Contaminated Soil : First International TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil 11–15 November, 1985, Utrecht, The Netherlands

F. J. COLON Chairman of the Scientific Committee TNO Division of Technology for Society, APELDOORN, The NETHERLANDS Only these past few years have we gained an insight into the full extent of the problems associated with contaminated soils. The first efforts to take effective remedial action at contaminated sites were seriously hampered by the lack of experience, knowledge and technology. Fortunately, this handicap has been partly alleviated by the experience we have gained in the numerous cases we have had, and -unfortunately­ still have to deal with. This meeting on contaminated soil is the first international conference to cover such a wide variety of subjects related to the problems that confront us in practice: behaviour of contaminants in soil - impacts on public health and the enviornment - role of governments and other authorities - site investigation and analysis - techniques for remedial action - management of remedial action and risk assessment - safety - case studies This Conference has been organized by the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) in co-operation with the Netherlands Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment (VROM). It goes without saying that the preparation would not have been possible without the assistance of many people throughout the world and the co-operation between government, industry and research organizations. Front Matter....Pages I-XVII Selecting the Appropriate Remedial Alternative; A Systematic Approach....Pages 1-15 Soil Protection Research as a Priority Area of Dutch Science Policy....Pages 17-17 Behaviour of Inorganic Contaminants in Soil....Pages 19-32 Modeling Heavy Metals in the Top Soil of a Harbour Sludge Depot....Pages 33-47 Chemical Exchange Rates Between Soil and Air....Pages 49-61 Removal and Retention of Volatile Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in the soils’ Unsaturated Zone....Pages 63-77 Soil Heterogeneity and its Impact on the Spread of Pollutants....Pages 79-87 Background Values of 32 Elements in Dutch Topsoils, Determined with Non-Destructive Neutron Activation Analysis....Pages 89-99 The Behaviour and Availability of Cd, Ni and Pb in Polluted Soils....Pages 101-113 The Effects of Groundwater Flow Pattern on the Concentration of Soluble Sulphates....Pages 115-120 The Degradation of Oil in Soil....Pages 121-124 The Fate of Spilled Oil in the Soil....Pages 125-127 Influence of the Soil Properties on the Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb in Polluted Soils....Pages 129-131 Upward Movement of Metals into Soil Covering Metalliferous Waste....Pages 133-135 The Movement of Water and Oil in a Waste Disposal Site in Hamburg: -A Case Study-....Pages 137-139 Comparative Laboratory and Outdoor Studies on the Behaviour of 14 C-Labelled Chlorinated Benzenes in Soil....Pages 141-143 Migration of Contaminants from Under Water Disposal of Highly Contaminated Dredging Spoil....Pages 145-147 Flodin: A Computer Program for the Spreading of Hydrophobic Contaminants in the Soil....Pages 149-151 Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Transport and Retention of Atrazine in a Soil-Column....Pages 153-155 Reaction Kinetics and Transport of Phosphate: Parameter Assessment and Modelling....Pages 157-159 Modelling of the Transport of a Reactive Contaminant in Spatial Variable Soil Systems....Pages 161-163 Numerical Simulation of Advection in Groundwater Flow Systems....Pages 165-167 Evaluation of Cadmium Exposure from Contaminated Soil....Pages 169-180 Health Risk Assessment, Population Survey and Contaminated Soil....Pages 181-190 Comparison of the Effects of Several Chemicals on Microorganisms, Higher Plants and Earthworms....Pages 191-202 Metal Contamination of Soils in U.K. Urban Gardens: Implications to Health....Pages 203-209 Community Response to Soil Contamination: Risk and Uncertainty....Pages 211-219 Soil Contamination with Volatile Organic Chemicals and the Estimation of Impact on Human Health....Pages 221-232 A Safe Level for Lead in Soil and Dust....Pages 233-246 Human Cadmium Intake in a Contaminated Region....Pages 247-250 The Effects of Gases Emitted From Landfills