Contaminated Soil ’88 : Second International TNO/BMFT Conference on Contaminated Soil, 11–15 April 1988, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany

W.A. de Jong President of TNO Until some decades ago man supposed that the resilience of the environment was unlimited. He thought he could draw heavily on nature with impunity and that he could infinitely dump his waste into the environment. We have come to know better now: virtually everyone is well aware that one cannot just go on burdening the environment of man, animal and plant to such an extent. TNO, the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, is among those research institutions that are working on economically feasible solutions for pollution problems resulting from human activities. Soil contamination and remediation feature as important topics in TNO's environmental research programme. In view of the international scope of the problem, TNO organized an international conference on this subject in Utrecht, the Netherlands, in November 1985, which met with a worldwide response from the scientific community as well as from governments and industry. The international interest taken in soil contamination is underlined by the fact that the Second International Conference on Contaminated Soil takes place in a country where remedial action is being given high political priority. Front Matter....Pages i-xxxvi Analysis and Prognosis of Metal Mobility in Soils and Wastes....Pages 1-10 Comparison of Leaching Behaviour and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils and Soils Cleaned Up with Several Extractive and Thermal Methods....Pages 11-21 Transport of Heavy Metals and Phosphate in Heterogeneous Soils....Pages 23-32 Influence of Sorption and Chemical Reactions on Transport of Soil Pollutants (Heavy Metals)....Pages 33-41 Estimation of Long-Term Behavior of Heavy Metals in Solid Wastes....Pages 43-46 Use of the Langmuir Isotherm to Description of Zn Sorption by Some Polish Soils....Pages 47-49 Leaching of Cyanides....Pages 51-53 Mineral Reactions and Pollutant Detection in Fissured Glimmerton....Pages 55-57 Vertical Spreading of Pollutants in Glimmerton....Pages 59-61 The Influence of Soil Clean-Up on the Bioavailability of Metals....Pages 63-65 Correlations between Chemical and Biological Evaluation Procedures for the Determination of Heavy Metal Availability from Soils....Pages 67-69 Contaminant Diffusion in Sediments, Soil and Waste Materials....Pages 71-74 Behavior of Organic Contaminants in Soil....Pages 75-81 Soil Substitutes for Adsorption Measurement of Chemicals to Soil....Pages 83-90 The Degradation of Specific Organic Compounds with Landfill Leachate as a Primary Substrate....Pages 91-100 Valuation of the Migration Behaviour of Substances in the Subsoil....Pages 101-103 The Value of a Soil Transport Model, Based on Partitioning, for Describing the Behaviour of Organic Compoundsin the Unsaturated Zone of the Soil....Pages 105-107 Adsorption of Benzene, Toluene and Xylenes in Soil Material....Pages 109-111 Fate of 14 C-Labelled Chlorinated Phenols in Soil....Pages 113-115 The Pate of Naphthalene, Anthracene and Benzo(A)Pyrene in Soil Taken from a Refinery Waste Treatment Site....Pages 117-119 Limitations of the K oc Concept Inferred from 1-Methylnaphthalene Sorption on Organic Coated Minerals....Pages 121-123 The Importance of Measurement Procedures in Curative and Preventive Soil Protection....Pages 125-133 Groundwater Contamination by Abandoned Waste Disposal Sites: Detection and Possibilities of Standardized Assessment....Pages 135-149 Geophysics and Geostatistics for Evaluating Groundwater Pollution....Pages 151-161 On-Site Soil and Air Analysis with a Mobile Mass Spectrometer....Pages 163-169 Kriging Interpolation as a Sampling Strategy in Local Soil Pollution....Pages 171-178 Alternative Investigation Techniques for Ground Water Contamination Sites: Soil Gas Testing and Spinner-Logging/Depth Sampling -A Case Study-....Pages 179-188 Microbial Degradation of Petroleum in Contaminated Soil — Analytical Aspects....Pages 189-199 An Integrated Approach to the Investigation and Redevelopment of