of the Dumping Site....Pages 829-833 Monitoring and Evaluation for a Low Temperature Thermal Process that Removes PCB’s from Soil - Planning and Quality Assurance -....Pages 835-844 Control and Monitoring....Pages 845-851 Results of the Long-Term Monitoring of Different Types of Covers on the Georgswerder Landfill (Hamburg, FRG)....Pages 853-862 Results and Experience of Radiological Measurements Supporting Recovery - Shown on an Recovery Object....Pages 863-869 Use of Recycled Soil for the Regeneration of Contaminated Land....Pages 871-880 Change of Soil Properties Caused by Thermal Treatment in a Rotary Kiln at 1000°C....Pages 881-890 Requirements for the re-utilization of treated soil and material excavated from building sites - practical experience gained through a municipal recycling concept....Pages 891-902 Experience from Investigations of the Former Warfare-Related Contaminated Site of Stadtallendorf/Hessia....Pages 903-904 Sampling of natural and technical liners at the bottom of landfills and other contaminated sites - coring and sealing of the bore hole -....Pages 905-906 Change of soilphysical values through oil-contamination....Pages 907-910 Study of the Necessity and Urgence of Remediation of the Nature Reserve ‘Friesche Veen’....Pages 911-912 The Fingerprint Method - a Practical Tool in Linking Characterization and Treatment of Polluted Soil and Sediments....Pages 913-914 Rapid Determination of Organic Contaminants in Soil by Multisource Photoionization Detection....Pages 915-915 In-Situ Determination of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Ground Waters Using a Fiber Optic Evanescent Wave Sensor....Pages 917-918 Isotope Methods in Environmental Investigations....Pages 919-920 Strategy for developing soil cleaning guidelines: “how clean is clean”....Pages 921-922 Developing Soil Cleaning Guidelines: Application to Sites in an Agricultural Area....Pages 923-924 Securing of the Hazardous Waste Site Münchehagen....Pages 925-926 Quality Assurance Programme for Screening Measurements of Radium-226 in the Environment....Pages 927-927 Front Matter....Pages 585-585 Methodical Experiences in Data Analysis....Pages 929-930 Assessing Heavy-Metal Contamination in Soil Applying a Bacterial Biotest and X-Ray Fluorescent Spectroscopy....Pages 931-932 Requirements of Radiation Protection for Site Clearence in Case of Radioactive Contaminated Soils....Pages 933-934 Minimising Ground Contamination during Factory Closure....Pages 935-936 Redox Buffering Capacity of Aquifer Sediment....Pages 937-938 Draft of regulations governing fees for the compilation of Expertises Without Sampling on Former Hazardous Deposits and former hazardous sites....Pages 939-940 Conversion Products of Explosives During Combustion - Analysis for Risk Assessment Studies of Open-Pit Burning Areas....Pages 941-942 The assessment of the quality of measurements during the investigation of a contaminated site....Pages 943-944 Biosensor for Quantitative Determination of Phenols....Pages 945-946 Development of Soil Microbial Activities, Soil Fauna and Humic Matter During Remediation and Recultivation of Pah-Contaminated Soil....Pages 947-948 Development of a Probe for In-Situ Monitoring of Organics on Potentially Contaminated Land....Pages 949-950 Project Management By the Construction Authorities Rheinland-Pfalz for the In-Situ Decontamination of Large Fuel Contaminated Areas....Pages 951-952 Sanitation Plan for a Former Gasworks Site in Hamburg-Barmbek Contaminated with Cyanide by a Valuation Matrix for a Selection Process....Pages 953-954 Decontamination of Sewage Fields by Cultivation of Different Useful Plants....Pages 955-956 Considerations on the Accuracy of Sampling with Regard to A Waste Dump....Pages 957-958 Experiences in the Remediation of Ground Water Contaminated by Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Vicinity of a Former Refinery Property....Pages 959-960 Quality assurance of the isolation of a contaminated location....Pages 961-962 Optimization of groundwater quality monitoring networks using SOLUTE....Pages 963-964 Evaluation of different techniques to monitor bioluminescent microorganisms in soil or non-marine water samples....Pages 965-966 The Application of Geophysical Methods for the Exploration of Abandoned Polluted Areas....Pages 967-968 Front Matter....Pages 585-585 Organic Contaminants in Coal Wastewaters and Associated Sediments - Their Analytical Determination and Interactions with Humic Organic Matter....Pages 969-970 The Project “Kop Van Zuid” in Rotterdam....Pages 971-972 Investigation of Subsurface Contaminations by Hydrocarbons, Using CO 2 -, CH 4 - and 0 2 -Measurements in Soil Gas....Pages 973-974 Safety provisions at the technical examination of abandoned waste sites under the special regard of the risks caused by landfill gas....Pages 975-976 The Hamburg Utilization Concept for Excavated or Treated Soil, Residual Materials and Recycled Building Materials....Pages 977-978 Advanced investigations on the warfare-related contaminated site Stadtallendorf....Pages 979-980 Redevelopment of Buildings in Contaminated Sites....Pages 981-981 Exploration Drillings below the Hazardous Waste Site Münchehagen....Pages 983-984 Using Prosa to Estimate the Urgency of Cleaning up Potentially Contaminated Areas....Pages 985-986 Methods and Strategies for Optimising the Treatment of Contaminated Soils and Contaminated Sites within the Framework of Physical and Environmental Planning....Pages 987-988 The Use of Vegetation Studies in Monitoring the Surface Cover System of the Waste Disposal Site Georgswerder (Hamburg, Germany)....Pages 989-990 Hydrological Monitoring of the Surface Covering System of the Hamburg-Georgswerder Landfill....Pages 991-992 Amperometric Biosensor for Nitrate Analysis....Pages 993-994 Use of Information Systems for the Avoidance of Waste in Communes and as Basis for Waste Economy Concepts....Pages 995-996 First Results on the Effects of Direct Thermal Treatment on Soil Organic Matter and Availability of Heavy Metals....Pages 997-998 Problems and approaches related to the cleaning and safe storage of preparation residues from uranium ore mining in eastern Germany....Pages 999-1001 Site Investigation After PCB Ground Contamination in a West-German City....Pages 1003-1004 Back Matter....Pages li-lxxxv