on Soils and Crops....Pages 251-253 The Soil Clean-Up Operation in the Netherlands; Further Developments after Five Years of Experience....Pages 255-267 Remedial Actions on Contaminated Sites — Approaches to Solve the Problems of Abandoned Sites in the Federal Republic of Germany....Pages 269-284 Assessing Contaminated Land: UK Policy and Practice....Pages 285-293 Danish Experiences with a Chemical Waste Site Law....Pages 295-301 International Study on Reclamation of Contaminated Sites....Pages 303-313 Site Investigation: A Review of Current Methods and Techniques....Pages 315-324 Sampling and Analysis in Contaminated Site Investigations. Impediments and Provisional Guidelines in the Netherlands....Pages 325-336 Sampling Problems in Assessing Soil Contamination at Former Gaswork Sites....Pages 337-349 Investigations on the Impact of Uncontrolled Waste Sites on Ground Waters in Berlin: Methods, Results and Evaluation....Pages 351-363 Site Assessment and Monitoring of Contaminants by Airborne Multi-Spectral Scanner....Pages 365-378 Remote Sensing by Electromagnetic Induction (EMI), Magnetometer and Ground Penetrating Radar....Pages 379-387 Sensory Perception in Soil Pollution Studies....Pages 389-398 Sampling and Analytical Techniques and their Application to Soil Chemistry, Hydrogeology and Hydrochemistry in Group Condition Surveys....Pages 399-401 An Advanced Soil Sampling Technology for use in Contaminated Soils....Pages 403-405 Geohyrological Data Based on the Results of the Cone Penetrometer Test....Pages 407-409 Measuring Soil Vapors for Defining Subsurface Contaminant Plumes....Pages 411-414 Rapid on-Site Analysis of Soil Contamination....Pages 415-417 Rapid Screening of Pollutants in Soil by Curiepoint Pyrolysis/Evaporation Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry....Pages 419-419 Oilpollution in a Fluviatile Environment....Pages 421-422 Terrestrial Arthropods as Indicators for Side-Effects Caused by Insecticides in Arable Farm Systems in The Netherlands....Pages 423-425 A Test Procedure to Predict the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals, Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons to Animals Colonizing an Intertidal Wetland....Pages 427-429 Assessing the Risk of Soil Contamination in the Case of Industrial Activities....Pages 431-437 Soil Protection and Remedial Actions: Criteria for Decision Making and Standardization of Requirements....Pages 441-448 Two Risk Assessment Frameworks in Soil Pollution....Pages 449-458 Reuse Status of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites after Remediation in Europe and the United States....Pages 459-475 Evaluation of Methods for Monitoring Landfill Barriers....Pages 477-500 The Importance of Effective Planning Control in Achieving Land Restoration....Pages 501-506 Soil Pollution in the Former Industrialized Areas of Rotterdam....Pages 507-513 Assessment of Fire Hazard in Contaminated Land....Pages 515-522 The Environmental Assessment of Contaminated Land in the UK: The Role of a Preliminary Investigation....Pages 523-531 Urgency Estimation for Investigation and Sanitation of Contaminated Soils....Pages 533-536 Hazards from Methane on Contaminated Sites....Pages 537-540 Contamination of the Sediment in Auqatic Systems....Pages 541-543 An Initial Interpretive Framework for Assessing the Environmental Meaning of Test Results....Pages 545-547 Quality Control in Soil Cleaning....Pages 549-550 Occupational Hygiene During Clean Up Actions of Contaminated Soil....Pages 551-563 Summary of Standard Operating Safety Guides, November 1984....Pages 565-571 Safety During Redevelopment Works: A Case Study....Pages 573-585 Techniques for Remedial Action at Waste Disposal Sites....Pages 587-599 Soil Cover Reclamation Experience in Britain....Pages 601-614 Large-Scale Lysimeters for Measuring Tightening Effects of Soil-Covering-Systems for Hazardous Waste Sites....Pages 615-624 The Investigation and Development of a Landfill Site....Pages 625-636 Isolation Strategies in Relation to Contaminated Land Problems....Pages 637-644 Thermal Methods Developed in the Netherlands for the Cleaning of Contaminated Soil....Pages 645-654 Extractive Methods for Soil Decontamination; A General Survey and Review of Operational Treatment Installations....Pages 655-667 