Contaminated Sites....Pages 201-201 A New System for the Profile Measurement of Chemical/Physica1 Parameters....Pages 203-205 Determination of the Extension, Identification and Localization of Pollutant Substances by Probes....Pages 207-208 Geostatistics in Soil Pollution Research....Pages 209-211 Investigation of Soil and Groundwater at Former Gasworks Sites....Pages 213-215 State-Wide Geoscientific Investigations for the Evaluation of Abandoned Waste Sites....Pages 217-219 Investigations into Underground Contaminations at Old Landfills in Northern Bavaria....Pages 221-223 Soil Studies, Risk Assessment, and Restoration Suggestions on an Abandoned Industrial Site....Pages 225-226 Sampling and conservation of volatile organic micropollutants in groundwater....Pages 227-229 Hydrogeological Investigations in Liassic Claystone — Basis for the Redevelopment of Bielefeld-Brake Refuse Tip....Pages 231-233 Mercury (Hg) — New Ways for an Old Pathfinder....Pages 235-237 Microbiological Investigations of a Aquifer Polluted by Hydrocarbons and Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Respect of Microbiological Treatment....Pages 239-241 Evaluation of Different Biomass Parameters for Microbial Monitoring of Oil Polluted Ground Water....Pages 243-245 Main Contaminants and Priority Pollutants from Waste Sites: Criteria for Selection with the Aim of Assessment on the Groundwater Path....Pages 247-251 Ionic Ratios as a Tool to Identify and Select Groundwater Resources....Pages 253-255 Use of Fluorescing Agents to Study Actual and Apparent Petroleum Thicknesses in Laboratory Columns....Pages 257-259 Environmental Pollution by Beryllium in Japan....Pages 261-263 Heavy Metals in the Soils of Hamburg....Pages 265-267 Sources, Effects and Management of Metallic Lead Pollution. The Contribution of Hunting, Shooting and Angling.....Pages 269-271 Instrumentation for the Measurement of Landfill Gas Emissions....Pages 273-275 Theory and Practice of Self Potential Measurements on Waste Disposal Sites....Pages 277-279 Assessment of Volatile Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Tripping Sites (Abandoned Waste Disposal Sites And Landfills) by Soil Air and Waste Analyses....Pages 281-283 Gas Monitoring Measurements for Detecting Explosion Hazards on the Hamburg Municipal Authority’s Developed Landfills....Pages 285-287 Fundamentals for Determining Use-Related, Highest Acceptable Contaminant Levels in Inner City and Urban Soils....Pages 289-298 Development of a Model to Set Clean-Up Criteria for Contaminated Soil at Decommissioned Industrial Sites....Pages 299-308 Soil Quality Standards: Science or Science Fiction....Pages 309-316 Essays Concerning the Discussion of Limiting Values for Residual Values of Hazardous Substances....Pages 317-325 Setting Trigger Concentrations for Contaminated Land....Pages 327-337 Soil Standards for Soil Protection and Remedial Action in the Netherlands....Pages 339-349 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Soil System: Long-Term Changes, Behaviour and Current Levels in the U.K.....Pages 351-358 ISO/TC 190 — Soil Quality, First Steps Towards a World-Wide Standardized Approach of Soil Problems....Pages 359-361 AGAPE — A Model for estimating the relative Risk of Potential Contaminated Sites....Pages 363-365 RISC : An Expert System for Risk Identification of Soil Contamination....Pages 367-369 Hazard Estimation of Two Emittents as Component Parts of the Data -Combination System “Existing Contamination Load — Soil- Ground Water”....Pages 371-373 Assessment of the Risk Potential of Contaminated Sites Without Taking Samples: Strategy — Results — Problems....Pages 375-377 Estimation of the Potential Hazard Deviving from Old Landfills Using Differentiated Gas Sampling — and -Analytical Methods....Pages 379-380 Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites....Pages 381-383 Contaminations by Chemical Armament Factories....Pages 385-387 The Volgermeerpolder, a Case Study....Pages 389-392 Fiber Dust Emissions on Dumps and Their Assessment....Pages 393-395 Methods for an Action Oriented Program Concerning Risk Assessment and Danger Abatement of Contaminated Sites on a Regional Scale....Pages 397-399 An Expert System for Groundwater Vulnerability Assesment....Pages 401-401 Experience in the Appraisal of Health Risks Owing to Soil Contamination....Pages 403-414 An International Study on Social Aspects ETC. of Contaminated Land....Pages 415-424 Setting Up a Network of Health and Environment Medical Officers in Primary Health Services....Pages 425-436 Human Health Observed Through the “Ecological Looking Glass”....Pages 437-440 The Influence of Soil Pollution on the Indoor Air Quality....Pages 441-449 Studies of Organic Pollutant Uptake by Plants....Pages 451-458 Toxicant Screening in Soil Using Bioassays....Pages 459-466 Arsenic in Gley-Soils, Occurrence and Human Exposure....Pages 467-469 Lessons Learned: A Basis for Future Success....Pages 471-479 Contaminated Land: The Scale of the Problem in Europe, Costs of Clean Up and Application of Novel Techniques to Reduce Clean Up Costs....Pages 481-485 A Computer Model for Contaminated Land Reclamation Schemes....Pages 487-494 Experiences, Problems and Possible Solutions for a Redevelopment of Contaminated Industrial Sites....Pages 495-503 Land Management at Industrial Sites....Pages 505-513 Soil Management — An Industry-Specific Approach....Pages 515-521 General Survey of Site Clearance Techniques: Trend Towards In-Situ Treatment....Pages 523-533 Analysis Concerning Thermically, Physically-Chemically and Biologically Treated Contaminated Sites....Pages 535-537 General Program for Research and Development of the Remedial Action Technologies Used for Hazardous Waste Landfills Evaluated at the Landfill Gerolsheim/Rheinland-Pfalz....Pages 539-541 Motor Fuel Contamination of Soils: Current and Recent Research of the American Petroleum Institute....Pages 543-545 Contamination of ground-water by cyanide-bearing former refuse deposits — a case study....Pages 547-548 New Results and Aspects in the Area of Seal Wall Research....Pages 549-560 Surface Coverings for Tips and Contaminated Sites....Pages 561-577 Geotechnical Data Requirements for Earthen Hydraulic Barriers....Pages 579-584 Resistance of Mineral Sealing Wall Masses Against Seepage Waters from Old Storages....Pages 585-596 Soil Covering Systems as Remedial Action in Contaminated Housing Areas in the Netherlands (Summary of Poster)....Pages 597-599 The refurbishment of contaminated sites and high-safety waste dump technology....Pages 601-608 Safer Sealing Systems for Waste Dumps....Pages 609-611 The Diaphragm Wall Chamber System Inspection of the Efficacy and Long-Term Observations....Pages 613-615 Cut-Off Wall with Inserted HDPE-Panel in Comparison to a Soil-concrete Wall....Pages 617-619 Long-Term Behaviour of Encapsulation Materials — Especially for Cleaning-Up Hazardous Waste Landfills....Pages 621-623 Assessment of Mobility and Transport of Organic Contaminants Through Mineralic Containment Materials....Pages 625-629 Diffusive Pollutant Migration under Encapsulation and its Retardation or Interruption by Means of an Inversion Flow....Pages 631-633 Test Seal Wall for Gerolsheim Hazardous Waste Dump....Pages 635-637 Concept for Surface Sealing at the Special Waste Depot of Gerolsheim....Pages 639-641 Optimizing Form and Covering of Disposal Sites for Minimizing Infiltration Water....Pages 643-645 Possibilities and Limitations of Surface Covering Systems for Waste Sites....Pages 647-649 The Management of the Hydrologic System of the Landfill Hamburg-Georgswerder....Pages 651-653 Measuring the Water Balance of Various Multilayered Covering Systems on the Waste Tip Georgswerder (Hamburg, FRG)....Pages 655-657 New Requirements and Developments for Groundwater Protection with Plastic Liners....Pages 659-661 Review of Biological Soil Treatment Techniques in the Netherlands....Pages 663-670 Engineering Significance of Fundamental Concepts in Xenobiotics Biodegradation in Soil....Pages 671-677 Applied Biotechnology for Decontamination of Polluted Soils. Possibilities and Problems....Pages 679-686 Latest Development of Biological in Situ Remedial Action Techniques, Portrayed by Examples from Europe and USA....Pages 687-694 Aspects on the in-Situ and on-Site