Microbiological Decontamination of Excavated Soil....Pages 669-678 In Situ Techniques....Pages 679-698 Treatment of Polluted Water from the Clean-Up of Contaminated Soil....Pages 699-709 Decontamination of Polluted Aquifers by Biodegradation....Pages 711-722 The Hamburg-Georgswerder Dumping Ground, Situation Problems and Administrative Arrangements for Producing a Rehabilitation Plan....Pages 723-728 Remedial Action at the Landfill Georgswerder/Hamburg using Best Available Technology....Pages 729-735 Behaviour of Dredged Mud after Stabilization with Different Additives....Pages 737-746 Redevelopment of Land Contaminated by Methane Gas:- the Problems and Some Remedial Techniques....Pages 747-757 A Microbiological Strategy for the Decontamination of Polluted Land....Pages 759-768 Case Studies of Soil Pollution in Some Dutch Urban Area’s....Pages 769-779 Characterization and Remediation of a Waste Site in Northern Germany....Pages 781-791 Occidental Chemical Company at Lathrop, California, a Groundwater/Soil Contamination Problem and a Solution....Pages 793-806 Treatment of Contaminated Groundwater: An Overview of Recent Dutch Experiences....Pages 807-815 Treatment of Polluted Ground Water from Abandoned Gaswork Sites....Pages 817-830 Contamination from a Coal Tar Processing Chemical Industry: Investigations and Remedial Actions....Pages 831-848 Experiments on Specific Retardation of Some Organic Contaminants by Slurry Trench Materials....Pages 849-857 The Use of Vertical Cut Off Walls in the Containment Of Pollutants....Pages 859-861 Physical Properties of Lining Systems under Percolation of Waste Liquids and their Investigation....Pages 863-865 Allround encapsulation of hazardous waste in the soil by means of grouting gels and sealing walls resistant to aggresive chemicals....Pages 867-869 Construction of an Impervious, Controllable and Repairable Waste-Fill Base....Pages 871-873 Facilities for Temporary or Final Above Ground Disposal of Contaminated Material....Pages 875-877 The Design of a Disposal Site for Fly Ash....Pages 879-881 Thermal Cleaning of Soil Contaminated with γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane....Pages 883-886 Soil Reclamation of Contaminated Soil with a Bioreactor....Pages 895-895 Investigation and Remediation of the Site of the Former Gasworks in Tilburg....Pages 897-899 Investigation and Development of a Contaminated Building Site. Case Study....Pages 901-903 Soil and Groundwater Pollution by Large Scale Landfilling with Pyrite Slag....Pages 905-907 Soil, Sediment and Water Contamination as a Result of Chemical Waste Incineration....Pages 909-912 Delfshaven-Rotterdam, Redevelopment of a Contaminated Area....Pages 913-915 Handling Drums Containing Chemical Waste Zaandam Province North Holland....Pages 917-917 Environmental Aspects of the Utilization of Pellets Prepared from Fosfogypsum, Coal Fly Ash and Cement....Pages 919-923 F.J. COLON Chairman of the Scientific Committee TNO Division of Technology for Society, APELDOORN, The NETHERLANDS Only these past few years have we gained an insight into the full extent of the problems associated with contaminated soils. The first efforts to take effective remedial action at contaminated sites were seriously hampered by the lack of experience, knowledge and technology. Fortunately, this handicap has been partly alleviated by the experience we have gained in the numerous cases we have had, and -unfortunatelyƯ still have to deal with. This meeting on contaminated soil is the first international conference to cover such a wide variety of subjects related to the problems that confront us in practice: behaviour of contaminants in soil - impacts on public health and the enviornment - role of governments and other authorities - site investigation and analysis - techniques for remedial action - management of remedial action and risk assessment - safety - case studies This Conference has been organized by the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) in co-operation with the Netherlands Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment (VROM). It goes without saying that the preparation would not have been possible without the assistance of many people throughout the world and the co-operation between government, industry and research organizations