Removal of Hydrocarbons from Contaminated Sites by Biodegradation....Pages 695-704 In Situ Biorestoration of a Subsoil, Contaminated with Gasoline....Pages 705-715 Bioremediation of Hazardous Waste Sites in the USA: Case Histories....Pages 717-725 Microbial Degradation of Phenoxyacetic Acid and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Continuous Culture....Pages 727-729 Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Anaerobic Sediment Columns....Pages 731-732 Biodegradation of Alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane by a Bacterium Isolated from Polluted Soil....Pages 733-737 Decontamination of a Coal Gasification Site Through Application of Vanguard Microorganisms....Pages 739-743 Biorestoration, a Technique for Remedial Action on Industrial Sites....Pages 745-753 Prerequisites for a bacterial degradation of N-,S, and O-heterocyclic, aromatic compounds....Pages 755-757 Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals from Polluted Soils....Pages 759-762 Elimination of the Toxic Seepage Water at the Kirchlengern Refuse Disposal Site Using More Complex Plants....Pages 763-765 Progress in the Treatment of Soils Contaminated with Organochlorine Compounds. A Comparison between the Netherlands and the USA....Pages 767-775 Test of a Transportable Full-Scale Rotary Kiln Incinerator on Herbicide-Orange Contaminated Soil at the Naval Construction Battalion Center, Gulfport, Mississippi....Pages 777-785 Six Years of Experience in Thermal Soil Cleaning....Pages 787-796 Review of Thermal and Extraction Soil Treatment Plants in the Netherlands....Pages 797-808 Remedying Polluted Soil by Thermal Treatment System Deutag/Von Roll....Pages 809-818 Process for PCDD and PCDF Removal from Contaminated Soil....Pages 819-825 High temperature thermal treatment of contaminated soil....Pages 827-837 Further Development of a Thermal Soil Purification Method under Special Consideration of Waste Gas Purification and Safety Aspects as an Example for Successful International Cooperation....Pages 839-840 Deutsche Babcock Process for the Thermal Cleaning of Contaminated Soils....Pages 841-842 Demonstration of Electric Infrared Incineration....Pages 843-844 Experiences with Thermal Disposal of Gases from Contaminated Soil....Pages 845-848 Ecological Recovery of Decontaminated Soil....Pages 849-851 The Recolonisation by Bacteria of Thermically Cleaned Soil....Pages 853-856 In Situ Vitrification an Innovative Melting Technology for the Remediation of Contaminated Soil....Pages 857-859 Physico-Chemical Treatment Methods for Soil Remediation....Pages 861-870 High-Pressure Soil Washing....Pages 871-882 Experience Gained with a Soil-Decontamination System in Berlin....Pages 883-890 Physical Techniques for the in Situ Cleaning of Contaminated Soil....Pages 891-900 An Examination of Various Soil Excavation Techniques of Herbicide-Orange Contamination at the Naval Construction Battalion Center, Gulfport, Mississippi....Pages 901-910 In situ cadmium removal....Pages 911-920 In-Situ Mobilisation of Residual Oil in Contaminated Soil — Development of a Method for Selecting Oil-Mobilising Surfactants....Pages 921-928 Liquid Extraction — An Element in the Clean-Up of Waste Sites....Pages 929-931 Field-Study of Soil-Gas Exhaustion on a Landfill to Investigate the Risk Potential Depending on Chlorinated Hydrocarbons....Pages 933-934 Experiences Joined in the Remediation of CHC-Contamination Cases....Pages 935-937 Disposal of leachat by evaporation....Pages 939-941 Detoxification of Organic Liquids Using Sodium / Dehalogenation of Harmful Substances....Pages 943-945 Status of Solidification/Stabilization in the United States and Factors Affecting its Use....Pages 947-956 Application Technique for Safe Fixing of Coking Residues on the Basis of a Stabilisation Process According to “Heide-Werner”, and First Results on the Behaviour Regarding Elution....Pages 957-965 Solidifikation, Stabilization and Encapsulation of Organic Compounds from Remedial Actions Using Inorganic and Organic Fillers and Binding Agents....Pages 967-976 Industrial wastes rehabilitation....Pages 977-977 Back Matter....Pages 979-1009